Davallia fernernent unernentful perennial fern ne. Yana jawo hankalin ba wai kawai tare da ganye mai launin kore ba, har ma tare da tushen m na iska mai laushi wanda ke samar da madafin iko a saman tukunyar. Waɗannan Tushen ne waɗanda suka yi kama da paws na taushi, don haka ake kiran furen davallia "zomo ko dabbobin squirrel."
Bayanin Shuka
Davallia yana cikin dangi iri ɗaya. Itace tsatstsauran ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta tare da kambi mai shimfiɗa. Shuka ya zama ruwan dare a gabashin Asiya (China, Japan) da Turai (tsibirin Canary). A cikin latitude ɗinmu, davallia fern tayi girma a matsayin babban mashahurin houseplant. A cikin yanayin halitta, daji ya kai tsayin 1 m da nisa zuwa 1.5 m, amma davallia mai girma yana girma 25-45 cm a tsayi.
Davallia yana da launi mai laushi, mai launin shuɗi. Tushen an rufe shi da Sikeli launin ruwan kasa ko villi. Wani lokacin farin ciki na ganye da aka sassaka ya hau saman saman ƙasa. Vayi suna da wani itace na roba wanda aka rufe da ganye mai haske sosai. A baya na ganye ne launin ruwan kasa sporings tare da tsaba.
Iri daban-daban
Iyalin suna da nau'ikan 60, amma kaɗan ne kawai ake amfani da su a cikin narkar cikin gida. Bari muyi cikakkun bayanai kan wakilan da ke biye.
Canary davallia aka rarraba a Kudancin Turai da arewacin Afirka. Fern ne mai perennial tare da mai kaɗa, Tushen fiɗa. An rufe Rhizome tare da sikelin mai launin ruwan kasa da kuma saitin styloid. Cirrus incisors girma 30-45 cm sama, kuma nisa ne 22-30 cm .. Fata mai launin fata zaune tam a kan kara kuma suna da m ko rhomboid siffar. Takardun ganye suna kan dogayen kafa (cm 10). Yawancin sporangia suna a kan ganye na sama kuma an rufe su da bargo mai kama da kofin.
Bubble Davallia yada daga Japan da China. Tushen wannan nau'in suna da siffar karkace kuma ana fentin su cikin sautunan launin ruwan kasa. Ganyayyaki Cirrus suna dan kadan sun kumbura kuma suna tsawon 20-25 cm kuma faɗin cm cm 15. Ganyayyaki masu launin fata suna bayyane akan filayen ganye kuma suna ba da jinsin kyakkyawa.
Davallia Fijian Tana da inuwa mai duhu duhu na kayan kore da kuma yanayin bude ganye na ganye. Tsawon daji da ke yaduwa na iya isa 90 cm. Tsawon ganye mai launin fata shine 30 cm, an haɗa su da zaren man fure mai daskarewa, don haka ire-irensu sun dace da namo iri. Wannan nau'in yana ƙoƙarin kawar da tsoffin ganye kowane shekara kuma yayi girma da harbe.
Davallia yana da yawa tartsatsi a cikin Malesiya da kuma yalwar Australiya. Dankin yana da bakin ciki, daskararre tushen an rufe shi da villi. Sau uku tsakiyan fure yana girma 35-50 cm tsayi kuma 15-25 cm faɗi. Furen da aka kwantar da shi ya hada da launin ruwan fure. Asa da ƙasa, a kan guda petiole, bakararre, ƙarin zagaye zagaye ya tsiro. Ganyen suna haɗe zuwa saman ruwan petiole, kusan tsawon 25-30 cm.
Davallia ya watsa - ciyawar mai ciyawa mai yawa tare da mai yawa, low harbe da kuma creeping rhizome. Fentin Petioles an yi wa fenti launin shuɗi-kore, a jikinsu akwai ganye mai haske kusan tsawon cm 30. The ruwan jini suna da fasalin triangular.
Davallia tayi aure mai karamin iri-iri ne. Tsawon daji bai wuce santimita 25 ba. Tushen launin ruwan kasa yana rufe da villi mai haske. A kan koren kore vayayas mai sauƙin faɗi ne, folized huɗu-huɗu. Dankin yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga sanyi kuma yana iya yin hunturu a cikin ƙasa a cikin kyakkyawan yanayi.
Davallia mai ganye ne mai ganye. Itace tana da asalinsu, daskararren launin ruwan cakulan. A kan ɗan gajeren kore ciyawa mai kauri, ganye mai haske.
Sake bugun davallia
Sake bugun davallia ta hanyar rarraba daji ana ɗauka shine hanya mafi sauƙi da tasiri. An haɗu da yanki tare da ɗaukar ƙwayar ƙwayar tsohuwar ƙwayar cuta, wanda tabbas zai haɓaka ƙimar girma. A lokacin bazara, an gama gina daji har sai an sare shi da kaifi mai kaifi. Wurin da aka yanke shi an yayyafa shi da gawayi da aka dasa kuma aka dasa shuki a ƙaramin tukunya.
Za'a iya yanka babban daji zuwa sassa da dama a lokaci daya. Ya isa ya bar akalla ganye guda na lafiya kuma daga 7 cm na rhizome a cikin kowane rarrabuwa.
Lokacin yada davallia ta hanyar spores, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari. Spores suna cikin sihiri, wanda, lokacin da ya cikakke, ya zama duhu ko launin ruwan kasa. Ipwararrun maɗaukakkun murkushewa daga wai akan takarda da bushe a ɗakin duhu.
Don dasa shuki, shirya cakuda peat a ciki a kwano. Dole ne a lalata ƙasa ta hanyar yin burodi a cikin tanda ko scalding. Spores yi kokarin rarraba a ko'ina a cikin ƙasa. Isasa ta yayyafa kuma an rufe ta da fim (gilashi). An bar akwati a wuri mai haske da dumama.
A tsakanin makonni 2-4, ɓangare na spore germinates. Matasa ferns an bar su a cikin wani dumama mai rufi da aka fesa a kai a kai. Seedlings zai kasance a shirye don dasawa ne kawai bayan watanni 2. Otsan buɗe ido suna buƙatar babban zafi, saboda haka a hankali sun saba da yanayin halitta. Ana cire tsari yau da kullun na mintina 15-20, a hankali yana ƙaruwa tsakanin tazara.
Kowane ɗayan ɓangarorin davallia suna iya yin tushe da haɓaka daban-daban. Don haka, wani tushe ko takardar yankewa, sanya shi cikin ƙasa mai daɗaɗa kuma an rufe shi da fim, da sannu zai fara girma.
Dokokin Kulawa
Kulawa davallia a gida ba shi da rikitarwa. Ya kamata ta zabi wuri mai haske, amma ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba. Windowsill na gabas ko arewa zaiyi.
Don dasa, ba zurfi sosai ba, ana amfani da tukwane masu yawa tare da lokacin farin ciki na yumɓu ko wasu kayan don magudanar ruwa. Za'a iya haxa ƙasa daga:
- ƙasar turf
- tukunyar ƙasa
- ƙwayar sphagnum;
- peat;
- yashi.
Yayinda ganga ke cike da tushen, an dasa davallia, kuma idan ya cancanta, zuwa kashi bushes da yawa. Lokacin dasawa, yana da mahimmanci a hankali. Tushen ƙasa a hankali ya ɗaga ƙasa kuma yayyafa ƙasa a ƙarƙashinsu.
Fern yana son iska mai dumin gaske, tana iya jure zafi har zuwa + 40 ° C. A cikin hunturu, yana da kyau a samar da yanayi mai sanyaya, amma ba rage zafin jiki da ke ƙasa + 15 ° C ba.
Dankin yana buƙatar yawan yin shayarwa har ƙasa ba ta bushe gaba ɗaya. M danshi sosai wanda ba a ke so. Ya kamata iska ta yi laima (aƙalla 70%). Kuna iya sanya karar kusa da karamin kandami ko marmaro. Yi amfani da daskararren yumɓu a faranti kusa da fern.
A cikin bazara da bazara, za a iya amfani da takaddun kayan abinci na tsire-tsire don cike gurbin abubuwan gina jiki. Ana amfani dasu a cikin ruwa ruwa sau biyu a wata.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa
Yayin rayuwar davallia, wasu matsaloli na iya tasowa waɗanda suke da sauƙin shawo kan su idan kun fahimci alamun siginar:
- murguda baki da faɗuwa na ganyen kore - ƙarancin zafin jiki mai ƙarancin iska;
- yellowing da bushewa na ganye - isasshen danshi;
- bayyanar rawaya mai launin shuɗi da launin ruwan kasa akan ganye - kunar rana a jiki;
- jinkirin girma - overly m ƙasa.
Kwayar cutar parasites (aphids, ticks, tsutsotsi, fararen fata, siket, thrips) suna da amfani ga fure mai fure na ferns. Don magance kwari, ya fi kyau amfani da kwari nan da nan.
