Gatzania (gazania) tsire-tsire ne na dangin Astrovian, asalinsu ne daga Ostiraliya da kuma Afirka ta Kudu. Suna kuma kiranta "Daisy na Afirka" ko "zinar rana tsakar rana" ta wata hanyar daban.
Bayani da fasali na gatsaniya
Haske mai kyau fure mai ado. Zai iya zama na shekara-shekara ko na shekara-shekara. Babban fa'idodi shine dacewa da dacewa da kuma daidaitawar launi. Vingauna tare da haƙuri mai ƙarfi na fari, zai iya jure wa ƙananan yanayin zafi da ƙananan sanyi mai sanyi.
Yana da daji har zuwa tsayi cm 30. An sanya alatunan Leaf a wajan fara girke-girke, ganyaye daban-daban. Ganyayyaki masu duhu kore ne da launin toka mai kauri, mashaya daga ƙasa. An nuna siffar furannin, ana zanen su a launuka daban-daban: ja, launin ruwan kasa-rawaya, ruwan lemo, launin ruwan hoda na zinariya, ruwan hoda.
Wani fasali shine kasancewar duhu duhu kusa da zuciyar. 'Ya'yan itacen shine gurfanar dasu tare da karamin crest.
Shahararrun nau'ikan gazania
Yawancin nau'ikan shi an san su, mafi shahararrun ana ba su a cikin tebur.
| Digiri | Launi da girman fure (cm), wanin |
| Ampelic | Haske mai haske, 2.5-4. Ganyayyaki sune fa'idar azurfa. |
| Harsh (Shiny) | Orange, Rawaya mai rawaya, 4-8. Kusa da zuciyar, filayen suna da duhu aibobi. |
| Linear (Longshot ko Potsy) | Fari, lemo, rawaya, har zuwa 8. Petals suna da daɗewa. |
| Krebs (Peacock) | Ja mai duhu, lemo mai duhu mai duhu a farkon fararen halittun. Short tare da tsarin tushen rauni. |
| Damuwa | Fari, shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, rasberi, lemo, 7-10. Cold jurewa. |
Gatzania yaduwa
Ana aiwatar da wannan tsari ta hanyar ƙwaya da tsaba.
Farfagandar ta yanke
Yanke yana farawa a tsakiyar bazara, amma ba a baya ba, kamar yadda mahaifiyar shuka ta shirya - foaging tare da ganye, mai tushe. Don fara farawa, an zaɓi ɗanɗanar fure wanda yake a gefe kuma a yanke shi a hankali, tsawon kuma ya kamata ya zama aƙalla cm 10. Kirnevin yana sarrafa wuri (hanyar da ke haɓaka ci gaba). Sakamakon itacen an sanya shi a cikin ƙaramin akwati tare da ƙasa mai laushi.
Ya kamata a kiyaye zafin jiki a cikin dakin + 18 ° C, a guji hasken rana kai tsaye, gumi don kiyaye 60%. Watering ya kamata a yi akai-akai, hana bushewa fita. Bayan watanni 1.5-2, zai ɗauki tushe sosai sannan kuma zaku iya tura shi zuwa titin (lokaci mafi kyau shine bazara).
Gatzania namowa daga tsaba
Tare da wannan hanyar, ana shuka seedlings a ƙarƙashin rufin, sannan a canza shi zuwa titi. Dasa tsaba a farko a cikin ƙasa ba shi da tushe, tunda za su yi ƙaruwa da sannu a hankali, kuma seedlings suna tsoron yanayin sanyi.
Seeding for seedlings
Dole ne a zaba lokacin shuka dangane da yanayin damina. Mafi dacewa shine tsakiyar Maris-Afrilu. Don namo, yana da kyau a yi amfani da akwatuna masu zurfi tare da ƙasa mai kyau tare da pH na 7.
Kulawar seedling
Ana shuka tsaba ba da izini ko tazara ba, amma tare da tazara na 2-3 cm Bayan wannan, ana yayyafa su da yashi ko guga man da kuma ba da ruwa. Sa'an nan kuma an rufe kwantena na ƙasa tare da polyethylene ko gilashi kuma an sanya shi a cikin ɗakin mai haske mai zafi tare da zazzabi na +20 ° C (ba ƙasa ba).
Seedlings bukatar iska na yau da kullun da kuma cire tattara condensate. Bayan makonni biyu, tsaba zasu yi girma.
Ruwa kuma shirya don saukowa a cikin ƙasa bude
Idan aka dasa shuki a cikin ƙaramin akwati, to, bayan samuwar sabon ganye (aƙalla uku), ana watsa shi cikin tukunya daban tare da ƙasa daga peat da humus, wato, ana yin matse ruwa. Idan kun yi amfani da manyan kwantena, to, zaku iya yi ba tare da ita ba.
Bayan haka, an canza alamun fito zuwa ɗakin da ke da + 12 ... +16 ° C, alal misali, zuwa baranda, inda a hankali suka taurara, suka shirya rayuwa a waje da gidan.
Ginin waje da kulawa
Sun fara dasawa daga 15 ga Mayu zuwa 15 ga Yuni. Idan kayi wannan a baya, zaku iya samun matsaloli tare da ƙarin ci gaba. Gara a zabi wurin da yake rana.
Babu wani zaɓi na musamman game da ƙasa, Abinda kawai shine shine mafi kyawun amfani da ƙasa mai gina jiki.
Canza shuka da tsiro seedlings zuwa gado mai filawa an fi yin shi da ƙasa wanda ya yi girma don guje wa lalacewar tushen sa. Ana shuka 'yan ƙwaya tare da tazara tsakanin 20-25 cm. Ana iya tsammanin bayyanar inflorescences a cikin watanni 3-4.
Gatzania na waje
Tsakar rana na zinariya yana son hasken rana, ƙasa mai kyau drained da zafi. Zai sauƙaƙa tsira da ƙananan sanyi (-5 ... -7 ° C). Idan babu ruwan sama na dogon lokaci, yakamata a tabbatar da ingantaccen ban ruwa. Gabaɗaya, ana shayar da shuka sau 2-3 a wata tare da mahimmancin kwance ƙasa da cirewar ciyawa.
Isowar sababbin buds zai taimaka ga pruning na wilted inflorescences. Ciyarwa ma zai zama da amfani, musamman idan ƙasa da ta tsiro ba ta da abubuwan gina jiki da ake buƙata. Domin samun kyawawan “leda” kana buƙatar ciyar da su da tsari sau ɗaya a wata.
Cin nasara
Lokacin girma gazania azaman amfanin gona na shekara bayan ya gama tono, an tattara ragowar gonar a ƙone ta. Koyaya, zaku iya barin zuwa wani shekara. Don yin wannan, zaɓi bushes wanda bai yi fure ba, a hankali cire su daga ƙasa kuma sanya su a cikin akwati da aka shirya kuma bar su a cikin daki mai zafin jiki na + 8 ... + 10 ° C da kyakkyawar fitila. Watering ya zama da wuya, amma kar a ƙyale ƙasar ta bushe. A cikin bazara suna yin sauko da kayan tattarawa a kan titi, suna rage kara sau biyu.
Girma gidan
Zaiyi kyau sosai akan windowsill a cikin dakin. Abinda kawai ke buƙata shine haske. Ya kamata ya kasance mai yawa.
A lokacin rani, yana da kyau a motsa furen zuwa loggia.
Cutar da kwari
Yawancin nau'ikan tsire-tsire suna da tsayayya sosai ga cututtukan fata da cututtuka. Koyaya, aphids, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, katantanwa na lambun, da micro-fungi galibi ana kai hari. Don kare daga kwari, ana amfani da maganin kashe kwari na musamman. Tsawo tsawon lokaci rashin alamu alamar rashin daidaituwa.
Girma da kulawa da tara abinci na bukatar wasu ilimin, amma mallake su ba abu mai wahala bane.
