Deytsia itace kyakkyawar fure mai kyau ta fure daga dangin Hortensian. A yanayi, ana iya samunsa a Meziko, kazalika a Japan da China. Shuke-shuke tare da siriri a tsaye ko fiye yada kambi yadda ya kamata kore yankin. A cikin bazara da bazara, an rufe su da furanni na dogon lokaci, wanda aka kira aikin "Tsarin Gabas." Deytsiya cikakke ne ga shuka guda ɗaya a gonar, ƙirƙirar shinge ko tsara yankin nishaɗi kusa da arbor da benen. Yana da wuya a kula da shuka. Tare da ƙaramin ƙoƙari, yana jin daɗin ɗanɗanar ciyayi da furanni masu ƙoshin gaske, don haka ya zama karɓar kyauta ga yawancin lambu.
Bayanin Shuka
Deytsiya tsintsiya madaidaiciya itace wacce take da tsayi 0,5-4. Tsawon rayuwarta kusan shekara 25 ne kuma shekara tana yin kara zuwa shekara 25 a tsayi. Dankin ya fi son zama a kan busassun ƙasa a cikin farin daji ko a gangara na ƙananan tuddai.
Rhizome na aikin hade nau'in. Ya haɗu da tafiyar matakai tsawon sanda na 1-2 waɗanda ke zagaye da fibrous Tushen a cikin ɓangaren babba. An rufe mai tushe mai tushe tare da ruwan duhu mai laushi mai laushi. Akan tsoffin rassan, an toshe bakin murhun faranti wanda, kamar beraye, rataye daga rassan. Wannan ba alamar kowace cuta ba ce. A cikin rassan suna m, saboda haka ba su da ƙarfi kuma suna da sauƙin karya daga nauyin.
A harbe an rufe da gaban petiole m ko ovoid ganye. Santsi mai santsi, tsayayyen ganye na launin koren launi mai haske yana da yanayin sauƙin da aka ambata na jijiyoyi da gefunan da aka kawo. A cikin kaka, ganye ya zama launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi.
A ƙarshen bazara, lush, tseren fure ya fara girma a harbe a shekarar da ta gabata. Sun ƙunshi ƙananan furanni na bisexual tare da diamita na 1-2 cm Kowane corolla yana da tsinkaye sau biyu da furanni 5 masu ban sha'awa. Babban abinda ya kunshi dogayen almara da kwai ne. Akwai iri iri tare da furanni masu sauƙi da maraba. An sanya furen su a fararen fata, ruwan hoda, shunayya ko launi rasberi. Wasu furanni suna da launi iri biyu tare da maɓallin banbanci.
Flow yana zuwa watanni biyu, yana haɗe da kusan ƙanshin mai daɗin ƙanshi. A tsawon lokaci, a maimakon furanni da ke ruɓewa, akwatunan zuriya masu yaduwa. Ripening, su da kansu crack da saki mafi ƙarancin tsaba. Wasu nau'ikan kayan adon bakararre ne kuma maiyuwa baza a ɗaure su da itace ba.
Yawan nau'ikan iri
Dangane da rarrabuwar ƙasa da ƙasa, asalin aiwatar da aiki ya haɗa da nau'ikan 72. Wasu daga cikin nau'ikan suna da mashahuri musamman.
Aikin yayi tsauri ne. Itataccen tsiro mai tsayi har zuwa 2,5 m babban tsiro na bakin ciki wanda ke gangara zuwa ƙasa. Tsohon tsohuwar haushi ya bayyana a kansu. Otsan buɗe ido an rufe shi da ganyen ovu petiole tare da ramin elongated na bakin ciki. Girman ganyayyakinsa shine 3-8 cm, gajeren gajerun gashin gashi suna kan danshi. Shuka shuka ta tsakiyar watan Yuni tare da kananan fararen furanni da aka tattara a cikin goge na sako har zuwa tsawon cm 12.
- Terry - ya yi fure mai kyau furanni biyu mai launi biyu, daskararren waje suna da launin ruwan hoda, ciki kuma akwai fararen dusar ƙanƙara;
- Vaterara - furanni masu fure a waje ana fentin su a cikin launi carmine, kuma a ciki suna da fari;
- Farin-fari - duhu kore ganye rufe da kananan farin aibobi.
Aikin alheri ne. Shuke-shuke suna zaune a kan tsaunin dutsen na Japan. Tsarin fure 50-150 cm yana da kambi mai zagaye tare da rassa, na bakin ciki. Ana zana ganyen da aka nuna masu daɗaɗɗen launuka masu haske. Tsawon su shine cm 6. A ƙarshen Yuli, an cika daji da furanni masu sauƙi, ana tattara su cikin goge da yawa 9-15 cm tsayi.
Hybrid mataki. Wannan rukuni na tsire-tsire suna hada da kayan haɗin intrapecific. Mafi ban sha'awa a cikinsu:
- Strawberry Glade (filayen Strawberry). Itace mai fure mai tsayi har zuwa 1.5 m high an rufe shi da duhu kore ganye. A watan Yuni-Yuli, manyan furanni masu ruwan hoda fure.
- Aikin yayi kyau. Itace siririn mai haushi har zuwa 2.5 m high ya ƙunshi raunika harbe harbe an rufe shi da ruwan hoda mai duhu ko duhu. Sama da elongated duhu kore ganye, manyan biyu furanni furanni Bloom a watan Yuli. An tattara su a cikin panicle inflorescences har zuwa 10 cm tsayi.
- Aikin ruwan hoda ne. Itace mai tsayi, mai yaduwa har zuwa 2.5 m ba ga tsayi an rufe ta da duhu kore m-m ganye, wanda ke juya rawaya-ja a kaka. A watan Yuni-Yuli, furanni mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi.
- Pom na ruwan hoda. Smallan ƙarami amma yaduwa iri tare da rassan da aka lanƙasa ƙasa ko'ina cikin bazara an yalwata da manyan furanni ruwan hoda da fararen furanni. Suna kama da karrarawa masu fadi. A ƙarƙashin furanni akwai shuɗi mai duhu mai duhu na shuɗi ko siffar elongated.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Deytsiya ya yadu ta iri da tsire-tsire. Ana shuka tsaba a gaban hunturu kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude. A lokacin bazara, farkon tsiron ya bayyana. Kula da su iri daya ne da na saura mai shuka. A cikin hunturu, ya zama dole don ƙarin rufe seedlings a hankali tare da kayan da ba a saka ba da rassan spruce, kamar yadda suke da matukar damuwa ga sanyi. Aikin blooms 3 bayan shuka. Hanyar ba ta da mashahuri, saboda yawancin nau'ikan kayan ado ba sa fitar da tsaba mai yiwuwa.
Mafi sau da yawa, aikin yana yaduwa ta hanyar itace. Yanke kore 20-25 cm tsayi an yanka a farkon watan Yuni. Nan da nan bayan yankan, ana cire ƙananan ganye kuma ana ajiye harbe a cikin maganin Kornevin. Dasafawa ana yinsu a cikin kwantena tare da yashi da ƙasan peat wanda aka haɗe da humus. An jika shi kuma ya zurfafa ta da rassan a wani kusurwa na 5-10 mm. An rufe filaye tare da m tafiya da kuma sanya a waje. Kamar yadda tushen ke faruwa, ana cire shinge, amma don hunturu ana shigo da tsire-tsire a cikin kore don kare daga sanyi. Lokaci mai zuwa suna shirin dasawa zuwa cikin bude ƙasa.
Lokacin da aka yada shi ta hanyar yanke lignified, rassan 15-20 cm tsayi ana yanke su a ƙarshen kaka. An ɗaure su a cikin ƙananan faffadu, yafa masa yashi kuma a adana shi a cikin sanyi mai sanyi har sai lokacin bazara. A watan Maris-Afrilu, ana shuka itace a cikin ƙasa a buɗe a wani kusurwa kuma an rufe shi da fim. Lokacin da tushen ya bayyana kuma buds suka fara toho, an cire tsari.
Kuna iya amfani da hanyar rufewa. Endingarfafa ƙananan harbe zuwa ƙasa, an yayyafa shi da ƙasa. Domin tushen yayi sauri, zaku iya amfani da mayu da yawa ga haushi. Bazara mai zuwa, an yanke tushen da aka shuka daga mahaifiyar shuka kuma an dasa shi zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa.
Saukowa da kulawa
A cikin ƙasa buɗe, ana dasa aikin daga Afrilu zuwa Yuni. A gare ta, an zaɓi wuraren da ke da haske ba tare da isharar ƙarfi daga iska ba. Bushes suna jin tsoron zayyana. Yana da kyau idan inuwa ta sauka akan daji da tsakar rana. Shouldasa ta zama mai gina jiki da mai-ruwa sosai, amma ba ta bushe sosai ba. Kafin dasawa, an haƙa ƙasa kuma an gabatar da peat, takin da humus. Clayasasshen yumɓu masu nauyi da yawa suna ƙara yashi. Ac acid dole ne ya kasance tsaka tsaki ko ɗan ɗan acidic; an ƙara ruwan lemun tsami zuwa ƙasa na acidic.
An haƙa rami na dasawa daidai gwargwado ga rhizome na seedling. Depthoƙarin zurfinsa shine kusan cm 50. An zubar dutsen da yashi a ƙasa. Yada tushen kuma cika sararin fanko tare da cakuda ƙasa. Dole ne tushen wuyan ya zauna a farfajiya. A cikin shuka rukuni, nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire ya kamata ya zama mita 2.5. Haka ya kamata ya kasance har sai kowane gini. Bayan an dasa, ƙasa ta yi rauni kuma ta shayar. Yana da kyau a nan da nan ciyawa farfajiya tare da peat.
Watse. Matasa tsirrai suna buƙatar shayarwa na yau da kullun. Yayin da suke girma, haƙurin haƙuri yana ƙaruwa. Idan babu ruwan sama, ana zubar da guga na mako-mako a ƙarƙashin daji. Bayan ruwa, ana bada shawara don sakin ƙasa. Tun daga kaka, an rage ban ruwa, shirya tsire-tsire don hunturu.
Taki. A cikin bazara a karkashin kowane daji yin wani bayani da takin, ash kuma rotted taki. A lokacin furanni, ana yin takin tare da ma'adinin ma'adinai sau biyu. Ba a buƙatar takin zamani.
Mai jan tsami. Don ba daji tsari, ana yin pruning. Shuka ta yarda da wannan hanyar sosai. A cikin bazara, an cire rassa mai bushe da bushe. Cire har zuwa 25% na ciyayi. Lokacin da furanni ya ƙare, zaku iya cire wasu harbe matasa da tsoffin rassan don thinning. A cikin bazara, ana yin matakala da kashe matasa harbe. Idan kun cire rassan bara, zaku iya rasa fure a cikin shekara mai zuwa.
Sabuwa. Za a iya sake yin tsofaffin bushes a kowane shekara 5-8. Don yin wannan, yanke duk sassan ƙasa a cikin fall, barin ƙananan kututture kawai. A watan Mayu, matasa harbe zasu bayyana, ci gaban wanda kuma yana buƙatar sarrafawa. Fulawa bayan sabuwa yana faruwa a cikin shekaru 2-3.
Cin nasara. Deytsiya fi son mai tsananin sanyi kuma yana iya jure ƙananan sanyi kawai. Idan zazzabi ta sauka zuwa -20 ° C, duka zazzage ɗin zasu iya daskare. Bushesarancin bushes suna ƙoƙarin lanƙwasa wuya a cikin ƙasa, tare da rufe kayan da ba a saka ba, rassan spruce da busassun ganye. Bayan an watsa su zuwa tsayi na 15 cm 15. Yayin da dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗi, ana jefa ta saman daji. Irin wannan murfin yana zama kyakkyawan kariya ga sanyi. Tsohon tsayayyun rassan suna da sauƙin karya, don haka an ɗaure su a tsaye kuma an ɗora su. Daga sama, an rufe shuka da lutrasil. A watan Afrilu, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗo, za'a iya cire tsari kuma dusar ƙanƙara ta bazu daga gangar jikin domin kada bushes ɗin suyi jujjuyawa yayin ambaliya.
Cutar da kwari. Deytsia yana da tsayayya da cututtukan shuka. Daga cikin inzaka, kwari da kuma katako mai haske kore hari. Suna ciyarwa a kan ciyawar mai kyau ta shuka. Insecticides (Karbofos, Decis, Lepidotsid-BTU) suna taimakawa wajen magance cututtukan kwari.
Aiki a gonar
Kyawawan katako masu kyan gani, waɗanda aka lullube su da fararen furanni masu ruwan hoda, ana amfani da su a cikin tsiron guda ɗaya ko cikin rukuni - a cikin shinge. Dwarf iri daban-daban sun dace da masu amfani da bakin ciki da kuma nunin faifai. Tall, an dasa shukar daji a kusa da gazebos ko kusa da gidan a matsayin tsararren solo shuka. Deytsiya ya tafi lafiya tare da tsirrai masu tsayi da conifers (rhododendron, terry kerriya).
