Wisteria ko Wisteria babban itace-kamar Liana ne a gidan Legume. Ana iya kiran shi ainihin mu'ujiza mai ban mamaki, tunda sau da yawa a shekara ana shuka tsiran da yalwace da launuka masu launuka masu launuka masu launuka masu yawa, masu kama da jiragen ruwan ruwan sama mai daɗin ƙanshi mai daɗi. Enisternt wisteria an dasa shi a cikin wuraren shakatawa da kuma lambuna. Tana yin dogon tunani akan duk wani mai wucewa. Gasar mazaunin wisteria tana shafan lafuffukan kurmi na China da Japan; tana girma sosai a yankin Black Sea da kuma kudanci Russia. Shayarwa sunyi nasarar haifar da nau'in nau'in sanyi mai sanyi wanda ya dace da canjin yanayin canjin yanayi.
Bayanin Shuka
Wisteria itace itacen inabin da take lalacewa sosai. Ya kange daga tushe sosai kuma bayan shekara guda sai harbe suka zama mafi dorewa, woody. An rufe su da kwandon ruwan kasa tare da tsummoki na tsaye a tsaye. Tsawon itacen zaitun zai iya kai tsawon milki 18-20. Shekarun farkon shekarar an rufe su da ƙamshin ruwan zaitun mai laushi.
A kan matasa harbe, babban petiolate foliage na unpaired siffar blooms. Tsawon ganye ya kai cm 30. Ya ƙunshi bangarori masu siffofi 7-13 masu fa'ida tare da kafaffun gefuna da ƙarshen nuna. Ganye mai duhu duhu nan da nan bayan fitowar an rufe shi da ɗan tari, amma sannu a hankali ya zama mai santsi.
Babban inflorescences na wasu nau'ikan suna bayyana a farkon bazara, kafin ganye suyi fure. Wasu suna yin fure bayan bayyanar ganye. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, wisteria tana fure har sau uku a shekara. Dogon tsalle-tsalle masu tsayi suna ɗanɗano tare da ƙananan furanni a cikin siffar kwari. Tsarin su shine sifofin dukkan kayan gargajiya. Duk tsaran tseren tsere tare da haɓaka ɗan adam suna girma kamar garland. Launin furanni yana mamaye launuka daban-daban na shuɗi da shunayya. An kuma samo fari, ruwan hoda da rawaya wisteria.
An dasa pollinated da kwari, bayan abin da tsawon lebur wake na wani ashy ko launin toka-Brown hue ripen. A cikinsu akwai tsaba dayawa mai launin duhu launin shuɗi.
Iri da iri don gonar
A cikin duka, 9 jinsunan suna rajista a cikin jinsin Wisteria, amma kawai 3 daga cikinsu sun shahara musamman a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi. Godiya ga aikin shayarwa, iri sun fito da launi iri iri na petals, haka kuma yana iya jure sanyi.
Wisteria ta kasar Sin. Liana mai zazzabi, hawa mai tallafi, braids it counterclockwise. Tsawon itacen inabin ya kai mita 15. An rufe shi da ganyayyaki marasa tsari na yau da kullun tare da sassan 7-13. A cikin bazara, kafin ganye fure, drooping tsere tsefe inflorescences har zuwa 30 cm bayyana.The haske furanni mai haske mai haske ƙanshi mai daɗi. Dabbobin suna son zafi kuma suna iya jurewa kawai-zuwa sanyi zuwa -20 ° C. Nau'in kayan ado:
- Alba - tare da dogon snow-white inflorescences;
- Kama - furanni akan goge-goge suna da launi mai ƙyalli kuma ana fentin su cikin fararen fata da lilac;
- Sierra Madre - fure a ƙarshen Maris tare da tassels na lavender-purple;
- Blue shuɗin yaƙutu - itacen inabi har zuwa 20 m tsawo an rufe shi da manyan ciyayi mai suna Emerald. A watan Mayu, dogon tsere tsere inflorescences rataye a kan m peduncles; haske asu asu furanni fure fure a kansu.
Wisteria tana da lush. Dankin yana zaune a Arewacin Amurka. Tsawonta yakai 10-15 m. Wani fasali na musamman shine tsaurin sanyi har zuwa -35 ... -40 ° C. 7-9 sassan duhu duhu launi girma a kan petiole. Tsawon goga shine 20-30 cm: Iri:
- Blue wata ("Blue Moon") - nau'in sanyi mai tsaurin sanyi yana farkar da ɗan lokaci kaɗan kuma fure tare da tassels mai launin shuɗi tare da ƙanshin mai daɗi;
- Clara Mac wata shuka ce mai tsananin sanyi-hunturu tare da tassels mai dusar ƙanƙara har zuwa cm 35 a tsayi.
Wisteria tana da dumbin yawa (fure mai yawa). Liana tare da harbe da aka daidaita a ciki ya girma zuwa tsawon 7-10 zuwa 9. A kan tallafi na tsaye, yana hawa a cikin motsi na motsi. Matashi mai tushe yana rufe da manyan (game da 40 cm) ganye mai duhu duhu na siffar wanda ba a rufe ba. A kan petiole akwai yara 19 na ruwan wukake. Inflorescences a kan liana Bloom ya fi girma. Tsawon goga zai iya kaiwa zuwa 50-60 cm. Saboda furanni da inflorescences da suke kusa da juna a kan itacen inabi, an ƙirƙiri ra'ayin ci gaba da fure da kuma kera mai kamshi. Ana buɗe furannin daga ginin daga baya, ana fenti su da shuɗi mai haske ko shuɗi. Lokacin fure yana farawa a watan Mayu.
Siffofin Yaduwa
Wisteria yana yaduwa ta hanyar itace, filayen iska, rigakafi da tsaba. Don yaduwar iri, ya zama dole a shirya tukwane da yashi, takarda da ƙasa turf. Ana rarraba manyan tsaba a ko'ina kuma a binne shi da cm cm 1. Ana shayar da ƙasa kuma an rufe shi da fim. Ana kiyaye tukunya a zazzabi + 25 ° C. Tsaba yana girma bayan makonni 3-4. Germination kusan 25%. Abubuwan fashewa suna buƙatar samar da haske mai haske. Za'a iya cire fim din. Tare da zuwan ganye na hakika guda biyu, ana dasa seedlings zuwa kananan tukwane daban-daban tare da dunƙule na ƙasa, don kada ku lalata rhizome. Awanni da yawa a rana ana shafe su a cikin daki mai sanyi. Lokaci na gaba, ana iya gano tsire-tsire na mazaunin dindindin a gonar. Abin takaici, wannan hanyar ba ta da tasiri sosai. Fulawa yana faruwa ne bayan shekaru 5-10, kuma ba a yada shi ga zuriya.
Hanya mafi sauki ga mai aikin al'ada ta haihuwa shine hanyar sa iska. A gare shi, a farkon lokacin bazara, suna yin bugu sau ɗaya a kan harbin shekara-shekara. A tushe ne tilted da kuma immersed a cikin wani akwati tare da ƙasa. Dole ne saman ya kasance kyauta. Bayan watanni 1-3, har zuwa rabin waɗannan harbe suna yin tushe. Don haɓaka tushen, ana bi da yanki tare da tushen shirya. A watan Agusta, farashi zai yi ƙarfi sosai, amma sashen zai samar da bazara mai zuwa.
A ƙarshen kaka, bayan faɗuwar ganye, ana girbi girbi mai shekaru ɗaya. Kowane ya kamata ya ƙunshi 2-3 internodes. An haɗa rassan a cikin ƙaramin fakiti kuma a sanya shi cikin tukunya da ƙasa mai laushi. A farkon bazara, ana cire cuttings daga ɗakin ajiya kuma ana dasa shi a cikin huhu mai sanyi ko nan da nan a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Kowane twig an rufe shi da filastik filastik. Lokacin da tushe ya kafe, kuma aka buɗe furannin, sai a cire hula.
Hanyar rigakafin ya dace kawai ga masu kwarewar lambu. Alurar riga kafi na tsire-tsire masu ƙwayar cuta ana yi ne a kan asalin sa. Ana aiwatar da hanyar a cikin Mayu-Yuni, saboda shuka yana da lokaci don yin tushe kafin sanyi.
Dokokin saukarwa
Don dasa wisteria ya kamata ya zaɓi rana, wuri mai dumi wanda aka kiyaye shi daga zane-zane. Za ta kasance da kwanciyar hankali a gefen kudu na gidan ko shinge, inda yawancin hasken rana kai tsaye ya faɗi. Tare da rashin rana, an rage fure da haɓaka.
Shigar da creeper zai fi kyau a ƙarshen Maris, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta narke gaba ɗaya kuma ƙasa ta yi zafi. Lokacin sanyi na ɗan gajeren lokaci ga kowane nau'in wisteria ba mummunan ba ne, amma yana da kyau a jira har sai sun wuce. Shuka ƙasa ya zama mai gina jiki da nutsar da ruwa. Wisteria fi son tsaka mai tsayi ko ƙasa na alkaline. Ga kowane seedling, an shirya rami mai saukowa zuwa zurfin 60 cm .. A baya an gabatar da kayan miya a ƙasa.
Bayan dasa, ana shayar da tsire-tsire da kyau. Kuna buƙatar kasancewa da shiri don gaskiyar cewa shekarar farko ta wisteria tana dacewa da dogon lokaci kuma tayi girma a hankali. Sai bayan shekaru 2-3 ne tsawon tsiran bakin bakin ciki zai zama mai yawa kamar mai gangar jikin itacen.
Sirrin Kulawa
Kyakkyawar wisteria ta shahara ne saboda halayenta marasa walwala. Tuni don shekaru 2-3 farkon inflorescences ya bayyana, kuma bayan fewan morean shekaru da yawa adadin adon furanni zai zama da wahala a kirga.
Watse. Ya kamata a shayar da Wisteria a kai a kai domin ƙasan ta kasance mai laushi, amma ta bushe a ɓangaren babba. A cikin yanayin bushewa, ana zuba bokiti 1-2 na mako-mako a ƙarƙashin kowane daji. An shawarar zuwa lokaci-lokaci feshi da harbe. A lokacin fure da aiki girma, ban ruwa ya kamata yalwatacce. Tun ƙarshen bazara, sannu a hankali ana rage ruwa da shirya shuka don hunturu.
Taki. A farkon lokacin bazara, ana ciyar da wisteria tare da kayan kwalliya tare da babban abun ciki na nitrogen. Bayan kadan daga baya sanya jiko na mullein ko takin. Saboda kasa ta ba acidify, ana bada shawarar yin takin na wisteria lokaci-lokaci tare da ruwan alli.
Kirkirar kafa. A shuka yana bukatar garter da kuma shugabanci na dukkan matasa harbe. Liana tana hanzarta samun taro, don haka goyon bayan ta dole ne amintacciya kuma ta tabbata. Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu na kafa kambi:
- Stamp - samuwar wata irin bishiyar. Tsarin tsakiya, mafi karfin iko yana raguwa, yana datse hanyoyin da aka gewaye a gindi. A tsayin da ake buƙata, an kafa rassan kwarangwal da yawa. Ana amfani da tsari iri ɗaya a cikin ƙarami, ƙirƙirar bonsai daga wisteria.
- Scratchy - tare da tsawon tsawon itacen inabi, a kaikaice hanyoyin ana cire don samun guda dogon bulala nada a kan hanya.
Don ƙarin fure mai yawa, ana yin ganyen liana sau biyu a shekara. An shirya magudin farko a ƙarshen fure. Dukkanin hanyoyin da aka yanke suna yanke ta hanyar 2/3. Bayan ganyayyaki sun faɗi, a cikin Nuwamba, ana cire wani ɓangare na tsofaffin rassan da na ƙarshen rassa. An kafa fure-fure na fure a kan gajere matakai na shekara ta yanzu. Hakanan ana bada shawara don datsa wilted inflorescences.
Cin nasara. Plantsaya daga cikin tsire-tsire na shekaru daya a cikin ƙasa ana bada shawara don cirewa daga trellis kuma an aza shi a ƙasa a saman allon da yawa. Daga saman shuka an rufe shi da ganye masu ganye da rassan spruce. Mafi yawancin nau'in sanyi ba sa yin haƙuri da kyau, sau da yawa tukwici na rassan daskarewa. Blue W Wiaia ne kawai za a iya girma a tsakiyar Rasha. Amma har ma da tushe na kara an rufe shi da lutrasil da ganye mai ganye.
Cutar da kwari. Tare da ƙarancin ƙasa mai kyau, wisteria na iya fama da chlorosis. Ana hana cutar ta hanyar haɗuwa da gishiri na baƙin ƙarfe. Wani lokaci akan ganye cicadas, caterpillars, Clover mites ko aphids shirya. A farkon alamar cututtukan kwayoyi, an shuka tsire-tsire tare da kwaro.
Wisteria a cikin shimfidar wuri
Babban itacen inabi mai saurin girma yana buƙatar isasshen sarari, don haka a cikin karamin lambu ɗan shuka ɗaya ya isa. An dasa shi kusa da ganuwar gidan, tare da shinge, kusa da arbor ko pergola. Tare da taimakon murfin kore, zaku iya rufe gine-ginen mummuna. Wisteria ba kawai ƙirƙirar kyakkyawar bango na kore ba, har ma yana lalata babban adadin adadin inflorescences mai haske.
Sama da yanki mai yawa, tutoci da farfajiyoyi daga wisteria suna da ban mamaki. Haka kuma, zaku iya amfani da tsire-tsire iri iri iri iri ɗaya ko haɗa iri tare da launuka daban-daban na inflorescences. Don haka zaka sami bakan gizo mai ban mamaki wanda ya ban mamaki.
Hyacinths, daffodils, tulips, da daphne galibi ana shuka su ne a gindin itacen inabin. Don gamsar da kanka tare da nau'in thermophilic, zaku iya dasa wisteria a cikin baho. A lokacin rani ana fitar da shi zuwa gonar, kuma a cikin hunturu ana tsabtace shi a cikin mai haske amma mai sanyi (+ 10 ... + 12 ° C).
