Domin shuka lambun bishiyoyi a kan shafinku, ba dole ba ne kawai don tantance wurin da tsire-tsire, amma kuma ya kamata ku kula da manyan abubuwa, irin su dasa shuki, rami, dasa da kula da seedlings, wanda za'a tattauna a wannan labarin.
Lambar Aljanna
Lokacin da aka zaba wurin da za a dasa shuki, yana da muhimmanci a ƙayyade makirci don dasa su. Tsarin bishiyoyi ana bada shawarar bisa la'akari da tsare-tsaren hudu, waɗanda suke da halaye na kansu na wuri na shuka, ba ka damar sauƙaƙe tsarin kula da seedlings da kuma samun girbi mai yawa.
Garden ga m: m tips for rani mazauna.
Shirye-shiryen tsararraki
Gida mafi yawan amfanin gona don amfanin gona shi ne kariya: yana ba ka damar haifar da yanayi mai dadi don kulawa da gonar. Bisa ga wannan makirci, an dasa bishiyoyi a cikin layuka. Nisa tsakanin bishiyoyi ya dogara da nau'insu da iri-iri.
Yana da muhimmanci! Har ila yau wajibi ne a yi la'akari da yanayin tasowa domin yin amfani da hankali a hankali, saboda haka, ya fi dacewa da shirya itatuwa a cikin wani zane-zane a cikin tsari mai tsabta.Idan an zabi iri-iri iri-iri, za a bar nesa mafi kyau tsakanin layuka 4 m, 2.5 m tsakanin bishiyoyi. Ya kamata a dasa bishiyoyin gargajiya waɗanda aka sanya a kan bishiyoyin daji a nesa da ba kasa da m 3.5 m ba. layuka - 5 m. Yawan jinsin masu karfi da karfi zasu kasance a nesa na 4 m, 6 m tsakanin layuka.
Koyi yadda zaka samar da mãkircin gonar da kyau, ƙirƙirar zane-zane, yi ado a gaban lambun, ƙaddamar da mãkirci, yin haske da kuma ado kayan lambu na hunturu.
Tsarin gine-gine ya dace da bishiyoyi waɗanda ba sa bukatar hasken haske, kullum suna ɗaukar penumbra da aka tsara ta kusa da layuka. Yawanci, ana shuka itatuwan apple da iri daban-daban ta wannan hanyar, wasu nau'in pears.
Chess
Shirin ƙwasawa yana da kama da wani abu mai tsabta, kawai a kowane shinge tsakanin itatuwa huɗu an dasa itace daya. Makirci ya fi yawa, don haka ya dace da dasa shuki-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire tare da karamin kambi. Idan gonar yana kan tudu, to, tsarin makirci zai zama mafi kyau don zaɓi shukar bishiyoyi don rage ƙasa. 
Hanya na dasa shuki yana ba da itatuwan damar karɓar yawan adadin haske, sabili da haka yana dacewa da tsire-tsire masu haske - plum, apricot, peach, da apple da pear. Nisa tsakanin itatuwa ya zama m 4, yana da kyau barin 5 m tsakanin layuka.
Triangular pattern
Tsayar da bishiyoyi a cikin alamomi mai launi shine halin da ya fi dacewa da tsirrai da tsire-tsire tare da babban kambi. Bisa ga alamar yanayin, duk bishiyoyi za su tsaya, wanda zai sa ya dasa tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire fiye da kashi 15%.
Karanta yadda za a shuka lawn daidai, abin da za a shuka a gefen shinge da kuma yadda za'a tsara amfanin gona daidai.
Don gano nesa mafi kyau a tsakanin tsire-tsire, dole ne bi bin doka na jujjuya girman girman kamannin bishiyar girma. Alal misali, idan girman kambi yana da m 4, sa'an nan dole ne nesa da akalla 8 m daga kowane bangare tsakanin tsire-tsire. 
Na gode wa tsarin shuka shuki, tsire-tsire na iya samun adadin haske. Don dasa wannan makirci ya dace da ceri, apple, pear, plum, apricot, peach.
Yanayin kwance
Ana amfani da alamar saukowa ta kwashe lokacin da aka dasa bishiyoyi a yanki. Ana shuka shuke-shuke a cikin wannan yanayin a cikin layin da aka kwance, wanda ya ba da dama don rage tsarin tafiyar da yashwa na kasar gona kuma ya samu nasarar shuka seedlings a wuraren da ba a san su ba. Don samfurin ruwa ya zabi ƙasa mai girma, zai fi dacewa a kudancin shafin. Dole ne a dasa itatuwan 'ya'yan itace don a kai ga arewacin matsayi mafi tsawo. 
Saboda wannan tsari, ana samar da tsire-tsire da mafi yawan haske. Nisa tsakanin su a cikin wannan yanayin ya kasance aƙalla mita 3, tsakanin layuka - akalla 5. Duk itatuwan 'ya'yan itace sun dace don dasa shuki a cikin hanya mai kwance.
Shuka lambun
Lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da shirin shuka, dole ne a ci gaba da zabin da sayan seedlings, wanda zai dauki tushe a shafin.
Zaɓin amfanin gona
Domin tsire-tsire suyi da 'ya'ya sosai, kana buƙatar ka iya zaɓar su daidai. Sabili da haka, kula da yankin da aka ba da shawarar, yankin da sauran yanayi. Akwai nau'ikan iri da aka ba su a kowace yanki: sun iya jure wa ɗakin sanyi, iri daban-daban na ƙasa, kuma basu da matukar damuwa ga yanayin yanayi mara kyau. Ka yi la'akari da ainihin shawarwari don dasa shuki bishiyoyi, ko da yaushe suna jin dadi a tsakiyar latitudes.
Dwarf 'ya'yan itace - abin da suke.
Mafi tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin tsakiyar latitudes itace itacen apple. Wannan al'ada ne mai haske-sabili da haka, ya fi kyau shuka shi a cikin wani wuri mai haske. Kwayoyin Apple na iya girma a kan gandun daji mai launin fata, sod-podzolic kasa, chernozems, wanda aka halin haske texture tare da tsaka tsaki ko dan kadan acidic dauki. Itacen ba ya jure wa ciwon haɗari, don haka dasa shi a kan ƙananan ƙananan, a cikin yankunan da zurfin ƙasa - ba kasa da 1.5 m cikin zurfin ba.
Shin kuna sani? Itacen itatuwan Apple a duniya suna rufe kadada miliyan 5, kuma kowane itace na uku a duniya shine itacen apple.Ana ba da shawara a dasa shuki a gefen kudancin shafin, kamar yadda wuraren da suke da mummunan cututtuka sukan haifar daskarewa bishiyoyi. Dole ne a zaba wannan shafin sosai daga iska, wanda yake da mahimmanci a cikin hunturu. Pear yana tsiro a kan ƙasa mai laushi, ruwan karkashin ruwa bai zama kusa da 1 m zuwa ƙasa. A manufa ƙasa don pear ne loamy, yashi ko weakly podzolic.
Cherries fi son wuraren zafi da yalwar rana da zafi. Ba a bada shawarar shuka sapling a cikin ƙananan layin, kamar yadda ceri yana da matalauta mai sanyi kuma sau da yawa kyauta. Dole ne a zabi majalisa da kyau - wannan hanya zaka iya kauce wa cututtukan cututtuka na itace. Game da kasar gona, ceri ya fi son ƙasa mai kyau tare da rubutun haske, wanda yake iya ganin cewa yana da karfin iska. An dasa shuki a haske da matsakaici na loam, wanda ya ba ka damar samun yawan amfanin ƙasa.Shuka cherries da plums daidai.
Plum kuma ya fi son wuraren da kyau, don haka ana shuka bishiyoyi a gefen kudancin shafin, a kan ƙasa mai laushi mai laushi tare da mai laushi mai daraja da kuma tsaka tsaki. Har ila yau, Plum yana ci gaba da girma a yankunan arewaci, amma tare da yanayin bin ka'idodin shawarwari don dasawa da kulawa da shuka. Apricots na girma sosai a cikin tsakiyar latitudes da kuma subtropics a cikin mafi yawan hasken wuraren da kuri'a na hasken rana da zafi. Dole ne a kare kyawawan bishiyoyi daga iskoki na arewa: za'a iya sanya su a kan gangarawa da kuma wuraren da ba su iya samun iska mai sanyi. 
Itacen itace mafi kyau shuka a kan haske, ƙasa mai tsabta. Ana shuka itatuwan kwari a yankunan kudancin da yawancin zafi da hasken rana, saboda suna da rikicewa zuwa mai tsananin sanyi da yawa. Tsuntsaye suna girma da kyau a kan hasken loams da high breathability da malalewa, abin da ake buƙata shi ne kariya mai kyau daga iska.
Yadda zaka zaba da saya seedlings
Yana da mahimmanci ba kawai a zabi wuri mai kyau na dasa shuki ba, amma har ma kayan dasa kayan kanta don tabbatar da kyakkyawar rayuwa ta itacen kuma don samun samfurori masu yawa a nan gaba.
Yana da muhimmanci! Sike seedlings zai fi dacewa a cikin gidaje, kauce wa kasuwanni da wasu wurare masu ban mamaki.Da farko, yana da muhimmanci a kula da shekarun itacen: yana da mafi kyau ga sayen kayan lambu na shekaru biyu, bishiyoyi da yawa suna da raguwar rayuwa. Dubi a hankali a tushen tsarin seedlings - ya kamata lafiya, dauke da ƙari ga kwarangwal yawa girma asalinsu. Kada ku saya bishiyoyi waɗanda suna da ƙuƙwalwa a kan asalinsu, masu tsabta, masu girma, da nodules, buds ko wasu ƙwarewar tarko.
Mafi yawan adadin kwarangwal din na shekaru biyu yana da 3, yana da fifiko don zaɓar seedlings wanda ya ƙunshi fiye da 3. Kada ka saya bishiyoyi da ke da mummunar lalacewa ta asali ga asali da aka gina ta hanyar yin hasara. Tsawancin dan shekaru biyu ya kamata ya kasance aƙalla mita 1.5 a cikin bishiyoyi masu kyau, akwai rassan da ke cikin layi guda uku waɗanda aka rarraba a ko'ina a jikin akwati. Da haushi ya kamata ya zama santsi, ba da wani scratches, fasa.Shin kuna sani? Akwai hanya mai ban sha'awa don ƙayyade tsawon ajiya na itace mai laushi: kana buƙatar kunna rassan itace a tsakanin yatsunka da yatsa, kuma idan seedling ya zama sabo ne, to, haske zai kasance daga itacen, kuma idan seedling ya bushe - za ku ji zafi.
Shirye-shiryen saukowa
Dangane da irin itacen bishiya, rami mai saukowa yana shirye-shiryen daban-daban da kuma siffofi daban-daban, amma kusan dukkanin itatuwan sun fi dacewa da ramuka masu zagaye tare da ganuwar ganuwar da za su iya tabbatar da ci gaban al'ada na tushen tsarin. Girman ramin da aka haƙa a ƙasa mai noma tare da mai zurfi mai laushi ya kamata ya zama kusan 70 cm a diamita da 70 cm cikin zurfin.
Koyi yadda za a yi rami takin.
Idan aka dasa itacen a kan ƙasa ta farko, girman ramin zai kara sau uku, kamar yadda zai buƙaci adadin nau'in cakudaccen abinci, wanda a nan gaba zai zama tafki na abubuwa da ake bukata don ci gaba na al'ada. Ƙasasshen yumɓu da yashi ƙasa yana nuna juyawa rami a cikin girman 1 m a diamita da 1 m a cikin zurfin. An shawarci ma'aikata masu kwarewa suyi zurfi a ƙasa da ƙasa mai zurfi a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, don haka ruwa ba zai damu ba a cikin ƙananan yadudduka - wannan zai haifar da mummunar tasiri akan tushen tsire-tsire. 
Idan aka dasa shukin tsire-tsire a cikin bazara, to dole sai a haƙa ramukan a cikin lokacin kaka na shekarar da ta wuce, idan an dasa shuki a lokacin rani, za'a rami rami a cikin Mayu-Yuni. Wannan wajibi ne don maganin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin ƙasa yana da kyau kuma ya yi girma, wato, suna samar da yanayi mai mahimmanci.
Dokar dasa itatuwa
Dangane da irin itacen bishiya, akwai ka'idojin girman rami, lokacin shuka da wasu nuances da ake bukata a yi la'akari:
- Apple itatuwa Sau da yawa ana shuka a cikin bazara, idan seedling ba tsufa fiye da shekaru 2, domin itace ya dauki tushe a lokacin rani, girma da kullum jimre hunturu. Ya kamata a fara dasa shuki a farkon watan Mayu - marigayi Afrilu, lokacin da ƙasa ta rigaya ta narke kuma ta warmed a bit. Idan an dasa seedling a cikin bazara, ana iya shirya rami a mako kafin dasa. Girman rami zai dogara ne a kan ƙasa: idan yana da kyau, to, zai zama mai zurfin 60 cm kuma a diamita, idan ƙasa ba ta da talauci, sa'an nan zurfin ya kamata a kalla 70 cm da diamita 80 cm. , saboda tsirewar hunturu mai wuya ba ta jin tsoron sanyi. Ana shuka mafi kyau a farkon Oktoba, don haka za'a iya karfafa tushen kafin hunturu. A cikin kaka, an bada shawarar shuka itatuwan bishiyoyi a yankunan kudancin da ƙasa mai kyau. Ramin ya ninka girmanta kamar yadda aka dasa a cikin bazara, amma an shirya shi wata daya kafin a fara kwance.
- Pear za a iya shuka duka a spring da kaka. Tsuntsar ruwa (a ƙarshen Afrilu) ya kawar da yiwuwar mutuwar itace daga sanyi. Zai fi kyau a shirya rami a gaba, a cikin kaka na shekara ta gaba. A wannan lokaci, kasar gona za ta zauna, bayan dasa shuki da shuka, toshe mai tushe ba zai zurfi ba, wanda zai tabbatar da yanayin rayuwa na yau da kullum. Nisa daga cikin rami ya kamata ya kasance kusan mita, kuma a zurfin kimanin 50 cm Idan ƙasa ba ta da talauci, to, ana rami zurfin rami kuma ya cika da bugu da yawa na ƙasa mai kyau. Kamar yadda lamarin yake tare da itacen apple, an dasa pear a cikin rassan a yankunan kudancin, wanda ya ba da damar yin amfani da seedling zuwa tushe kullum. Bugu da ƙari, pear, wanda aka dasa a cikin rani kuma ya tsira daga hunturu, zai fi ƙarfin kuma ya jure wa sanyi a nan gaba. Zai fi kyau in kunna rami a spring, zurfin ramin yana da 50 cm a diamita, diamita 1 m ne, kuma an dasa shi a farkon Oktoba.
- Apricot a cikin bazara, an bada shawarar dasa shi kafin buds tada a kan seedling a tsakiyar watan Afrilu. An shirya rami a cikin kaka, girmansa ya kai 70 cm mai zurfi kuma 70 cm a diamita. Shirye-shiryen rami don kwashe lokacin kaka ya kamata a yi a cikin wata, ko ma biyu. Ana buƙatar m 1 m, kuma zurfin yana da 80 cm A farkon watan Oktoba an dauke shi lokaci mafi kyau don ɓatarwa.
- Cherry Sau da yawa an dasa su a cikin bazara (karshen watan Afrilu), musamman a cikin tsakiyar tsakiya da arewacin yankunan, saboda a lokacin rani rassan yayi girma, ya zama mai karfi da kuma jurewa hunturu. Dole ne a yi rami a gaba, mafi kyau a cikin fall, zurfinsa ya zama akalla 50 cm, diamita - 80 cm A cikin fall, dasa shuki ne kawai a yankunan kudancin, wani lokaci a tsakiyar layi. Mafi kyawun lokaci na dasa shi ne ƙarshen Satumba, don haka kafin farkon frosts buga, itace ya fi karfi. An shirya rami a cikin bazara, girmansa daidai yake a cikin yanayin saukowa a cikin bazara.
- Peach yana da tsire-tsire mai zafi, don haka har ma a yankunan kudancin yankin ana gudanar da shi a cikin bazara (karshen watan Afrilu). An shirya rami a gaba, mafi kyau - a cikin fall, girman rami ya kamata a kalla 70 cm zurfi kuma 1 m a diamita.
- Plum ya fi son dasa shuki a tsakiyar tsakiyar da kuma arewacin yankuna, a yankunan kudancin dasa shuki na seedlings an fi sau da yawa a cikin kaka. Spring plum dasa a cikin marigayi Afrilu a cikin rami shirya. Zai fi kyau a dafa wani rami a cikin fall, ƙara da takin gargajiya zuwa gare shi, wanda zai ambaliya don isasshen tsawon lokaci da kuma haifar da yanayi mafi kyau ga matasa seedling. Ramin ya zama akalla 60 cm zurfi da 70 cm fadi, kuma mafi. A cikin fall, a farkon Oktoba, an dasa plum a cikin ramin da aka haƙa a cikin bazara kuma an haɗa shi da kwayoyin halitta, girman ramin yana 60x70 cm.
Shin kuna sani? Ba kamar wasu itatuwan 'ya'yan itace ba, ba za a iya samun plum a yanayi a cikin daji ba. An samo sandan ta hanyar ƙetare ƙayayuwa da labaran fiye da shekaru dubu biyu da suka gabata.
Yadda za a magance bishiyoyi masu girma
Lokacin da aka dasa seedlings a cikin ƙasa, da farko ya kamata ka kula da yawan ruwan sha. Tsawancin ruwan ban ruwa ya dogara da yanayin yanayi da haɗuwa na yau da kullum. Mafi yawan ruwa wanda dole ne a zuba a ƙarƙashin itace ɗaya shine lita 20 a lokaci guda. Watering ya zama lokaci daya cikin 2-4 makonni. Ana bada shawara don duba ƙasa don danshi tare da sanda: idan ƙasa ƙasa tana da 20 cm bushe, yana da lokaci zuwa ruwa da seedling.
Yanayin da ke kewaye da seedling ya kamata a ci gaba - wannan wajibi ne don samar da yanayi mai kyau don tsarin tushen, riƙe da danshi a lokacin rani, rage jinkirin ci gaban shuke-shuke daji. Ana zubo ma'auni tare da mai zurfi mai zurfi (15 cm) a nesa da mita 1-2 daga gangar jikin - ana amfani da sawdust da bambaro. Ƙungiyar kusa da-kusa tana tsabtace shi da kuma sako kyauta. Yana da mahimmanci don sassauta ƙasa bayan watering, lokacin da aka kara da shi daga ruwa. Ana yin gyare-gyare zuwa zurfin nisa fiye da 5 cm domin kada ya lalace matasa. 
Tabbatar cewa ya kamata a warmed da itace mafi girma domin hunturu, don haka ta yi jure wa sanyi. Warming da gangar jikin kuma zai taimaka kare kare daga hare hare na rodents, wanda a cikin hunturu, shi gnaws, wanda take kaiwa zuwa mutuwar seedling. Ana gudanar da tsari a farkon watan Nuwamba, tare da ɓangaren ƙananan ɓangaren ƙananan rassan da ba su da kasa da 70 cm a tsawo. Tsarin itatuwa na Whitewashing suna samar da sau 2 a shekara - a cikin fall da kuma bazara. An yi watsi da kullun rana a rana, ba damuwa a karshen watan Satumba, kuma a fara yin bazara a lokacin sanyi kaɗan, lokacin da kwari na farko bai riga ya bayyana ba.
Yana da muhimmanci! Very matasa seedlings, wanda har yanzu greenish, ba kafa haushi, ba za a iya fari, saboda wannan zai iya haifar da rushewa na rayuwa matakai.Don whitewashing shirya cakuda hydrated lemun tsami - 2 kg, jan karfe sulphate - 0.2 g, ruwa - 10 lita. Haushi an riga an shirya shi, sharewa daga yankunan da ke fama da cututtuka, gansakuka. Zai yiwu a tsabtace tare da yin amfani da goge na zane. Ana yin aikin tsarkakewa daga ƙananan ɓangaren ƙwayar cuta, sannu-sannu ya tashi zuwa rassan kwarangwal. Скелетные ветви белят на 30 см от точки разветвления.
Как украсить новый сад
Чтобы сделать сад с плодовыми деревьями ещё более красивым, можно добавить дополнительные элементы декора, высадить некоторые растения и проложить дорожки, поэтому рассмотрим каждый пункт подробнее. 
Как проложить дорожки в саду
Hanyar mafi sauki don shirya waƙar daga baya da tushe. Don yin wannan, cire ramin mai zurfi mai zurfi 10, yada tare da geotextile, ƙarfafa bangarorin tare da yayyafa launi. Ana jefa labaran ko rubutun cikin yankin da aka shirya. Wani zaɓi mafi wuya shi ne gina gine-gine mai tsabta a cikin nau'i mai tsabta.
Yi hanyoyi daga cututtukan itace, shinge da shinge a cikin kasar.
Tushen irin wannan shafi yana da kullun, wanda abubuwa masu ado sun kasance a cikin dutse na halitta, ana shimfiɗa shinge. An bada shawarar da za a kafa hanya a kan karamin tudu, don haka yana da 5 cm mafi girma fiye da sauran ƙasa, wanda zai kiyaye shi daga sakamakon ruwan sama da ruwa.
Abin da tsire-tsire za a iya dasa a gonar
Mafi shahararren kayan lambu suna furanni. Suna iya taimakawa wasu tsire-tsire kuma suna samar da hoto cikakke. Gwaninta na shekara-shekara don dasa shuki a gonar sun hada da marigolds, asters, kosmey, zinnias, petunias. Daga cikin wajan suna iya bambanta karrarawa, daisies, carnations, manta-ni-nots, pansies. 
Ƙarin abubuwa na kayan ado
Kamar yadda wasu abubuwa na kayan ado a gonar na iya zama fences na katako, wanda ke kare kananan flowerbeds, siffofin lambu, dutse mai ado. A gefen waƙoƙi, zaka iya shigar da lantarki na ado. Zaka iya yin kayan ado tare da hannuwanka daga itace ko daga abubuwan da ba su da mahimmanci na rayuwa - jita-jita, kayan ado, kwalban filastik.
Mun yi ado da gida: sana'a, kayan aikin gona, gado na duwatsu da taya.
Don haka, shirya lambun bishiyoyi ba aiki mai sauƙi ba ne, amma idan kun bi dokoki masu bin doka kuma ku bi shawarwarin da aka bayyana dalla-dalla a cikin labarinmu, wannan zai taimaka wajen guje wa kuskuren da yawa.
