Saintpaulia shine ɗayan tsire-tsire da aka fi so da yawan lambu. Smallananann ciyawarta an rufe su da kyawawan furanni. Kuna iya yin ingantaccen abun da ke ciki daga garesu, saboda yana da wahalar tsayawa a aji ɗaya. Uzambara violet, shi ne Saintpoly nasa ne a cikin iyalin Gesneriev. Homelandazanta isin ƙasarta ita ce gandun daji na ƙasashen Afirka, inda ta zauna kusa da magudanan ruwa da rafukan dutse. Abu ne mai sauki mu kula da Senpolia a gida, ko da ma farkon farawa zai shawo kan sa.
Bayanin Saintpaulia
Saintpaulia wani yanki ne mai cike da ciyawa wanda ke zaune akan fararen hular kwano da kuma tsaunin dutse kusa da Tanzania. Tushen bakin ciki suna cikin matattarar ƙasa na sama kuma sun sami damar manne wa kananan duwatsu. A saman ƙasa akwai gajeren furen fure. Labule yawanci 2-20 cm tsayi ne, kuma 20-40 cm a diamita.
Rounded ko ganye mai duhu ana fentin koren duhu a launi kuma ana iya rufe su da sifofin mara nauyi mara nauyi. A bayan takarda mai ruwan hoda ko inuwa mai duhu ta mamaye. Petioles da ganye na da yawa an rufe su da villi. Hanyoyin jinya sun fito fili a farfajiya a jikin ganye.
Fulawa na iya faruwa a duk shekara. A tsakiyar cikin ganye rosette, tsere tsere, kunshi furanni da yawa daga mai zagaye siffar, fure. Kowane toho yana da furanni 5 masu sauƙi ko biyu. Girman daskararren fure-fure shine 3-8 cm .. Launin su na iya bambanta sosai. 'Ya'yan itace da ke kama akwatin suna ɗauke da ƙananan ƙwayoyin elongated.
Jinsuna da iri
Akwai nau'ikan 32,000 da nau'ikan kayan ado a cikin halittar Saintpaulia. An samo wasu ne sakamakon dogon aikin kimiyya, wasu sakamakon gwaje-gwajen bazuwar da masu noman fure suka bayar.
Salamar Duchess An yi wa furannin fure furanni masu ganyayyaki masu kauri tare da furanni da manyan furanni. An lullube fararen furen furanni da filayen rasberi da furanni shuɗi.
Saintpaulia Mirror na dare. Dankin yana da ganye mai launin matsakaici-shuɗi da fure mai fure. An shirya furannin furanni masu rahusa tare da bakin iyaka kuma suna kama da manyan taurari.
Carnival na Saintpaulia. Ana san nau'in ɗan ɗumbin yawa da fure mai tsayi. Launin fure a gefen yana da launi na lilac kuma a hankali ya canza zuwa ruwan hoda mai haske.
Saintpaulia Madame Pompadour. Kyakkyawan furanni masu launin shuɗi masu duhu waɗanda ke tashi sama da girgiza ƙananan ƙananan ganye masu haske. Petals suna da wavy gefen da aka shimfiɗa ta hanyar layin zinare na bakin ciki.
Saintpaulia ne mai ban tsoro. An bambanta shuka ta hanyar harbe-harben elongated (20-50 cm) tare da maki mai yawa. Faduwa mai tushe tayiwa furanni fure.
Saintpolis mini. Groupungiyar iri da ƙananan (har zuwa 15 cm) masu girma dabam. Sama da kankanin ganyayyaki, duk wata gajimaren fure ya buɗe wanda baya bushewa tsawon lokaci.
Santa Ana Chimera. Wadannan bambance-bambancen bushes ana rarrabe su ta hanyar tsinkayar tsinkaye akan fure ko ganye. Kamar biyu tsirrai daban-daban ne gaba daya hade. Ra'ayin ya zama sananne musamman kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi tsada.
Yaduwa da Violet
Propagate violet a cikin ciyawar hanya. Don haɓaka senpolia daga tushe, kuna buƙatar zaɓar ganye mai ƙoshin lafiya kuma ku yanke yanke ƙyallen a kan petiole, barin 3-5 cm. Zai fi dacewa a yi amfani da ruwa a cikin tafasasshen ruwa. Hakanan zaka iya dasa shuka a cikin ƙasa. Ya kamata sako-sako da rigar. An binne petiole ba fiye da santimita 1.5-2 ba. An rufe seedling tare da fim, lokaci-lokaci mai iska da kuma sanyaya ƙasa. Ya kamata a sanya tukunyar a cikin ɗakin dumi (aƙalla + 20 ° C) tare da hasken da ke yaduwa. Rooting yana ɗaukar makonni 4-6.
Don tushen tushe, zaku iya yankan ba ganye guda, sai dai matakai - ƙaramin harbe tare da ganye 3-4. An rabu da mahaifiyar shuka tare da wuka da kuma kafe a cikin sphagnum gansakuka ko yashi da peat ƙasa. A lokacin tushen, yakamata a rufe shuka da jaka ko kuma gilashin gilashi kuma a canja shi zuwa wuri mai dumi tare da haske. Tsarin yana ɗaukar watanni 1-1.5.
Babban daji na senpolia tare da ganye na ganye da yawa a lokacin dasawa za'a iya raba shi da wuka mai kaifi kuma an dasa shi cikin tukwane daban-daban tare da ƙasa don tsirrai. Yawancin lokaci violet sauƙaƙe wannan hanya, amma ana bada shawara don rage yawan shayarwa a cikin weeksan makonni.
Dokokin Canje-canje
Senpolia ya fi son haske, ƙasa mai gina jiki a gida. Don samarwa da shuka damar yin amfani da abubuwan da suka zama dole, ana yin wannan daskarewa sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru 1-2 kuma suna ƙoƙarin maye gurbin wani yanki na ƙasa. Tukwane ya kamata a zabi m da fadi da isa. Ana zubar da ƙaramin magudanar ruwa a ƙasa. Ana amfani da abubuwa masu zuwa don tsara cakuda ƙasa:
- ƙasar turf
- peat;
- maganin cututtukan fata;
- takardar ƙasa;
- yashi;
- gansakuka sphagnum.
Yayi zurfin tsiro a cikin ƙasa kuma ya lalata ƙasa ba da shawarar ba.
Siffofin Kulawa
Kula da senpolia a gida abu ne mai sauki. Abin sani kawai ya zama dole a kiyaye wasu ƙa'idodi don mai laushi falle sau da yawa yana da kyawawan fure.
Haske Dankin yana buƙatar haske mai yalwataccen haske. Koyaya, haskoki kai tsaye na rana tsakar rana na iya haifar da ƙonewa akan ƙoshin lush. An ba da shawarar sanya tukwane a kan windows windows na gabas da yamma, da kan teburin a ɗakunan kudu.
Zazzabi Senpolia ta girma tana girma a cikin zafin jiki na + 20 ... + 23 ° C. Recommendedaramin violet ana bada shawarar abun ciki mai zafi (+ 23-26 ° C). Domin tsiro don haɓaka kullun, yana buƙatar samar da zazzabi na yau da kullun na 2-4 ° C.
Haushi. Saintpaulia yana son ɗakuna tare da babban zafi, saboda a cikin yanayin halitta yana zaune kusa da jikin ruwa. Ganyen dake jikin ganyayyaki baya bada izinin dasa shuka daga fesawa. Idan kuna da akwatin kifaye ko marmaro a gida, yana da kyau ku sanya senpolia kusa da shi. Dogayen riguna tare da ɗakunan leya ko ruwa kuma sun dace.
Watse. Kuna iya shayar da violet tare da ruwan famfo a zazzabi a ɗakin. Saboda ruwa ba ya tara kusa da harbe da ganye, ana bada shawarar zuwa sama. Soilasa ta bushe kawai a babba na uku, in ba haka ba inji zai fara bushewa da sauke ganye.
Taki. Ana buƙatar ciyar da Senpolia sau biyu a wata a cikin shekara. Bayan dasawa, yi hutu don makonni 4-6. Kuna iya amfani da takin mai ma'adinai don tsire-tsire na fure.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa
Mafi yawan cututtuka na yau da kullun na senpolia sune rot (tushen rot, ƙarshen blight, mildew powdery, launin toka rot). A cikin ɗakuna masu sanyi da damp, tare da tururuwa na ruwa a cikin tukunya da samun shi a tsakiyar hanyar fita, launin toka ko launin toka na iya bayyana. Idan, lokacin da aka matse, harbin ya zama mai laushi kuma yana jin ƙanshi, to, kwayar ta kamu da cutar ta fungal. Wajibi ne a yi kokarin cire duk wuraren da suka lalace, a maye gurbin kasar tare da aiwatar da maganin kashe-kashe.
Kwayoyin cuta ba su da yawa sosai a cikin senpolia. Lokaci ne kawai zaka iya samu akan ganyen mealybug ko kaska cyclamen. Ana kula da kwari tare da ƙwayoyin maganin kashe kwari.
