Yarinya itace yana daya daga cikin hanyoyi mafi sauki kuma ingantattu na yaduwar 'ya'yan inabi, yana mai sauqin samun babban kayan kayan shuka. Magana game da simplean sauki dokoki, girma inabi daga cuttings yana da kyau har ma ga ƙwararrun masu fara lambu lambu.
A ina kuma abin da inabi za a iya girma daga cuttings
A cikin inabi, yan itace kusan dukkanin iri suna da sauƙi kafe. Koyaya, don yankin viticulture na kudu a cikin wuraren da ke yaduwar ƙwayar rigakafin ƙwayar cuta - phylloxera (tushen itacen innahids), yana da kyau a shuka iri na musamman phylloxera mai juriya akan asalinsu. Wadannan sun hada da:
- Kasar Moldova
- A ƙwaƙwalwar Negrul,
- Alfa
- Aurora Magaracha,
- An fari na Magarach da sauransu.
Classical gargajiya Turai innabi iri suna da sauri shafi phylloxera, magance a cikinsu ba a kan ganye, amma a kan tushen ƙasa, inda kwaro ne kusan yiwuwa a hallaka ba tare da lalata shuka da kanta. Bushes ya shafa nan da nan mutu daga Rotring na tushen tsarin. An rarraba Phyloxera a yawancin ƙasashen Turai da Rum, a cikin Crimea, a cikin Caucasus (ciki har da a cikin filayen Krasnodar da Stavropol), a Yankin Rostov, a Ukraine da Moldova. A cikin wadannan yankuna, tsoffin nau'ikan Turai suna girma ne kawai akan hannun jari na musamman da ke iya jure phylloxera.
Phyloxera - mafi hatsarin keɓe masu ciwo na kudanci
Babu phylloxera a Belarus, tsakiyar Rasha, yankin Moscow, yankin Volga, Kazakhstan, Urals da Siberia, kuma inabi kowane nau'i iri-iri da suka dace da damina ta hunturu, ana iya samun sauƙin girkewa da ɗanɗano. Haka kuma, tushen mallakar al'adun inabin ya fi dacewa a nan - irin waɗannan tsire-tsire sun fi sauƙi don murmurewa daga tushen da aka kiyaye bayan daskarewa sassan m a cikin hunturu mai zafi.
Yaushe kuma yadda ake girbin innabi domin dasa shuki
Mafi kyawun lokacin girbi innabi shine kaka bayan harbe ya huda, farawa a watan Oktoba kuma kafin farawar sanyi mai sanyi. A lokacin bazara, wannan ba a so ne saboda babban yuwuwar cewa harbe za su daskarewa ko bushe a lokacin hunturu.
A aikace na, akwai yanayi daya lokacin da muka sami nasarar yin nasara a cikin sanyi kuma bayan an dasa shuki, an dasa tushen kurangar inabi lafiya, duk lokacin sanyi yana kwance a ƙasa ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. Amma yayan 'yan hunturu ne na gida-Hardy iri-iri marasa rufewa, kuma hunturu yanada sauki sosai harma a zazzabi.
A cikin bazara, an zaɓi matanan ruwan inabi na inabari don yankan ƙwaya. Yakamata su kasance da kyau (tare da farfajiyar haushi mai launin shuɗi), kore akan yanke kuma suna da kauri kusan cm 1 Yawancin lokaci ana yanke itace daga 30 zuwa 70 cm tsayi, yana yanke yanka 3-4 cm daga koda kuma cire duk ganye.
'Ya'yan innabi sun girbe a kaka bayan ripening na itacen inabi
Idan an yi niyyar cutarwa na tsawon lokacin ajiya ko sufuri a kan nesa, ana iya tsoma su nan da nan bayan yankan cikin paraffin ruwa don rage asarar danshi (kafin yayyafa da dasa shuki, dole ne a sabunta ƙananan yankan don peranin su iya ɗaukar ruwa).
Autumn dasa na innabi cuttings a cikin m wuri
A cikin yanayin Ukraine da kuma kudancin Rasha, dasa shuki na kaka wanda aka yanke yanzun nan zuwa wurin dindindin ya fi dacewa. Kawai suna manne da ƙarshen ƙarshen zuwa ƙasa mai taushi kuma ta shayar. Endarshen ƙarshen riƙewa ya kamata ya kasance a cikin zurfin kusan 0.5 m, kuma ƙananan koda kawai ya rage sama da ƙasa.
Don dasa shuki, an yanyan itace madaidaici wanda za'a iya dasa a kusurwa.
Bidiyo: dasa shuki na kaka da innabi
A yankin mu na Volga na Tsakiya, dasa shuki na kaka kai tsaye zuwa wuri na dindindin a gonar yawanci yakan zama babban nasara ga irin ire-iren ruwan sanyi da ke fitowa daga 'ya'yan inabin.
A Belarus da kuma yankuna na kudanci na tsakiyar Rasha, dasa shuki na kaka na nau'in innabi-arewacin furanni shima zai yiwu. Don ƙarin abin dogaro na hunturu a saman ƙarshen harba, zaku iya zuba tulun tudu tare da tsayin 20-30 cm, wanda zai buƙaci a cire shi a hankali lokacin bazara bayan ya ɓoye ƙasa.
Yanke nau'in innabi na kudu a Yankin Moscow da yankuna masu kama da yanayi tare da ɗan gajeren bazara, da kowane nau'in innabi a cikin Urals da Siberiya, ana tsabtace don hunturu.
Lokacin hunturu na girbin innabi
A gida, ya fi sauƙi don adana itace a cikin firiji na talakawa a zazzabi na 1-3 ° C, sanya su a cikin jakar filastik. A yanayin zafi mafi girma, akwai hadarin kamuwa da farjin koda. Kuna iya ajiye cuttings a cikin ginshiki ko cellar a cikin kwalin tare da ɗanɗano danye ko yashi. Yana da kyau a bincika su lokaci-lokaci don daidaita yanayin zafin jiki da yanayin zafi idan ya cancanta. Ya kamata a cire ciyawar cikin sauri ba daga cikin shagon ba kuma a sa a kan tushen.
Dasa dasa innabi a bazara
Shuka ta bazara a cikin yankan ƙasa ba tare da Tushen mai yiwuwa ba ne kawai a cikin yankuna na kudanci tare da dogon lokacin bazara da lokacin bazara, kodayake yafi sauki kuma mafi saurin dasa irin waɗannan yankan a fall nan da nan zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa. A cikin yanayin Yankin Moscow, Urals, da Siberiya, waɗanda aka shuka ba tare da tushen kai tsaye ba a cikin gonar ba su da lokaci don ɗaukar tushen isasshe a cikin fall kuma yawancin lokuta daskarewa a lokacin hunturu na farko. Sabili da haka, a cikin yankuna tare da gajeren lokacin bazara da matsanancin winters, ana girma yankuna a gaba a cikin greenhouse ko kawai a cikin daki a kan windowsill kafin dasa.
Germination of cuttings a gida
Ga Yankin Moscow, mafi kyawun lokacin don fara shuki na dasa shuki na innabi ya fara a ƙarshen Fabrairu - farkon Maris. Don fara yan lambu yana da kyau a ɗauki cuttings tare da uku ko aƙalla biyu buds (idanu) don wannan.
Tushen ƙwayar ido ɗaya mai ido ɗaya yana da wadataccen wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki mai yiwuwa tare da ƙananan na'urar dumama (zaku iya amfani da batirin dumama) tare da kyakkyawan iska (kullun buɗe windows na iska), saboda tushen zai bayyana a baya fiye da harbe daga bambancin zafin jiki.
Fasaha na preplant seedlings na cuttings:
- Yi hankali da bincika peranan da aka cire daga cikin cellar ko firiji, sabunta sashin oblique game da santimita a ƙasa da ƙodan ƙodan. Kyakkyawan zangarniya mai tsayi a kan yanke yakamata ya kasance sabo da kore. Dauke da yawa (launin ruwan kasa da brittle) ko ɓarna na itace don dasa ba su dace ba.
- Yanke ƙananan ƙwayar hannun (makafi) don harbin zai iya fitowa ne kawai daga ƙodan babba.
Yankan shiri: sabunta yankan, makantar da ƙarancin koda, ɗan daɗa wuya da wuƙa
- A cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren abin rikewa, a hankali ku ɓoye oan tsummoki mai tsayi tare da wuka mai kaifi don kyakkyawan tushe.
- Jiƙa da cuttings na rana a cikin tsabtataccen ruwa a dakin da zazzabi don mayar da danshi reserves a cikin su.
- Kuna iya kula da ganyen tare da tushen kara kuzari bisa ga umarnin miyagun ƙwayoyi.
- Sanya sandunan tare da ƙananan ƙarshen su (5 cm) a cikin akwati tare da karamin adadin ruwa.
Hanya mafi sauki don tsiro itace a cikin gilashi tare da ruwa kadan
- Sanya kwandon a kan taga mai haske mai haske sill kuma kar a manta a kula da matakin ruwan, lokaci-lokaci yana kara dashi yayin da yake bushewa. Tsarin tushen aiki mafi girma cikin yankan yakan faru ne a cikin dubawa tsakanin ruwa da iska.
Tushen Tushen yana faruwa a iyakar ruwa da iska
Bidiyo: tsirowar innabi a ruwa
Dasa tsirowar tsiro a cikin kwalba
Algorithm na ayyuka:
- Da zaran kananan Tushen (1-3 cm) suka bayyana a cikin sandunan da ke tsaye a cikin ruwa, wajibi ne don watsa su cikin ƙasa. Tushen da ya fi tsayi lokaci yakan fashe yayin dasawa.
Bayan Tushen ya bayyana, dole ne a sake dasa ganyen daga gwangwani na ruwa zuwa kasa
- Don dasa shuki, kowane ƙasa da aka yi shirye don shuka da tsire-tsire na cikin gida tare da acidity a cikin kewayon 6.0-7.5 ko cakuda gida da aka yi da humus na ganye tare da yashi mai cike da ruwa-ruwa mai laushi. Mafi ƙarancin ƙasar ga kowane itace shine lita 0.5 (amma mafi kyau daga lita 1 ko fiye).
Zai dace don amfani da kwalayen filastik masu tsini don dasawa, a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren abin da ya wajaba don daskarar da ramuka da yawa don magudana ruwa mai yawa.
Zai dace don shuka seedlings daga yankuna a cikin kofuna waɗanda filastik ko yanke kwalabe
- Ya kamata a dasa furanni a kan tagogin da ke cike da lit ko kuma a cikin zazzage mai cike da zazzabi sama da 15 ° C.
Rooting cuttings ya kamata a kiyaye a kan wani haske windowsill
- Bayan dasa, ya kamata a shayar da peran a kai a kai, yana hana bushewar ƙasa.
Ya kamata a shayar da dasa shuki dasa a kai a kai
Dasa girma cuttings a kan m wuri a cikin lambu
Yana yiwuwa a dasa tushen kafe a cikin gonar a cikin wani wuri na dindindin bayan ƙarshen lokacin sanyi (ga kewayen birni wannan ƙarshen Mayu ne - farkon watan Yuni). Don yin wannan:
- Kusa da tallafin da aka riga aka shigar (hanya mafi sauƙi don gina trellis daga wayar da aka shimfiɗa tsakanin tashoshin), kuna buƙatar tono ramin rami tare da zurfin 0.5 m da diamita na kusan 40 cm.The nisa tsakanin rami mai kusa shine 1.5 m.
Don dasa innabi, tono ramuka tare da zurfin 0.5 m da diamita na 40 cm
- A kasan ramin, sanya sapling tare da ƙammar murɗa, yayyafa tare da ƙasa mai haɗi tare da ƙari humus kuma zuba ruwa mai yawa (1 guga na ruwa a kowace shuka).
- Idan tsire-tsire masu ƙanana kaɗan, cikawa na karshe na ramuka dasa tare da ƙasa yana gudana ne a hankali lokacin bazara yayin da harbe ke girma.
- Yana da kyau a rufe tsire-tsire da aka shuka tare da agrofibre don kare daga rana kai tsaye da kuma yiwuwar sanyi na bazata, musamman a farkon dasa.
Bidiyo: dasa shuki da ya girma a gonar
Kula da dasa itacen innabi
A lokacin bazara, ana yanyanka ƙasa a gonar inabin matsewar inabin. A cikin lokacin zafi, busassun rani, ana buƙatar shayarwa sau 1-2 a mako, guga 1 na ruwa ga kowace shuka. Haɓaka harbe yayin da suke girma suna ɗaure zuwa trellis. Idan a farkon shekarar buds ya bayyana akan tsire-tsire, yana da kyau ka yanke su kai tsaye don kada su tsoma baki tare da ci gaban tushen sa.
Formeda'idodin fure da aka kirkira a farkon shekarar sun fi kyau a yanke don kada su raunana ƙananan tsire-tsire
A cikin kaka, dole ne a cire 'ya'yan inabi inabi daga cikin goyon bayan su, an aza shi a ƙasa kuma an rufe shi don hunturu daidai da tsananin hunturu na wani nau'in yanayi. Daga shekara ta biyu bayan dasa shuki - kula kamar talakawa gonar inabinsa.
Yaduwar inabi ta bazara kore cuttings
Inabi za a iya yanka a lokacin bazara.
Abun kallo na ido ɗaya-da-ido ana amfani dashi lokacin yaduwar sababbin kyawawan iri
Yin amfani da ido-ido ɗaya (tare da toho guda ɗaya) kore mai kore yana ba da mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa na kayan dasa daga shuka ɗaya, wanda yake da muhimmanci musamman don yaduwar sababbin nau'ikan kyawawan abubuwa.
Babban kuskuren kore kore shine buƙatar shirya farkon wintering na seedlings da aka samu ta wannan hanyar a cikin ginshiki ko greenhouse. Sabili da haka, tushen kore kore ya fi dacewa nan da nan a cikin kofuna, waɗanda suke da sauƙin canja wuri zuwa wurin da ya dace ba tare da tayar da tushen ba tare da ƙarin dasawa.
Kasuwanci na dasa shuki daya-idanu kore:
- Zabi lafiya, kore-kore kore harbe na yanzu shekara no kasa da fensir lokacin farin ciki. Bayan yankan, nan da nan sanya su cikin guga na ruwa. Wannan zai fi kyau a yanayin girgije.
Don yanke, harbe tare da kauri ba ƙasa da fensir ba
- Daga harbe da aka zaɓa, yanke yankan tare da kumburi ɗaya. Babban yanka ya kamata ya zama 1-2 cm sama da kulli, ƙananan ya kamata ya zama 3-4 cm a ƙasa tare da kulli.
- Yanke manyan ganyayyaki a kan yanke a cikin rabin don rage ƙafewar ruwa. Ya kasance iyayen yaran (kananan harbe a gindi daga ganye) ya kamata a barsu gaba ɗaya.
Lokacin tattara manyan ganyayyaki, a yanka su a rabi; bar ƙananan hanzari a gindin ganyen gaba ɗaya
- Sanya murfin tare da ƙananan ƙarshen a cikin kofuna tare da cakuda ƙasa mai laushi da ƙari tare da yashi har ya sa tushe na ganye yana a matakin ƙasa. Zuba ruwa.
Rooting kore cuttings ne mafi alh inri a cikin mutum kofuna
- Sanya kofuna tare da yankan a cikin greenhouse tare da zazzabi na 20-25 ° C. Idan yana wurin da yake cikin rana, gilashinsa yakamata a kara haske kafin ya kare shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
- A kasar gona daga cikin cuttings ya kamata kullum m. Bayan makonni 2, Tushen zai bayyana, kuma bayan wani mako, girma na sababbin harbe zai fara.
Saplings daga kore kore sunyi ƙanana, don haka a farkon hunturu ana tsabtace su a cikin ɗakin ƙasa ko greenhouse
- Tushen da aka dasa ya kamata ya ciyar da hunturu na farko a cikin wani shinge ko ƙasa, kuma a cikin bazara na shekara mai zuwa ana iya dasa su a cikin lambu a cikin dindindin.
Bidiyo: yaduwar inabi mai launin kore
Nasiha
Babban abu shine cewa basu cika birgewa ba. Tare da lokacin farin ciki cuttings, seedlings koyaushe suna da ƙarfi.
Aboki//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=6133&page=2
Na kasance ina yin innabi na tsawon shekaru 4, Na kasance ina yanka shi a lokacin rani, kore kore yana yankewa da sauri kuma ba tare da matsaloli ba, da damina ya riga ya zama karamin shuka.
Marisha//www.tomat-pomidor.com/newforum/index.php?topic=1793.0
Mafi kyawun lokacin don aiki tare da yanke a cikin layin tsakiyar shine Fabrairu-Maris. Farkon saurin sa a kan ɗan gajeren hasken rana ba ya ba da nasara (ciyayi masu rauni).
Yakimov//dacha.wcb.ru/lofiversion/index.php?t16373.html
Shuka 'ya'yan itacen marmari masu ɗanɗano daga ganyen yana da sauƙi, idan kun san kuma ku bi wasu ƙa'idodi masu sauƙi don yaduwar wannan amfanin gona. Musamman alamar alamar ita ce bunƙasar tushen inabi daga yankuna na arewacin yankin na viticulture, inda babu phylloxera yana ba ku damar yin ba tare da hannun jari na musamman ba.
