Azimina wata itaciya ce mai 'ya'yan itace daga dangin Annon. Mahaifarsa ta asali ita ce Arewacin Amurka, musamman jihohin Nebraska, Texas da Florida. Kodayake tsire-tsire yayi kama da tsire-tsire masu zafi kuma yana ba da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ƙanshi mai daɗi, yana iya jure sanyi har zuwa -30 ° C. Ya kamata 'yan lambu na cikin gida su mai da hankali ga wannan itace mai ban mamaki domin ya bambanta tsararrun tsirran' ya'yan itace. A cikin mutane, ana iya samun paw-paw a ƙarƙashin sunayen "Nebraska banana", "banana banana", "banana banana". Ya isa yin la'akari da rulesan ka'idoji masu sauƙi don kulawa da pawpaw shekaru da yawa zasu faranta mai shi.
Halayen Botanical
Azimina shuka ne mai lalacewa sosai. Yana ɗaukar kamannin itacen ko itace mai tsayi. Matsakaicin matsakaici shine 4-5 m, kodayake akwai samfurori masu yawa zuwa 15 m. Matasa rassan suna da yawa pubescent tare da dogon tari, wanda sannu-sannu da dama a kashe. Bayan shekara guda, saƙar ta zama mai santsi kuma ta sami launi mai ruwan zaitun. Bayan 'yan shekaru daga baya, da haushi ya juya launin toka kuma an rufe shi da wartan girma.
A farkon bazara, an rufe rassan da furanni masu launin shuɗi-launin shuɗi, manyan ganyayyaki masu launin fata suna haɓaka daga gare su. Tsawon farantin ganye na obovate shine 12-30 cm, kuma nisa shine 4.5-12 cm.Duk koren duhu mai duhu yana da kaifin gefuna da ƙarshen ƙoshinsa. A bayansa akwai fitsari mai launin shuɗi. A cikin kaka, cikin ganyayyaki sauke da hasken rawaya tint.
A watan Afrilu-Mayu, kafin ganyen ya bayyana, furanni masu ban mamaki suna fure akan azimine. Single buds a takaice, shaggy pedicels yayi kama da karrarawa. Girman dansandan corolla shine cm 4,5. Ya ƙunshi filayen launin ruwan wuta guda shida-burgundy. Tsarin gabbai na jijiyoyin jiki suna ganuwa a duk faɗin ƙasa. -Aƙƙarfan da ke kan layi ya ƙunshi stamens da pistil da yawa, ana fentin launin rawaya. A lokacin fure, ƙanshi mai rauni amma mara dadi tana rufe azimin. Yana jan hankalin kwari, sune asalin pollinators na shuka.
Bayan fure, 'ya'yan itaciyar' ya'yan itace 2-8 sun girma a maimakon kowane toho. 'Ya'yan itacen da ke daɗaɗɗɗu sun kai 5-16 cm a tsayi kuma 3-7 cm nisa.Firman sa ya kai daga 20 g zuwa 0.5 kilogiram. A karkashin fata mai launin rawaya mai launin rawaya-rawaya shine jiki. Ya ƙunshi manyan dozin, tsaba masu laushi tare da fata mai launin shuɗi.
Nau'in pawpaw
Halin halittar pawpaw ya hada da nau'ikan tsire-tsire 10. Koyaya, ɗayansu ke horarwa a Rasha - Uku-biyu pawpaw (triloba). Bishiyar itace mai tsaurin sanyi mai tsananin sanyi tare da rawanin pyramidal mai girma yana girma 5-8 a tsayi. Rassan sun rufe manyan ganyen ovate ganye. Tsawonsu na iya zama har zuwa 35 cm kuma faɗin har zuwa cm 12. upperasan gefen ganye yana da dusar ƙanƙara, ƙananan kuma yana da matukar farin ciki tare da tari mai launin shuɗi. Manyan rassa suna girma a kan rassa da shekaru 1. 'Ya'yan itãcen sun girma a ƙarshen Satumba.
Azimine dwarfish ne. Itace mai yaduwa har zuwa tsayi cm 120. An rufe rassan da doguwar ganye, obovate. A ƙarƙashin ɗan fure akwai furanni masu launin shuɗi tare da diamita na har zuwa 2 cm.
Pawpaw Incana (gwanda marau). Shuka mai rarrafe tare da rawanin siririn kambi. Tsawonta ba ya ƙare cm 150. Takaitaccen ganye tare da ƙarshen zagaye yana da launi mai haske koren launi. Bar da furanni fure a ƙarshen Maris. Farar fata ko mai laushi suna zaune a ƙarƙashin ɓarnar. 'Ya'yan itãcen sun girma cikin Yuli-Agusta.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Ana haifar da haihuwar azimins ta hanyar tsaba ko kuma tushen tafiyar matakai. Seedlings suna da farko girma daga tsaba. Kafin shuka, an shuka kayan iri ta hanyar sanya shi a cikin firiji don watanni 3-4. Don dasa shuki amfani da kananan kwalaye da yashi da peat ƙasa. Ana binne ƙwayar sunflower ta 2-3 cm, an shayar da shi kuma an bar shi a wuri mai haske, mai dumama (+ 20 ° C). Harbe yana bayyana babu matsala bayan makonni bakwai. Kuna iya shuka tsaba kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude. Tsaba da aka shuka a watan Oktoba yawanci yakan fito a tsakiyar bazara mai zuwa. A cikin shekarar farko, ana bada shawarar shuka bishiyoyi a cikin ciyawar kuma kawai don kakar ta gaba ta dasawa cikin gonar. Ana sa ran hurawa da 'ya'yan itace a cikin shekaru 5-6.
Tushen pawpaw na iya harbi. Don yin wannan, a tsakiyar bazara, ya isa a raba rabo daga rhizome dake kusa da farfajiya kuma dasa shi a cikin ƙasa buɗe. An sanya tushen a sararin samaniya a cikin ƙasa, zuwa zurfin 3-5 cm A cikin wata guda, farkon harbe ya bayyana kuma ana iya dasa ƙwayar zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa.
Itace grafting
Yin haifuwa da haɓakar plantsan tsire-tsire yana da ɗan jinkiri. Don samun itacen fure da sauri, yi amfani da hanyar alurar riga kafi. Allurar kuma tana taimakawa wajen girma iri daban-daban. A farkon watan Maris, ana yin abin rufe fuska a kan hannun jari zuwa zurfin kusan cm 1.5. An saka ƙarshen ɗamarar tarar a ciki. Yana da mahimmanci don cimma daidaituwa na shimfidar cambial. Filin rigakafin an lullube shi da fim, kuma an cire ƙananan harbe a kan rootstock.
Inoculation yana faruwa ne a cikin kwanaki 12-16, sa'ilin kuma nunannun ukun suka fara toho kan sabon harbin. Ba za a iya kwance bangon ba, amma an cire shi gaba daya bayan watanni 1-1.5.
Kula da tsiro
Abu ne mai sauki mu kula da azimine. Tana buƙatar wuri mai haske. A cikin yankuna na kudanci, zaku iya dasa bishiyoyi a cikin inuwa m don kare gaba da tsananin zafi. Mafi kyawun tsawon lokacin rani shine awanni 14-16 kuma mafi ƙarancin sa'o'i 4 a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye.
A kasar gona domin dasa ya zama m da sako-sako. Kuna iya shuka shuka a ƙasa mai nauyi, amma ku samar da magudanar ruwa mai kyau. Kafin sauka a kasan ramin, ana zuba matsanancin tsakuwa da yashi. Bugu da ƙari, ƙasa ta gauraya da ash da takin.
Dasawa tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire fiye da shekaru 3 ba a so. Tsarin tushen tushe yana lalacewa cikin sauƙi. Dole ne a tabbatar da tazara tsakanin m 3 a tsakanin bishiyoyi .. Bayan an dasa shuki, an dasa ƙasa ta zana tare da peat.
Pawpaw za a iya girma a matsayin al'adun tukunya. A cikin bazara, ana fitar dashi zuwa titi, inda shuka tayi har zuwa ƙarshen kaka. Dasawa ne da za'ayi kamar yadda ya cancanta ta Hanyar jingina daga cikin laka kosai.
Don pawpaw, yana da kyau a zabi wuraren da ba su da iska. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga tsire-tsire matasa. A cikin shekarar farko har ma suna gina shinge na musamman daga abubuwan da aka zayyana.
Azimina tana son ruwa, ana girma a yankuna inda ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya kasance akalla 800 mm. A cikin fari, inji yana buƙatar yin ruwa na yau da kullun, amma ba za a yarda da tsinkayen ruwa a cikin ƙasa ba. A cikin faduwa, sannu a hankali aka lalata ruwa. A lokacin sanyi, tsiron ya gamsu da ruwan sama na halitta. A cikin bazara, Tushen zai iya fama da matsanancin danshi bayan dusar ƙanƙara.
Tun daga watan Afrilu, ana bada shawarar azimin don takin. Ma'adinai (phosphorus, nitrogen) ko Organic (silt, rotted taki) ana saka kayan miya a kowane wata a ƙarƙashin tushen.
Azimine mai fitsari guda uku mai-sanyi sanyi-har zuwa -25 ... -30 ° C. Ba ta buƙatar tsari, amma fure-fure na iya daskarewa a lokacin lokacin sanyi. Dankin yana buƙatar tsawon hutawa. Don makonni 2-3 a shekara, yawan zafin jiki na iska kada ya wuce + 5 ... + 10 ° C.
A cikin bazara, kafin a fara kwarara ruwan itace, ana bada shawarar pruning. Hanyar ta wajaba don cire rassan da suka lalace kuma suka samar da kambi.
Pawpaw yana da tsayayya da cututtukan shuka. Sai kawai tare da m Stagnation na ruwa a cikin ƙasa da dampness za a iya fungal cututtuka. Karin kwari a kan itacen ba su tsayawa, saboda haka ba za ku damu da amincin 'ya'yan itatuwa da ganyayyaki ba.
Amfani
Ana bambanta bishiyoyi ta hanyar siriri, kambi mai yawa, wanda ke canza launi yayin lambar. A cikin bazara, an dasa tsire-tsire tare da manyan furanni sabon abu. A lokacin rani, tana haske da manyan koren ganye mai duhu, kuma a cikin bazara ta sami launi mai launi na zinariya.
'Ya'yan itacen pawpaw suna da arziki a cikin amino acid, abubuwan ganowa, bitamin, sugars. Ana amfani dasu don ƙarfafa rigakafi, cire gubobi da mayar da narkewar hanji. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa wasu kayan abinci na 'ya'yan itacen suna hana haɓakar ƙwayoyin cutar kansa. Magunguna suna taimaka rage koda wadancan hanyoyin wadanda basu da hankali ga aikin kwantar da hankali. Tun da yake an adana 'ya'yan itatuwa sabo ne kawai don' yan kwanaki, suna yin jam, jam, compotes, 'ya'yan itatuwa candied.
Ana amfani da tsaba na shuka a matsayin ingantaccen tsarin halittar ƙasa. An nace musu game da barasa, sannan a dauki su kamar yadda ya cancanta. Decoaukar ganye shine ingantaccen diuretic.
