Neomarica itace gidan lush na lush daga dangin Iris. Ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a Kudancin Amurka da kuma gabar yammacin Afirka. Masu furannin furanni suna ƙaunarsa don kyawawan ganye, yalwar ganye da manyan furanni. Neomarica a cikin hoto itace daji mai cike da wuta mai fure tare da furanni masu ƙanshi, mai kamshi. Wasu sunaye kuma sanannu ne: iris na tafiya, manzon iris, ko duniyan Iblis.
Bayanin Shuka
Neomarika fure ne, fure ne mai keɓewa a cikin wata ƙasa mai zaman kanta. Dankin yana da tsarin tushen farfajiya. A saman ƙasa, an bayyana ɓarnaɗɗun ganye na ganyen xiphoid. Ganyayyen furen kore mai haske yana cikin siffar fan, mafi tsayi ganye na iya tanƙwara ƙasa. Tsawon faranti na ganye tare da embossed, veins a tsaye shine 60-180 cm, kuma faɗin shine 5-6 cm.
Lokacin fure ya faɗi ne a Mayu-Yuli. Dogon itace, mai laushi mai laushi yana farawa kai tsaye daga kauri daga farantin ganye na sama. Kowane sandar yana ƙunshe da ƙwayoyin 3-5. Diamita na furanni shine 5-8 cm Furen neomarik yana kama da fure mai iris. Ya ƙunshi ƙananan dabbobin 6 masu canza launuka masu haske. Akwai nau'ikan da milky, shuɗi, shunayya, furanni na zinare. Fulawa yana tare da ƙanshin mai daɗin girma tare da bayanan tart.
Kowane fure yana rayuwa ba dare ba rana. Warwatse da safe, da yamma ya riga ya lalace. A maimakon budo, ƙaramin yaro ya fara ci gaba tare da tushen iska. Duk sassa na shuka suna da guba sosai, saboda haka an sanya shi daga yara da dabbobi.
Iri neomariki
A cikin duka, an yi rikodin nau'ikan 15 a cikin ƙwayoyin neomaric. A al'ada, biyu kawai daga cikinsu ake amfani da su.
Neomarica na siriri ne. Dankin yana samar da babban daji mai faɗaɗawa har zuwa tsayi 1 m. An tattara ganyayyaki masu ƙyalli a cikin kayan cikin muhimmi kuma ana rarrabe su da launi mai launi mai haske. Matsakaicin ganyen ganye shine 1.8 m. Tsawon tsayi ya ƙunshi har zuwa buds 10 wanda ke buɗe hankali. Diamita na toho shine 6-10 cm. Fentin an fentin furanni a cikin madara ko launi na zinare.
Neomarica Arewa. Actarin ƙaramin shuka. Tsawon daji bai wuce cm 80 ba. Tsawon ganye mai launin fata shine 60-90 cm, kuma faɗin shine cm 5. An tsara furanni a saman ɓangaren filayen don inji mai kwakwalwa 4-6, diameteraurin su shine cm cm 6. Ganye suna da shuɗi mai haske ko launin shuɗi. . A tsakiya, furen yana da rabe-raben zinari da yawa.
A iri-iri ne Popular. neomarica variegate. Ganyenta suna da bambanci iri iri wanda aka shirya a tsaye. Furen variegate neomarika yalwatacce da tsayi. Ana yin sabon buds nan da nan bayan waɗanda suka gabata suka bushe.
Kiwo
Neomarika ya yadu ta iri da kuma hanyoyin tsirrai. Mafi dacewa shine yaduwar ciyawar neomariki. Bayan fure, yara suna haɓaka da sauri. Ana iya yanke su ko kafe ba tare da an raba su da itaciyar uwa ba. Ya isa ya danna ɗan ƙaramin harbi a ƙasa tare da waya ko matsawa, kuma zai ɗauki tushe tsakanin makonni 1-2. Rooting yara ana bada shawarar a cikin tukunya daban tare da yashi da peat ƙasa. Tare da zuwan ƙananan Tushen, an datse farun kuma neomarika yana girma kamar shuka mai zaman kanta.
Neomarica sannu-sannu ke tsiro kuma ya samar da fadi da yawa na kantuna. Ana iya rarrabawa. An dasa tsiron gaba ɗaya, an 'yantar da shi daga datti kuma ya yanka tare da mashin mai kaifi zuwa sassa. A kowane rarrabuwa, aƙalla alamun girma 3 ya kamata ya kasance. Sanya sassan da aka yayyafa da baƙin gawayi. Ana dasa tsire-tsire nan da nan a cikin ƙasa.
Kuna iya yaduwar ƙwayoyin neomarika, amma ana daukar wannan hanyar da mafi wahala da rashin ƙarfi. Tsaba suna kasancewa mai yiwuwa don 'yan watanni. An dasa su a cikin kwantena masu m tare da m, ƙasa mai sauƙi. Harbe yana bayyana a tsakanin makonni 2-3, amma babu sama da rabin tsaba da suke girma. Ba da da ewa, za a iya dasa shuki a cikin tukwane daban.
Kula da tsiro
Kula da ɗakin neomarika bashi da wahala. Shuka da sauri ta samar da koren daji mai kwari, amma fure ba mai sauki bane. Don ƙirƙirar fure na fure, haske mai haske mai dawwama mai mahimmanci, da kuma iska mai sanyi yayin hutawa. Hasken rana kai tsaye yana cikin tsire-tsire. Kuna iya sanya tukwane a kan windows na kudu da na kudu, amma ku samar da haske.
Zazzabi a lokacin rani ya zama + 22 ... + 25 ° C. Kuna iya ɗaukar neomarik zuwa baranda ko filin shakatawa, amma kuna buƙatar zaɓar wuraren da babu iska. Hakanan sanyaya sanyi a cikin dare shima ba'a so. A cikin hunturu, mai buƙatar neomarik yana buƙatar samar da lokacin hutawa da canja shi zuwa ɗaki mai zafin jiki na + 8 ... + 10 ° C. Ko da a cikin hunturu, tana buƙatar haske mai haske. Idan wannan bai isa ba kuma ganyayyaki sun rasa haskensu, kuna buƙatar amfani da fitila.
Neomariki amfani da m, tukwane da yawa don dasa. Dole ne a shimfiɗa ɓangaren magudanar a kasan. Soilasa ta zama mai haske da ƙima, tare da tsaka tsaki acid ko ɗan acidic. Kuna iya amfani da ƙasa daga abubuwan da aka haɗa:
- ƙasar turf (2 sassa);
- peat (1 bangare);
- kogin kogi (1 bangare).
Juya daga tsire-tsire na manya ana yin kowace shekara 2-3. Tushen dole ne a kiyaye shi a hankali daga mafi yawan ƙurar ƙasa.
Neomarika ana shayar da yalwa, kawai saman ƙasa ya kamata ya bushe. Lokacin kwantar da hankali, ƙara da mita na ruwa yana raguwa. Shuka ba ta son ruwan alkaline, saboda haka yakamata a kiyaye ruwan ban ruwa da taushi da ruwan lemun tsami.
A lokacin zafi, yana da amfani a fesa ganyen daga kwalban feshi da goge su daga ƙura. Sau da yawa a shekara, da bushes za a iya wanke a karkashin wani rauni dumi shawa. A cikin hunturu, ba a so a sanya tukwane kusa da radiators, in ba haka ba bushe aibobi na iya bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki.
A lokacin bazara da farkon lokacin bazara, ana ƙara takaddun takaddun ma'adinai zuwa ruwa ban ruwa kowane wata. A cikin yanayin halitta, neomarika yana haɓaka kullun akan ƙasa mara kyau, saboda haka yana da mahimmanci kada a overdo da babban riguna.
Ana yin datti ne kawai idan ya cancanta, cire bushe ganye da peduncles. An bada shawara don yanke yara saboda tsire-tsire ya kasance kyakkyawa kuma yana samar da sabon buds.
Matsaloli da cututtuka
Neomarica yana da tsayayya da cuta, amma tare da tsaurarawar ruwa a cikin ƙasa, tushen rot zai iya haɓaka. Temperaturearancin zafin jiki a wannan yanayin zai ƙara tsananta halin. A farkon alamar rashin lafiya, an haƙa daji har a sami 'yanci daga ƙasa, ana yanke Tushen lalacewa cikin rudani. An kula da shuka tare da ƙwayar antifungal kuma an dasa shi a cikin sabon substrate.
Wani lokaci m ganye ne ke kai hari ta gizo-gizo mite. Tinyan ƙaramin hanyar sadarwa da alamun rubutu suna bayyana akan ganye, kuma mafi kankantar yanar gizo ya tara tare gefen ganyen ganye. Haka kuma, kwari da kansu kanana ne wadanda ba za a iya lura dasu ba. Ba shi da daraja jinkirta magani, inji zai iya mutuwa da sauri. A matsayin taimakon farko, ana wanke foli a cikin shawa kuma ana bi da shi da maganin soapy. A cikin kwanaki masu zuwa, kuna buƙatar fesa shuka tare da kwaro.
