Haworthia wata itaciya ce mai wuce gona da iri daga dangin Asphodel. Her rosettes tare da fleshy ganye na wani sabon abu siffar ne na ado, don haka haworthia ya daɗe da samun shahara a matsayin houseplant. Halittar yana da nau'i mai yawa. Kowane tsire-tsire suna da bambanci sosai da juna, saboda haka sau da yawa lambu suna shirya ƙaramin lambu. Suna amfani da poppies haworthia da sauran tsirrai masu kwari. Haihuwar Haworthia Afirka ta Kudu ce. Mafi yawa daga yankuna hamada. Ana iya samun shuka a kan tsaunukan yashi, daɗaɗɗun dutse da kuma tsakanin ciyawar ciyawar ciyawa.
Bayanin Botanical
Haworthia itaciyar itace mai maye. A cikin yanayi na cikin gida, tsayinsa ya kai cm 5-15. A yanayi, tsoffin kwanduna na iya girma zuwa 1 m a tsayi. Haka kuma, girma shekara-shekara yayi kadan, kuma daya shuka zai iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20. Sannan a hankali ake maye gurbinsa da yara. Rosettes na kunshe da ganyayyaki masu launin furenda da ke kusa da ƙasa. Kawai wani lokacin haworthia yana da tushe mai tsabta.
Ganyen da aka rufe da ƙananan tsiren tsiro ko naƙasasshen laushi na siriya yana da sifofi mai tsare tare da ƙarshen nuna ko ƙarshen zagaye. Ganyen yana fentin haske koren kore, koren duhu ko mai haske. Ana samun nau'ikan launuka daban-daban tare da launin ruwan kasa, launin shuɗi ko na azurfa. A karkashin fata na bakin ciki, wani lokacin m fata, mai nama mai ɓoye yana ɓoye. Yana amfani da tara ruwa. Haworthia rosettes na ci gaba da zama dunƙule ko sarƙaƙƙun da za su iya rufe ƙasa gaba ɗaya.
Ko a gida, haworthia wani lokacin yana fure. Koyaya, fure bazai iya gasa tare da ganye ba da kyau. Sun yi fure a watan Mayu-Yuni a kan kauri, gajerun kafaɗa kuma ana tattara su a goga. Nimbus din sililinti yana da petals 6 ana haɗe a ginin. Furanni masu launin shuɗi-fari ko ruwan hoda. Tun da furanni yana buƙatar mai yawa ƙarfi daga succulent kuma bayan shi tsire-tsire wani lokacin mutu, ana yanka inflorescences a mataki na budding.
Iri Haworthia
Halin haworthia yana da nau'ikan tsire-tsire sama da 150. Yawancinsu ana amfani dasu a al'ada.
Haworthia taguwa (H. fasciata). Itatuwan tsire-tsire masu kyau, ƙaunatattun masu furen fure, suna yin fure mai yawa na ganye ba tare da kara ba, kusa da ƙasa. Ya ƙunshi ganyen thickaure mai kauri tare da nuna gefen. Girman dutsen irin wannan soket na iya isa 15 cm, kuma ganye guda ɗaya - 5-10 cm. An rufe saman farfajiyar da huɗar juji. Fentin koren duhu mai duhu tare da haɓaka ana fentin su cikin azir ko hasken kore.
Pearl haworthia (H. margaritifera). A herbaceous perenni girma fleshy m ganye ganye 7-8 cm tsawo kuma har zuwa 25 mm fadi. Yana da kusan rashin tarko. M, takarda mai ƙarfi ana ɗaukar ƙarfi a ƙasa, kuma kunkuntar da keɓaɓɓu a saman. Spiky tsiro na pearly farin launi suna located tare da a gefen gefuna. A lokacin furanni, yana samar da shinge har zuwa 60 cm tsayi tare da tseren tsere na haske mai ƙaramin ƙananan Corollas.
Hacarthia Scaphoid (H. cymbiformis). Yawancin sun sami sunan shi don siffar ganyen, mai kama da jirgin ruwa. Ganyayyaki masu launin shuɗi-4-5 ganye tsayi kuma tsawon faɗin 1-1.2 cm ya zama mai daɗaɗɗen faffad'i tare da faɗin cm cm 8. A saman takarda akwai tagogi masu launin fata. M ganye ne kusan babu wadatacciyar ƙuruciya.
Haworthia Cooper (H. Cooperi). Tsarin tsire-tsire na herbaceous yana daɗaɗɗen launuka na fure mai haske na kore kore game da 25 mm tsawo. Tare da gefuna da ganyayyaki masu taushi suna da dogon cilia. Matattarar kunkuntar ta ɗan ja da baya.
Hawoltia limonifolia (H. limifolia). Roananan ƙananan kalmomi masu cike da launuka na fure, adana ganye tare da ratsi kewayawa da tsayi, ƙarshen ƙarshe. An shimfiɗa tushe na takardar sosai. A saman masan yayi kama da kifin dabbar bakin teku. A iri-iri iri iri ne rare. Ganyen ganye mai duhu mai duhu an rufe shi da faffadar launin shuɗi mai girma.
Haworthia da aka yanka (H. truncata). Dankin shuka mai kyau tare da diamita har zuwa 8 cm ya ƙunshi ganye mai launin fata tare da ɓangaren m ko zagaye zagaye. Ganye an shirya su a tsaye ɗaya sama da sauran a cikin jirgin sama guda. Suna da tushe mai sihiri da saman farin ciki. Yanke babba, kamar wanda aka yanke, ya ƙare tare da santsi, laushi mai laushi. Fentin yana fentin duhu kore.
Hanyoyin kiwo
A gida, ana amfani da ativean ciyawa sau da yawa don yaduwar haworthia. Itatuwa yakan samar da ganyayen gefensa waɗanda ke haɓakawa da kyau kuma suna ɗauka tushe a cikin abin da uwa take shuka. An yanke jariri mafi girma tare da asalinsu a cikin bazara a hankali daga ainihin shuka. An yanke wurin da aka yanka da gawayi da aka yanka kuma an dasa fure nan da nan a cikin tukunya daban.
A lokacin bazara da bazara, za a iya yiwuwar girke girke-girke na haworthia. Don yin wannan, yanke babban ganye, ingantaccen ganye a ainihin tushe, bi da yanke tare da fungicide ko ash kuma iska bushe tsawon kwanaki 2-3. Sannan an dasa alkama a cikin karamin tukunya da ƙasa mai yashi. Ba lallai ba ne don rufe cuttings, in ba haka ba za su yi wa aboki. Watering a lokacin rooting ba a da za'ayi at ko kawai dan kadan moistens kasar gona. Rooting yakan faru ne a tsakanin makonni 3-4. An dasa tushen da ke kafe a cikin ƙasa don tsararren shuka.
A yau ba shi da wahalar samun tsaba haworthia a cikin shagon fure, saboda haka zaku iya gwada yaduwar iri a gida. Ya kamata a lura cewa yana da rikitarwa sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Kari akan haka, ire-iren halayen 'yan kwari ba su gado. M kwantena tare da kasar gona mai kwance ko yashin rigar an shirya su don albarkatu. An rarraba tsaba a farfajiya kuma an matse shi cikin ƙasa. Akwatin an rufe shi da fim kuma a ajiye shi a wani wuri mai cike da hasken wuta tare da zazzabi na + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Lokacin da harbe suka bayyana, ana iya cire tsari. Watering ne da za'ayi a hankali. Andauna da kyawun haske sune mabuɗin cin nasara. Haworthia seedlings ci gaba a hankali, don haka farkon dasa ne da za'ayi a cikin 'yan watanni ko ma na gaba bazara.
Siffofin dasa shuki
Haworthia yana dasawa yayin bazara. Kuna buƙatar ɗaukar tukunya da ɗan girma fiye da na baya. Ikon ya kamata ya zama mai fadi, amma ba zurfi ba. A cikin gindinta, ya wajaba don yin ramuka na magudanar ruwa kuma ya kwarara yumɓu, yumɓun yumɓu ko wasu kayan magudanar ruwa a tsayin kwata.
A lokacin juyawa, suna ƙoƙarin cire wani ɓangaren tsohuwar ƙasa daga tushen, kamar yadda ƙasa ta zama mafi talauci kuma mafi acidic na lokaci. A cikin yanayin halitta, haworthia yana girma akan turɓayar ƙasa, mai saurin ɓoye ƙasa, saboda haka, maɓallin da ake yi dashi shine ƙasa na duniya, tarko mai kyau, yashi kogi, yumɓu, da farar ƙasa. Yana da amfani gabatar da karamin adadin alli da ash ash a cikin ƙasa. Amma kwayoyin zasu kasance ba su wuce rabi ba, in ba haka ba ƙasa zata zama ma acidic. A kasar gona ya kamata sako-sako da haske.
An dasa Haworthia har ganyaye da tushen wuyansa suna kan farfajiya. Bayan dasawa, kasar gona tana da sauki kuma an shayar da shi sosai. Abubuwan tsire-tsire na tsofaffi ana maye gurbinsu ne kawai lokacin da tukunya ta zama ƙarami ga tushen sai su fito ta ramuka.
Kulawar Gida
Idan wurin yayi daidai ne ga haworthia, abu ne mai sauqi ka kula dashi. Wadannan tsire-tsire sun saba da yanayin muhalli mai wahala kuma zasu yi farin ciki koda da ɗan hankali.
Haske Haworthia yana buƙatar haske mai haske da tsawon sa'o'in hasken rana. An sanya shi a kan windowsill ko gabashin. Cikin gida a lokacin bazara mai zafi, kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye ya zama dole. A cikin bazara da lokacin rani, zaku iya ɗaukar fure zuwa cikin iska mai kyau a wani wuri da aka kiyaye shi daga magudanan ruwa da ruwan sama. Sannan konewa akan ganye baya faruwa.
Zazzabi Haworthia ya fi dacewa da yanayin da yake da sanyi fiye da matsanancin zafi. Yanayin zafin jiki mafi kyau daga Maris zuwa Oktoba don + 15 ... + 25 ° C. A cikin hunturu, mai succulent yana buƙatar lokacin dormant. Ana fitar dashi cikin daki mai haske mai zafi da + 5 ... + 10 ° C. Yana da mahimmanci kada a bada izinin ƙarin sanyaya mai tsanani, in ba haka ba ganyen ya zama baki da alagaba. Don hana wannan faruwa, an ba da shawarar kada ku bari Haworthia ta sadu da taga mai sanyi.
Haushi. Daskararre mai yalwa a cikin ganyayyaki shine kyakkyawan kariya game da ƙurarar danshi mai yawa, don haka haworthia yana da tattalin arziƙi a amfani da ruwa kuma baya buƙatar ƙarin warin gumi. A lokaci guda, zaku iya wanka shi lokaci-lokaci a ƙarƙashin ruwan wanka. Yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar cewa ruwa bai tara cikin kwas ɗin ganye ba kuma a tushe daga tushe.
Watse. Watering wanda ba shi da sauƙaƙe. Tsakanin ban ruwa, kasar gona ya kamata ya bushe ta hanyar 2-4 cm .. Lokacin da aka sanyaya, ana yin shayar ruwa koda sau da yawa. Rashin ruwa mai yawa a cikin ƙasa na iya haifar da jujjuyawar tushe. Sha ruwa haworthia tare da ruwa mai ɗumi kusa da gefen tukunyar don kada ruwan ya shiga cikin ganyen ganyen. A lokacin hutawa, ana aiwatar da shayarwa sau 1-2 a wata, lokacin da ganyen suka zama da taushi.
Taki. Shuka ba ya buƙatar ciyarwa ta yau da kullun. Kawai akan kasa mara kyau ana hadi shi sau ɗaya a wata a lokacin bazara da bazara. Yi amfani da abincin tsirrai tare da ganyayyaki na ado. Ya isa a yi amfani da rabin kashi ɗaya ɗin da aka nuna akan lakabin a lokaci guda.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa
Haworthia mai saukin kamuwa da ita zata lalace, wanda zai iya kashe kusan shuka gaba ɗaya. Tare da kulawar marasa kyau marasa kyau, scabies da mealybugs na iya bayyana a kai. Kamuwa da cuta yawanci yakan faru ne a cikin bazara a cikin iska mai laushi ko kuma hulɗa da wata shuka mai kamuwa da cuta. Ruwan zafi (har zuwa 45 ° C) da kuma fesawa tare da maganin kashe kwari ("Aktara", "Mospilan", "Aktellik") yana taimakawa kan kwari. Bayan kwanaki 7-10, ana maimaita maganin don lalata larvae.
Idan ka lura da shuka sosai, ta hanyar bayyanarsa zaka iya samun kurakurai cikin kulawa:
- m ganye ko launin rawaya - wuce haddi na hadi.
- baƙar fata mai laushi - tsire-tsire ya zo ƙarƙashin rinjayar daftarin ko ƙananan yanayin zafi;
- elongated shoot da sako-sako da soket ganye - isasshen hasken wuta;
- m ganye tare da bushe tukwici - rashin watering, bushe iska.
