Cymbidium wata itaciya ce mai tsinkaye daga dangin Orchidaceae. Yana girma a cikin gandun daji mai ban tsoro na Australia da Asiya. An yi noma cymbidiums sama da shekaru 2000. A Jafana da China, ana girma iri da yawa a cikin gidaje da lambuna saboda kyawawan furanni da ƙanshi mai ban sha'awa. Tabbas, kula da orchid ba za a kira shi mai sauƙi ba, amma masaniyar ba ta da wuya. Yawancin lokaci, lambu suna jin tsoron shuka orchid na farko. Sau da yawa, gabaɗaya nau'ikan nau'ikan tsire-tsire suna bayyana bayan shi.
Bayanin Botanical
Cymbidium bishiyar epiphytic ce ko lithophytic shuka. An samo shi a kan snags da kuma rassan manyan bishiyoyi, da kuma a cikin duwatsun kankara a tsawan tsafin kilomita 2 sama da matakin teku. Tushen cymbidium yayi kama da fatun fararen fata, waɗanda ake buƙata don gyarawa fiye da abinci mai gina jiki. Suna girma daga ƙarshen ɓatancin ɓatancen ruɓi. Wannan shine sunan don lokacin farin ciki na ɓangaren ƙananan gangar jikin, wanda ruwa da abubuwan gina jiki ke tarawa.
Abubuwan da ba a iya warewa 1-15 cm tsayi suna da faɗi sosai, suna da launin kore kuma suna nannade cikin ganyayyaki. Sau da yawa ana haɗa haɗin tsire-tsire ta hanyar gajeren kwance mai tushe, samar da ƙungiyar mai yawa. Ganyayyaki masu haske masu layi-mai haske suna ƙare tare da m ko gefen zagaye. Ganyayyen fata mai laushi tare da laushi mai laushi tsawon cm 30 zuwa 90. Rosette ganye ɗaya yana ɗaukar shekaru uku, bayan haka a hankali yakan bushe ya mutu, yana ba da wayan ƙaramin ganye.
Fulawa daga cyberidiums yakan faru ne daga watan Fabrairu zuwa Mayu kuma zai ɗauki tsawon wata guda. Daga tsakiyar ganyen rosette yana haɓaka farar fata, farar fata mai tsayi har zuwa tsawon m 1.5. Aaukar daɗaɗɗen buroshi mai fulawa yana ɗaukar samansa, wanda aka tattara furanni masu ƙanshi 5-30 tare da daskararren kakin zuma mai laushi. Girma da kamannin furanni na iya bambanta sosai dangane da iri da iri. Girman dansandan da aka bude ya zama cm 5-12. Gabaɗaya, inflorescence yana rayuwa har zuwa makonni 8-10. Lokacin da duk furanni suka buɗe, ana iya yanke shi. A cikin kayan ado, cymbidium yana jin daɗi.
Ana iya fentin dabbobi a fari, cream, rawaya, ruwan hoda, purple, Scarlet ko launin ruwan kasa. Braaƙƙarfan takalmin dutsen dakalar madaidaiciya ko m yadudduka suna kewaye da lebe mai matsakaicin matsakaici tare da daddaɗan launuka da farar fari ko shuɗi. A cikin yanayin gida, pollination da fruiting ba ya faruwa.
Shahararren ra'ayoyi
Cymbidium orchid yana wakiltar kusan nau'ikan 50. Baya ga su, akwai nau'ikan halittu da yawa na halitta da nau'ikan kayan ado. Zasu iya bambanta cikin girma, launi da ganye da furanni, da kuma ƙanshin da aka karɓa.
Cymbidium dwarf. Cikakken epiphyte yana da alamun da ba za a iya jera su ba har tsawon cm 3. Tsawonsu bai wuce 20 cm ba kuma faɗin 2 cm. Kafaffen furanni, bakin ciki mai ɗaukar hoto yakai kimanin 20 cm mai launin shuɗi tare da diamita na 8-10 cm.Pals na launin ja-kasa-kasa ana ɗaure ta da fizirin rawaya. A tsakiyar shine lebe mai fari mai launin fata tare da ƙananan aibobi masu launin shuɗi.
Cymbidium sananne ne. Itace kasa ko lemo mai fure da ke tsiro mai yaduwa mai girma zuwa 70 cm tsayi kuma tsawon cm 3 cm 6. Tsakakakken faren kafa ya girma daga 50-80 cm. A cikin sashinsu na sama akwai furucin tsere mai launin furanni tare da furanni 10-15 tare da diamita na 7-9 cm. An saka takalmin katako mai launin fari ko launin ruwan hoda mai haske. An rufe leɓenta mai shuɗewa tare da ratsin launin shuɗi mai haske da dige.
Rana Cymbidium. Itace mai epiphytic tare da kunkuntar ganye mai haske mai tsayi da tsayi, tsalle-tsalle, na bakin ciki, wanda yakai 5-15 kananan furanni tare da nisan fure 5 cm akan doguwar fararen furanni a tsakiyar akwai fitila mai haske mai haske. Wani ƙaramin farin leɓen fari yana lanƙwasa a waje.
Giant Cymbidium. Ofaya daga cikin tsirrai mafi girma na tsiro ba girma kwararan fitila sama har zuwa tsayi cm 15. Suna nannade cikin layuka da yawa na ganyen scaly. Farin layi na layi-layi-lanceolate tare da nuna alama yana tsiro 60 cm tsayi kuma tsawon cm 3. Masaka, daɗaɗɗun fuloti a gindi suna ɓoye ta hanyar ganye, a saman filonsu a cikin goge mara faɗi kusan 60 cm tsayi, furanni 10-15 sun cika hankali. Budsasasshen buds tare da diamita na 10-12 cm kunshi kunkuntar maraƙi mai launin shuɗi, mai cike da sutturar launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. A lemu mai kirim mai launin shuɗi mara aibi ne mai launin shuɗi.
Sauro Cymbidium. Tsarin ya tsiro akan kan dutse da ƙasa. Tedan ƙananan ƙananan layin ganye ana fentin koren duhu. A watan Fabrairu-Afrilu, m inflorescences fure a kan wani peduncle 15-65 cm tsawo. A daya inflorescence akwai furanni 3-9 tare da diamita na har zuwa 5 cm.Light yellowals an rufe da burgundy veins, da lebe kore a tsakiyar sashi yana da lokacin farin ciki duhu ja tsarin.
Cymbidium aloe. Wani karamin ƙwayar epiphytic mai har zuwa 30 cm tsayi, godiya ga ƙungiyar pseudobulbs mai yawa, tana samar da daji mai faɗi. Furanni masu ɗorawa waɗanda aka kafa a ɗakin kwana mai tsalle zuwa faɗin 40 cm. Furanni masu launin shuɗi tare da diamita har zuwa 4.5 cm an rufe su da tsarin da yawa a kan ɓangaren tsakiya. Yawo yana faruwa daga Janairu zuwa Yuni.
Cymbidium farar fata launin shuɗi ne. Alpine iri-iri ne na kowa a cikin Himalayas. Orchid ya kafa daji mai tsayi tare da ganye mai fadi da kuma shinge. Furanni masu kamshi suna girma zuwa 7.5 cm a diamita. Kewaye da dusar ƙanƙara-fari ko maɓallin ɗamara mai tsami, akwai babban lebe mai faɗi wanda ke ɗauke da ƙaramin rawaya mai launin toka akan fitila.
Yaɗuwar cymbidium
Girma cymbidium daga tsaba, kamar kowane orchid, yana da wuya. Ana buƙatar kayan aiki na musamman, yanayin bakararre da kuma al'adar tsakiyar wata takamaiman acidity. Sau da yawa tsaba ƙarancin kariya ta endosperm germinate kawai a cikin symbiosis tare da fungi. Seedlings na bukatar kulawa akai-akai da takamaiman yanayin tsarewa.
Zai fi sauƙi don yaduwar cymbidium vegetatively, ta rarrabe pseudobulb yayin dasawa. An cire shuka daga tukunya kuma Tushen an sami 'yanci gabaɗaya. Ran wasan rhizome da ke kan ganuwar sau da yawa suna yin shinge kuma suna samar da ƙwallon mai yawa. Dole ne a yi ƙoƙari don rarraba shi. Tare da kaifi, ingataccen ruwa, bushe bushe da wuraren lalacewa an cire su. Hakanan itace tsakanin pseudobulbs shima an yanka. A kowane rarrabuwa, aƙalla harbe harbe 2-3 ya kamata ya kasance. An yanke wurin yankan shi da gawayi da aka dasa shi kuma aka dasa shi a cikin tukwane da ingantaccen kara.
Ana sa lingsalingsan lingsan itace a cikin zafi mai tsayi kuma ana fesa su a kai a kai, amma ba za ku iya shayar da su ba har sai matasa suka fito. Ya kamata iska ta kasance cikin iska lokacin + tushen + 20 ... + 28 ° C. Hakanan wajibi ne don samar da wutar lantarki mai yaduwa mai yawa.
Siffofin Juyawa
Hanyar juyawa abu ne mai matukar raɗaɗi ga shuka, don haka ana aiwatar da shi sauƙin wuya. Idan daji ya girma cikin hanzari kuma rhizomes sun cika tukunya (kusan sau ɗaya kowace shekara 3-4), ana buƙatar juyawa. Ba shi yiwuwa a ɗauki kwandon "don girma" kai tsaye. Cakuda ƙasa don cymbidium yana cikin abubuwan da aka haɗa:
- yankakken Pine haushi;
- peat rotted;
- ƙwayar sphagnum;
- yashi;
- guda na gawayi.
An rufe ƙarshen tukunyar tukunya. Idan an sami kwararan fitila da asalinsu, an yanke su a hankali kuma a bi da su da ƙwayoyin carbon ko kirkin ƙasa. Dasa pseudobulb yana haifar da zurfin iri ɗaya. Bayan dasawa, ba a shayar da shuka tsawon kwanaki. A cikin waɗannan shekarun lokacin da ba a shirya dasawa ba, kawai an maye gurbin ɓangaren sashin na sama.
Kulawar Gida
Don cymbidium ba kawai don haɓaka ba, har ma don yin fure a kai a kai, ya wajaba don tabbatar da yanayin mafi kyau na tsarewa.
Haske Wannan asalin halittar orchids hoto ne mai matukar daukar hoto, amma baya jure hasken rana kai tsaye. A cikin hunturu, ana iya sanya cymbidiums akan windowsill, kuma idan ya cancanta, yi amfani da phytolamps. A lokacin rani, ana sanya tsire-tsire a bayan ɗakin kuma inuwa daga hasken rana. Increasearin haɓaka da raguwa a cikin tsawon lokacin awoyi na hasken rana ya kamata ya faru a hankali, in ba haka ba orchid zai dakatar da fure kuma ya rasa wasu ganyayyaki.
Zazzabi Cymbidium fi son abin da ke ciki mai dumin hankali. Yana jin mafi kyawun + 18 ... + 22 ° C. A cikin hunturu, an kyale sanyi zuwa + 15 ... + 18 ° C a lokacin kuma har zuwa + 12 ° C da dare. A cikin yanayin sanyi, inji zai mutu. A lokacin rani, zafi sama da + 27 ... + 30 ° C yakan cika furen. A kowane lokaci na shekara, ya kamata ku gwada tabbatar da canjin zafin rana kullun tsakanin 3-4 ° C.
Haushi. Orchids yana buƙatar samar da zafi mai zafi a cikin shekara. A cikin hunturu, za a buƙaci ƙarin humidifiers don rama sakamakon tasirin kayan ɗumi. Ana yaba fesa ruwa a kai a kai. Tukwane zai fi sanya kusa da aquariums, kananan marmaro ko trays tare da rigar kumbura lãka. Don fesa ruwa, yi amfani da ruwa mai tsafta. Yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar cewa kar a tattara a saukad kan furanni da ganyayyaki. A lokacin bazara, ana ɗaukar tsire-tsire zuwa cikin iska mai tsabta don tabbatar da yanayin zafi mafi kyau da zafin jiki na iska.
Watse. Cymbidium na ruwa ya zama dole kamar yadda saman ƙasa yake bushewa. Tare da haske mai ɗorewa da abun cikin dumi, ana yin shayarwa sau 1-2 a mako. Wajibi ne a sami daidaituwa a tsakanin cakudawar ruwa a cikin cakuda ƙasa da kuma bushewar bushewar abubuwa. Don ban ruwa amfani da tsarkake ruwa mai dumi. Mintuna 15-20 bayan aikin, ana cire ruwa daga kwanon.
Takin A duk shekara, ana ciyar da cymbidium kowane wata tare da ma'adinan ma'adinai don orchids. Lokacin girma sabon ganye, an fi son abun cikin tare da babban abun ciki na nitrogen. Kafin fure, nitrogen yana ƙaruwa kuma yana haɓaka potassium. Kai tsaye yayin fure, an dakatar da kayan miya. Maganin yana zuba a cikin ƙasa bayan sharar ruwa na al'ada.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa
Wasu lokuta masu noman fure suna fuskantar gaskiyar cewa cymbidium baya fure. Dalilin wannan na iya zama yawan zafin jiki sama sosai. Ya kamata a rage zuwa + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Hakan yana da mahimmanci a samar da sanyaya dare a 4-5 ° C. Domin kada ya yi ƙoƙari da yawa don ƙirƙirar tsarin zazzabi mai mahimmanci, a cikin bazara da lokacin rani ana ɗaukar furanni a waje zuwa wani wuri mai kariya daga abubuwan da aka tsara da hazo.
Lokacin da aka ajiye shi a cikin daki mai sanyi ko ruwa mai ƙura a cikin ƙasa, cymbidium yana fama da lalacewa. Bayyanan wuraren bayyana Musa a jikin ganye yana nuna wata kwayar cuta. Hakanan kumburin ganyayyaki na iya haɓaka, wanda yake bayyana ta ƙoshin ma'ana a cikin farantin ganye. Zai kusan yiwuwa a ceci tsire-tsire da abin ya shafa. A farkon matakin cutar, datsa sassan da suka lalace, magani na kashe-kashe da dasawa wani lokaci yana taimakawa. Tabbatar don daidaita yanayin tsarewa.
Lokaci-lokaci, furanni gizo-gizo, kwari aphids, da kwari kwari. A wannan yanayin, yakamata a gudanar da magani na kwaya.
