Wace irin ƙasa ke son strawberry: yadda ake shirya ƙasa kuma ku kula da ƙasa bayan dasawa

'Ya'yan itace, kamar kowane rayayyun kwayoyin halitta, za su girma sosai kuma su ba da' ya'ya a cikin yanayi mai daɗi. Idan shuka ba ya buƙatar kashe ƙarfinsa a kan gwagwarmayar rayuwa, zai yi farin ciki girbi mai kyau da kyan gani lafiya. Ofaya daga cikin abubuwan yanayi mai kyau shine ƙasa mai dacewa kuma an shirya shi sosai.

Abun da ake buƙata da tsarin ƙasa don strawberries

'Ya'yan itace ba za a iya kiran su tsire-tsire masu ƙima sosai ba, amma lokacin da zaɓar wani fili don dasawa, ya zama dole don kula da abun da ke cikin ƙasa kuma shirya shi da kyau. Babban bukatun ƙasa don girma strawberries sune kamar haka:

• haihuwa;
• haske;
• matakin da ya dace na acidity;
• kyakkyawan danshi;
• babu kwaro da kwaro.

Mahimmanci! Ana iya shirya dasa shuki strawberries akan kowane nau'in ƙasa, banda maɗaukacin acidified, solonchak da calcareous.

A kan ƙasa da aka shirya sosai, strawberries zai inganta gaba ɗaya kuma ya ba da 'ya'ya sosai

Ilasa ƙasa don strawberries

Yankin da ya fi dacewa don strawberries shine yashin yashi ko loamy. Waɗannan nau'ikan ƙasa suna da halaye masu kyau:

• sauƙi na aiki;
• isasshen abinci mai gina jiki;
• kyakkyawan numfashi;
• kyawawan halaye masu iyawa;
• suna ɗumi da sauri da sannu a hankali.

Tsarin tsarin sandy loam da kasar loamy baya buƙatar haɓakawa. Lokacin shirya shafin don dasa shuki a kan irin wannan ƙasa, ya zama dole a sake cike wadatar abinci ta hanyar da aka haɗa da kwayoyin halitta (rabin guga a kowace murabba'in mita) da takin ma'adinai masu hadaddun.

Mafi yawan m kuma mai yiwuwa alamar ga namo na strawberries ne chernozem ƙasa, amma, da rashin alheri, yana da wuya rare a cikin mãkirci na gida

Tsarin rashin yashi, ƙasa mai nauyi na yumbu za a iya inganta shi, an inganta shi zuwa buƙatu masu karɓa. Lokacin shirya tuddai don dasawa a kan yumɓu na yumɓu, ya kamata a ƙara abubuwa masu zuwa da shi:

• peat;
• m kogin yashi;
• lemun tsami;
• ash.

Atarayen peat da yashi za su yi azaman yin burodi foda, ƙara halayen ƙasa na ɗaukar ruwa. Aikace-aikacen lemun tsami ko ash zai cire ƙarin acidity wanda zai kawo peat, zai haɓaka numfashin ƙasa.

Bayani mai amfani! Ga kowane guga na peat da aka kawo, ƙara 2 tablespoons na dolomite gari ko gilashin ash.

Inganta kasar gona friability da Bugu da kari na rotted sawdust:

• sabo ne ya kasance mai narkewa tare da maganin urea (1 tbsp.spoon da 1 lita na ruwa);
• dolomite gari ko ash an haɗa shi da abun da aka sanyaya, gauraye da hagu don kwanaki da yawa a cikin jaka mai hana ruwa a wuri mai dumi.

Ganyen Sawdust ta wannan hanyar ana yin huɗa a cikin ƙasa yayin digging na kaka. Dankalin dawakai yana da kyau kamar takin gargajiya don ƙasa mai yumɓu.

Dawaki taki warms sama da kyau, da sauri ba kashe zafi, bambanta a cikin m tsaba na sako shuke-shuke da kusan ba ya shafa da daban-daban pathogenic microflora halayyar taki

Yasa mai yashi ba ta da ƙasa, don haka kafin shirya gadaje strawberry, takin, humus, yumbu ko garin haƙa ya kamata a saka musu. Don ƙirƙirar gado mai laushi a kan rukunin ƙasa mai yashi, daga abin da zaku iya samun amfanin gona mai sauri, zaku iya amfani da wannan hanyar:

1. Don shinge wani shafin da za a kafa tudun.
2. Sanya ƙasa na gadaje masu zuwa tare da yumɓu na yumɓu.
3. A saman yumɓu na zuba 30-40 cm na m (yashi, loamy, loamy, chernozem) ƙasa.

Kudin ƙirƙirar gonar wucin gadi zasu biya tare da amfanin gona mai yawa

Matakan da aka ɗauka zasu inganta tsarin ƙasa, ƙara ƙimar abinci mai gina jiki, da samar da isasshen iska da danshi.

Kasar gona acidity

Tabbas daidai, za a iya ƙaddara acidity na ƙasa a shafin ta amfani da bincike na dakin gwaje-gwaje. A gida, zaku iya saita wannan manuniya, kuma ta hanyoyi da yawa. Tabbas, irin wannan bayanan bazai zama cikakke ba, amma zai taimaka wajen ƙaddarar matakan da suka wajaba don inganta yawan acid.

Tebur vinegar zai iya taimakawa wajen ƙayyade acidity na ƙasa. Kuna buƙatar ɗaukar ɗumbin ƙasa kuma ku zubo da shi tare da acetic acid. Idan ƙananan kumfa sun bayyana a saman ƙasa na gwajin, to, akwai isasshen adadin lemun tsami a ciki wanda yake ƙin alkama, shine, ƙasa tana da tsaka tsaki acidity. Idan babu amsa, zamu iya yanke hukuncin cewa ƙasa a cikin makircin ta zama ruwan sanyi.

Kasancewar gamsar alkama tare da kasar yana nuni da tsaka tsakin sa (hoton hoto na hagu), ƙasa mai acidic bata fitar da irin wannan amsawa (hoton da yake dama)

Wata hanyar ita ce sanya ido kan alamomin acidity, wanda na iya haɗawa da tsirrai masu tsiro na yanar gizon, waɗanda suka yadu a zahiri kuma suna da adadi mai yawa.

Tebur: tsire-tsire mai nuna acidity na ƙasa

Kasar gona Daidaita Sauyin Horo

Lambun lambun lambu sun fi son ɗan acidic da tsaka-tsakin ƙasa. Don yin ƙasa acidic da amfani don dasa shuki strawberries, dole ne a samar da shi. Don liman, ana amfani da kogin kogi, garin dolomite, marl, ƙasan ƙasa, da Fluff.

Mahimmanci! Reshasassun ƙasa da aka yi da kullun na iya hana tushen tsarin strawberries, don haka liman zai fi kyau a ci gaba, a ƙarƙashin amfanin gona na baya.

Gabatar da lemun tsami ne da za'ayi a kaka da kuma bazara a lokacin digging site

Idan kun makara tare da tsarin iyakancewa, to yana da kyau a jinkirta shi har sai strawberries ya samo tushe kuma ya yi ƙarfi.

Tebur: Sigar lemun tsami don nau'ikan ƙasa

Kula! Ash ash itace hanya mai tasiri don rage acidity na duniya. Baya ga tasirin deoxidation, ash shine tushen alli, potassium, phosphorus da abubuwa iri iri.

Ana amfani da ash ash don iyakance ƙasa, tunda tana ƙunshe a cikin baƙin ƙarfe 18-36% baƙin ƙarfe baƙin ƙarfe

Disinasa mai rarraba

Saboda haka kokarin da ake yi na shuka strawberries ba cuta da cututtuka da kwari suke yi ba, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da tsarin ƙarancin ƙasa lokacin shirya rukunin shuka shuki. Yana da mahimmanci musamman don ruɗeɗen ruhohi, katako da kuma gidajen kore, inda za a iya ƙirƙirar yanayi mai gamsarwa ba kawai don tsirrai masu tsire-tsire ba, har ma don cuta.

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don gurɓatar da ƙasa:

• sinadarai;
• agrotechnical;
• ilmin halitta.

Mahimmanci! Lokacin da kake shirin tsarin tsintar ƙasa, ya kamata ka kula da waɗancan matsaloli da cututtukan da suke cikin yanayin yanayinka, nau'in rukunin yanar gizon.

Hanyar Chemical

Mafi kyawun hanyar cututtukan zuciya shine sinadaran. Yana dogara da sauri lalata cuta. Rashin dacewar wannan hanyar shine lalata ɗayan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, don haka yakamata a yi amfani da shi sau ɗaya kuma a gaban matsaloli masu wahala. Shirye-shirye masu zuwa sun dace sosai don share ƙasa don dasa shuki strawberries:

• TMTD fungicide. Don sarrafa 1 square. mita yana amfani da 60 g na foda. A miyagun ƙwayoyi dogara dogara da pathogens a cikin ƙasa.
• jan karfe na tagulla. Don tillage, 50 g na kayan suna narkewa a cikin guga na ruwa kuma an zubar a ƙasa. Magungunan suna da inganci don lura da ƙasa a cikin gidaje da greenhouses. Doarin yawan shan magunguna yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa ƙasa ta rasa nutsuwarta, kuma yawan ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani suna raguwa a ciki. Recommendedwaƙwalwar ƙasa tare da shirye-shiryen tagulla suna bada shawarar ba sau ɗaya ba sau 5.

Don maganin ƙasa game da cututtukan fungal, mold da wasu kwari, 0.5% - 1% bayani na sulfate jan karfe (50-100 g da 10 l na ruwa) ana amfani dashi

Hanyar ilimin halitta

Amfani da shirye-shiryen cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta suna ba da sakamako masu kyau da yawa:

• yawan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙasa ke raguwa;
• lokacin da ake girma a shafin iri daya na amfanin gona, ana lura da gajiya kasar. Abubuwan fungicides na kwayoyin halitta sun sami damar magance wannan sabon abu;
• kasar na cike da microflora mai amfani.

Mafi ingantattun ƙwayoyin fungicides don shirya ƙasa don strawberries sune:

• Fitosporin;
• Trichodermin;
• Alirin B;
• Baikal EM-1.

Abubuwan fungicides na kwayoyin halitta suna da rauni mai guba kuma suna da tasiri sosai.

Kula! Don lalata kasar gona, ba za a iya amfani da shirye-shiryen halitta da sunadarai lokaci guda ba. Minimumaramar tazara tsakanin aikace-aikacen ya zama aƙalla makonni biyu.

Hanyar agrotechnical

Tsarin fasaha na aikin gona da aka tsara yadda yakamata yana taimakawa ci gaba da yaduwar cuta da yaduwar cututtuka, da kiyaye haɓakar ƙasa. Tsarin shuki mai tsari da aka shirya zai iya taimakawa. Mafi kyawun abubuwan takaddama don strawberries sune:

• beets;
• wake;
• tafarnuwa
• Peas
• dill;
• faski.

Marancin cutarwa ga lambun strawberries za su kasance tumatur, barkono, dankali, zucchini da cucumbers. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa waɗannan al'adun suna da kwari da yawa tare da strawberries, suna da haɗari ga cututtuka guda ɗaya, wakilai na causative waɗanda ke harba ƙasa.

Kafin dasa shuki strawberries a shafin, ana bada shawara a shuka tsire-tsire na siderat. An shuka su na ɗan gajeren lokaci, ba seedlings don yayi girma, sannan sai an huɗa taro mai girma a cikin ƙasa.

Siderata shine takin zamani na musamman da aka shuka don maido da ƙasa bayan lokacin girma, wadatar da shi da abubuwa masu ma'adanin nitrogen da abubuwan ɓoye da kuma hana ciyawar girma

Don kamuwa da cuta, yana yiwuwa a gudanar da jiyya ta yanayin ƙasa ta hanyar zubar da shi da ruwan zãfi ko bi da shi da tururi. Wannan hanyar tana da fa'ida sosai, amma saboda ɗaukar nauyin kisa a gida, ana iya amfani da shi don lalata ƙarancin ƙasa (alal misali, don dasa shuki) ko kuma ya watsa karamin farji.

Kula! Dasa a kan tudu yana kusa da tsire-tsire na strawberries kamar su marigolds da marigolds yana taimakawa haɓaka yanayin ƙasa da yaƙi da potogens.

Mulching Strawberry Shuke-shuke

Mulching na strawberry plantings ba kawai kare amfanin gona daga kwari, ciyawa da cututtuka, amma kuma inganta tsarin kasar gona da ƙara haihuwa. Abubuwa da yawa na iya zama ciyawa don al'adu:

• hay, bambaro ko ciyawa suna da amfani a cikin wannan bayan lalata su a cikin ƙasa, ƙirar hay suna ta yaduwa. Wannan microorganism mai amfani yana hana yaduwar cututtukan fungal;
• black spanbond yana ba da dumamar ƙasa na hanzari, yana hana bushewa da leaching, yana kare shi daga ciyawa. Don hana ƙasa daga zafi a cikin ranakun zafi, ana bada shawara don yada ciyawa ko bambaro akan agrofibre;
• allura, cones, rassan coniferous a yayin yin ciyawar kasar, suna sa ya zama sako-sako, kada a bada izinin yaduwar cuta kamar su lalata launin toka. Ya kamata a ɗauka cewa wannan ciyawa ta fitar da ciyawa, saboda haka ya kamata a yi amfani da shi tare da taka tsantsan a kan ƙasa da ke da yawan acidity;
• sawdust da shavings riƙe danshi da kyau, da hana ci gaban ciyawa. Amma lokacin da aka lalata, waɗannan kayan sun lalata ƙasa kuma suna ɗaukar nitrogen daga ciki. Saboda haka, ridges tare da irin wannan mulching shafi yana buƙatar ƙarin takin tare da takin mai magani na nitrogen, kazalika da aikace-aikacen yau da kullun na ash ko gari dolomite a kan acidification na ƙasa;
• ciyawa daga humus da takin yana hana zafi yawan zafi, cututtukan fata, bushewa, yanayin yanayi da bushewar ƙasa. Amma Layer ciyawa daga waɗannan kayan yana buƙatar sabuntawa koyaushe, kamar yadda ake sarrafa shi da sauri ta hanyar ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙasa.

Hoton Hoto: Strawberry Mulching

Bidiyo: shirya ƙasa don dasa shuki

Baya ga hanyoyin da ke sama, kada mutum ya manta game da lalata sharan shuka na shekarar da ta gabata, wanda zai iya zama haɗari, game da zurfin kaka mai zurfi na ƙasa tare da girbi tushen ciyawar da aka gano larvae, game da shawarwari don maye gurbin saman ƙasa ƙasa a cikin gidajen katako da kuma gidajen katako, saboda abubuwa masu cutarwa suna mai da hankali a ciki kwayar cuta da kwayoyin halittar da za su iya haifar da cututtuka. Ba za ku iya ba da lokacin lokaci don ingantaccen shiri na ƙasa don dasa shuki strawberries. Girma ingantaccen girbi zai zama kyakkyawan sakamako ga duk ƙoƙari da ƙoƙarin da aka kashe akan ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau na strawberries.