Kirkazon - itacen lignified ko ciyawar ciyawa tare da kyawawan ganye. Ana amfani dashi sau da yawa don tsaftacewar tsauraran wurare a tsaye. Abubuwan magani na kirkazon kuma sune sanannu. A cikin kwatancin zaku iya samun shuka iri ɗaya a ƙarƙashin sunayen "aristolochia", "mace a cikin haihuwa", "camphor" ko "ciyawar zazzabi". Kabilar Kirkozon ce. Asalin tsirrai suna da dadaddu har ya zuwa yanzu tun kafin a raba ƙasa zuwa nahiyoyi. Saboda haka, ana samun nau'ikan iri daban-daban a cikin duniya. Mafi sau da yawa, kirkazona suna zaune a cikin yankuna na wurare masu zafi da ƙasashe na Afirka, Australia, Asiya da Latin Amurka.
Bayanin Shuka
Kirkazon ne mai ciyawar ciyawa. Tana da rhizome mai kauri, wacce take da ƙasa daga doron ƙasa. Rage harbe mai rauni a hankali yana girma 8-14 a tsayi. A cikin ƙananan ɓangaren, lignified mai tushe yayi girma a tsaye. A lokacin da yake karami, an rufe su da wani farin koren mai launin ruwan kasa-kore, wanda sannu a hankali ya juya launin ruwan kasa da fashewa. Upperangare na itacen inabi shine mafi sassauƙa kuma an rufe shi da tari.
Ganyen kirkazon suna da kyau sosai. Babban fatar zuciya, mai siffar dabino, ko kiba mai siffa-fenti ana fentin su a cikin koren haske ko kore mai haske. A kan giram ɗin, ganye yana rufe da ɗan gajeren villi. Tsawon farantin ganye shine cm 5-30. Ganyen sun daɗe mai tsayi kuma an shirya gaba. Suna samar da murfin kore mai ci gaba, suna samun madaidaicin haske yayin rana.
Lokacin fure a cikin kircasone yana faruwa a watan Mayu-Oktoba, ya danganta da nau'in. Ya kai tsawon kwanaki 20. Axillary furanni suna girma sau ɗaya ko kuma a cikin rukuni na takwas zuwa 8. Suna da fasalin da ba a saba gani ba. Kabura masu launin suna kama jakan, saxophones ko gramophones. Kwayoyin suna shiga cikinsu. Tunda kirkazon ana yinsa ne ta hanyar ƙurajewa, furanni suna fitar da ƙanshi mara lalacewa. Launin furannin na iya zama ja, launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi. Fulawa yana farawa yana da shekaru 5.
Bayan pollination, rataye iri kwalaye na taso keya ko oblong siffan ripen. A karkashin fata na bakin ciki suna da yawa tsaba. Akwatin da aka buɗe aka buɗe akan nasa, ire-iren tsirrai na fita daga ciki ko shimfidawa a cikin iska.
Iri Kircasone
A cikin duniya akwai kusan nau'ikan aristolochia 200. A cikin sararin Rasha kawai 7 daga cikinsu suna girma. Mafi na kowa:
Kirkkazon talakawa (lomonosovidny). Babban itacen inabi tare da ciyawa mai tsayi har zuwa 15 m tsayi an bambanta shi da manyan kayan ganye na ovate tare da laushi mara nauyi. Ganyayyaki ya ƙare da bakin haske. A ƙarshen Mayu, ƙananan jugs na furanni, fentin launin shuɗi, suna fitowa akan shuka. A watan Yuli, 'ya'yan itãcen sun girma a cikin nau'i na m na mai siffar zobe, kama da dada pumpkins ko kankana.
Aristolochia babban-leaved. Itace itaciya ce. Youngaƙƙarfan haushi a kai mai laushi ne, ciyawa kore. A tsawon shekaru, yakan fashe kuma ya sami haske launin haske. Ganyayyaki masu haske-kore mai haske mai haske suna girma zuwa 30 cm a diamita. A wani ɗayan harbe, ganye na iya bambanta da launi, suna ba Liana launi mai mosaic. A cikin kaka, sauran kore, ganye suna bushe. Flowering yana farawa a watan Yuni, furanni tubular rawaya-mai launin shuɗi, mai kama da ƙananan jugs, fure a cikin axils na ganye. Bayan pollination, oblong iri capsules girma. Koyaya, fruiting kusan bai taɓa faruwa ba saboda rashin pollinators na halitta.
Circason Manchu. Ruwan Liana mai lalatacce yana rufe da manyan koren ganye kore. A kan furannin ganye, glandan da suke tashi daga kamshin turare suke. Girman ganyayyakin ya kai cm 30. Flow yana faruwa ne daga farkon Mayu, lokacin da furanni masu launin fata-launin ruwan kasa-fure-fure suka yi yaushi a kan kumburin. Autumn yellowed ganye fada a kashe.
Kirkazon ya ji. Danshi mai hauhawar kwari mai girma yana tsawan girma zuwa mita 10 a tsayi.Yanyenta da ganyenta suna cike da dattin da take ji. Fentin na fenti mai haske maras launi mai launi. Rukunan ganye masu ban mamaki waɗanda ke girma a cm cm tsawon 15 A farkon Yuni, furanni masu launin rawaya masu launin shuɗi suna fure tsawon 3.5 cm.
Circason kyakkyawa ne. Liana da kyawawan ganye-mai siffa zuciya suna bambanta ta manyan furanni. Ganyen suna nan gaba ɗaya ko cikin adadin 4-6 a cikin ƙwayoyin ganyayyaki. Tsawon bututun mai wrinkled ya fi 10 cm, kuma faɗin nisansa ya kai cm 8. A waje, ana fentin corolla cikin launi cream, kuma daga ciki an rufe ta da raga na jan launin shuɗi. Yankunan furanni iri-iri a Yuli kuma suna da farin ciki tare da corollas waɗanda ba a saba ba har sai Satumba.
Kiwo
Kodayake kirkazon ba cikakkiyar fassara bane yayin tafiya, haifuwarsa tana buƙatar ƙoƙari. Kircasone yana yaduwa ta zuriya da tsire-tsire (keɓaɓɓu, yan itace, rarraba daji) hanyoyin. Mafi dacewa ga mai son mai son shine hanyar dasa layering. Ya isa ya haƙo ɗan itacen inabin ya faɗa cikin ƙasa ya murƙushe shi. A wannan yanayin, saman cortex dole ne a ɗan taɓa fuska. Tushen yana da tabbas, amma tsarin zai dauki lokaci mai yawa. Harshen shekaru biyu kawai na iya rabuwa da cigaba mai zaman kansa.
A cikin yankuna na kudanci, ana amfani da hanyar dasa tushen cutarwa yadda ya kamata. A cikin bazara, kafin budding, an yanke harbe kuma an kafe a cikin bude ƙasa. Ana kuma amfani da ganyen kaka. Recommendedaramin sashi ya bada shawarar a sarrafa shi da "Kornevin". Rooting ne yake aikata a cikin rigar yashi ko a sako-sako da ƙasa na gina jiki. Dole ne a sanyaya shi akai-akai. Watan farko, ana sa ababen a ƙarƙashin wata matattara ta rufe kuma murfin don hunturu musamman a hankali. A ƙasa ne mulched tare da lokacin farin ciki Layer na peat. Lokaci na gaba, zaku iya tura kirkazona matasa zuwa wuri mai dorewa.
Wasu nau'in kurangar inabi suna samar da matakai na yau da kullun. A cikin bazara za a iya haƙa su dasa shi daban. Kulawa da harbe-harbe ba wani bambanci bane.
Don shuka kirkazon daga tsaba, ana yin amfanin gona a cikin ƙasa a cikin ƙasa. An rarraba tsaba masu kyau, masu girma a cikin rijiyoyin har zuwa zurfin 3 cm. An yayyafa shi da ƙasa kuma an yayyafa shi da takin. Otsan buɗe ido suna bayyana a watan Afrilu-Mayu, a cikin shekarar farko tsiro ya girma 20-50 cm kawai, amma rhizome yana haɓakawa da sauri. An shirya dasa shuki daga tsiro zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa yana da shekaru 2-3.
Shuka shuka
Kircasone seedlings fi son sako-sako da m ƙasa. A kan kasa mai nauyi ko ƙasa mai nauyi, tono rami mai zurfi (50-60 cm). Ana yin layin rufewa a ƙasa, kuma sararin samaniya yana cike da takin, humus, yashi, peat da ƙasa mai turfy. Kirkazon ba shi da ƙaranci akan ƙasa na acidic, sabili da haka, ba za'a iya amfani da katako mai laushi ba. Saboda wannan dalili, ana yin takin daga bishiyoyi masu lalacewa.
Yana da mahimmanci a kula da nesa tsakanin tsirrai. Tunda siffofin kirkazon suna harbe har ilayau, nisan dake tsakanin thean yanan yakamata ya zama akalla 0.8-1 m.
Dokokin Kulawa
Aristolochia fi son bude ƙasa ba tare da zana ba. Mafi kyawun tsire-tsire suna haɓaka a cikin inuwa m. A cikin hasken rana kai tsaye, sun yi muni a lalacewa, kuma ganyayyaki sukan rasa mafi ƙarancin iska. An ba da shawarar dasa kirkason kusa da gawar ruwa da kuma bankunan kogin. Itace tana son ruwa da zafi sosai. Lokacin yin ruwa, ana zubar da ruwa duka a cikin ƙasa da kan kambi. A cikin yanayin zafi mai zurfi, daji yana haɓaka da kyau. Yin wanka da yayyafa lokaci-lokaci zai iya shuka amfanin ne kawai.
Zaku iya kawar da ciyawa tare da taimakon weeding da kwance ƙasa. Don haka zaka iya lalata ɓawon burodi bayan shayarwa da sauƙaƙe shigar azzakari cikin iska daga tushen sa. Ba a buƙatar ƙoƙari mai yawa, kawai ku kwance saman 5-8 cm na duniya.
A lokacin rani, sau ɗaya a wata, ana ciyar da kirkazon tare da takin gargajiya. Ana amfani da mafita ga ƙasa a tushen, sannan an zuba wani yanki na ruwa mai tsabta. Don haka takin mai magani ba zai ƙone harbe ba.
A cikin bazara da bazara, ci gaban yau da kullun na harbe ya kai 25 cm, don haka dole ne a girbe itacen a kai a kai. A farkon bazara, an cire harbe da bushe harbe, in ba haka ba tallafin zai iya fuskantar jimrewa mai yawa. Kafin hunturu, thermophilic da kirkazons matasa suna buƙatar tsari mai kyau. Isasa an rufe shi da ganyayyaki da suka faɗi da rassa. An cire tsire gaba daya daga tallafi ko an rufe shi tsaye tare da kayan da ba a saka ba.
A cikin yalwar ciyawa mai yawa ko kuma tare da yawan wuce gona da iri, tushen da ganyen kirkazon suna fama da mildew powdery daskararre. Shashasha kayan maye da magani na kashe kai kawai zaiyi tsirar da shuka. Daga cikin cututtukan fata, mafi cutarwa sune ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo. Insectswararrun kwari da ke zaune a cikin ganyayyaki suna ciyar da tsiro na tsiro. Shafa ruwa a kai a kai tare da tsaftataccen ruwa yana taimakawa hana kamuwa da cuta. Idan an gano kwari, ana kula dasu da maganin kashe kwari.
Kirkazon a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi
Babban farin liana yana samar da kullun ci gaba, wanda a ƙarƙashin shi yake kwance wani shinge mara nauyi ko shinge. Tare da taimakon kircasone tare da manyan ganye ƙirƙirar arches, corridors, kazalika da ado arbor. Dankin ya sami damar samar da inuwa mai kauri wanda a ciki zaka iya kwana a rana mai zafi. Kircasone ya kasance aƙalla shekaru 30, a hankali yana ƙaruwa da girmansa, adon wurin da kuma tsarkake iska kusa da gidan.
Warkar da kaddarorin
Duk sassan kircazone, kuma musamman ganye da harbe, suna da wadataccen abinci a cikin acid, resins da mahimman mai. Shirye-shiryen tsire-tsire suna da rigakafin kumburi, diaphoretic, disinfecting, analgesic da raunukan warkarwa mai rauni. A cikin magungunan mutane, ana amfani da kayan ado da infusions tare da kirkazon don rage karfin jini, haɓaka aikin koda, da kuma yaƙar cututtuka. Compressing tare da ruwan 'ya'yan itace shuka taimakawa wajen jimre da tafasasshen, itchy fata, warkar da purulent raunuka da kuma sauƙaƙa da hanya ta azaba.
Tare da duk tabbatattun kaddarorin, kirkazon na iya zama haɗari. Amfani da yawa ko rashin amfani na yau da kullun yana haifar da haifar da ƙari a cikin kodan da kuma ci gaban hanta. Mai rashin lafiyan abu mai yiwuwa ne sakamakon tuntuɓar shuka. Saboda waɗannan dalilai, ana yin magani tare da kirkazon ne kawai bayan cikakken tattaunawa da likita.
