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Yi shi da kanka

Muna yin siffofi don gyaran duwatsu daga wasu kayan

Cunkoso da kullun da suke tare da su a cikin ruwan sama da musawar zafi a cikin zafi na baya. An maye gurbinsu da tsabta, mai tsabta, masu kyau, da aka rufe da nau'o'in iri da launuka na shinge. Takaddun layuka na rubutun kalmomi suna nuna alamar ƙwarewar tsari na dukan tsari na ƙirƙirar ƙananan hanyoyi. Duk da haka, yana nuna cewa mai sana'a na gida bai iya yin komai ba kawai don sa duwatsu na duwatsun dutse kadai da kyau, amma kuma don yin su.

Nau'ukan duwatsu masu tsawa

Kashewa, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ya bambanta saboda bambance-bambance a cikin kayan da aka sanya shi. Bisa ga wannan yanayin, an raba shi zuwa nau'i uku:

  • kaya;
  • gilashi gilashi;
  • tile da aka yi ta dutse na halitta.

Kankare

Irin wannan dutse mai zane yana da halaye na kansa:

  1. Duwatsu irin waɗannan duwatsu masu banƙyama ba su da tsabta mai tsabta, amma tare da additives wanda ke inganta halayensa ta hanyar yin aiki, da kuma yanayin bayyanar.
  2. Bisa ga tsarin masana'antu, shimfidar gyare-gyare ne aka raba ta da ƙira ta hanyar tsinkayewa da kuma extruded ƙarƙashin matsin lamba.
Hanya mai lafagewa da aka yi da sintiri yana nuna rashin talauci, ba da karfi ba, batun abrasion da sakamakon lalacewar sanyi. Abun da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin kwaskwarima suna da siffofi mafi kyau. Gaba ɗaya, shimfidar maƙalari yana nuna halin samuwa da farashi. Bugu da ƙari, yana da siffofin kayan ado daban-daban, wanda tare da taimakon daɗaɗɗun kayan ado suna bayyana a cikin kowane bambancin launi.
Shin kuna sani? Wadanda suka riga sun zama duwatsu na zamani sun kasance tubalin da aka kone a kan wuta, inda hanyoyi ne na Mesopotamiya na Tsohon Alkawari shekaru biyar da suka wuce.

Clinker

Dutsen clinker da aka samo ta hanyar yin amfani da katako mai yaduwa ya mallaki kyawawan dabi'u masu yawa saboda rashin pores a ciki, wanda ya ba shi juriya da kuma juriya ga bambance-bambance. Bugu da ƙari, wannan dutsen yana da sauƙin shigarwa, saboda yana da nau'i ɗaya a bangarorin biyu, kuma zai iya zama sau biyu filayen filaye. Kayan kayan ado yana da mahimmanci a cikin clinker, amma darajansa ya fi kyan dutsen gine-gine.

Dutsen halitta

Dutsen dutse daga cikin dutse na dutse yana da karfi da kuma nagarta. Musamman ma dace da wannan manufa. A tsarin yin amfani da shi, kusan bazai ba da shi don sharewa ba, danshi da zazzabi yana saukad da shi, ba ya ƙwaƙƙwa da tsayayya da kaya mai yawa. Amma yana da yawa fiye da sauran nau'ikan shinge.

Forms

Don yin duwatsu don yin duwatsu, dole ne ku fara yin siffofi na musamman, wanda ake kira matrices. Sun saka wani bayani daga wani abun da ke ciki, wanda bayan hardening sake maimaita su lissafin da rubutu.

Daga tsari don yin gyaran da ake bukata:

  • babban ƙarfin damuwa na inji;
  • high abrasion juriya;
  • juriya juriya.

Mai sana'a na gida kansa yana iya yin matrix:

  • filastik;
  • silicone;
  • katako;
  • polyurethane.

Koyi yadda za a jefa tayoyin gyaran gyare-gyare don yankin da ke kewayen birni, yin hanyar daga cututtukan itace, shinge da kuma shimfiɗa takalman gyare-gyare.

Nauyin filastik shine mafi yawan abin dogara da kuma tsayayyen tsari wanda zai iya jurewa har zuwa dubban kayan aiki ba tare da fatalwa ba kuma ba tare da rasa asalin asalin lokaci ba. Bugu da ƙari, nau'in filastik da ke cikin matsala yana nuna wa dutse da siffofin siffar da ake buƙata da kuma rubutun da ake bukata. Silinan matrices suna halin high elasticity, sa shi sauki don gama kayayyakin daga gare su.

Bugu da kari, siffofin silicone sun bambanta:

  • babban ƙarfi;
  • low cost;
  • Kyawawan halaye a cikin kayan aikin gypsum.

Abubuwan da basu dace sun hada da:

  • low juriya zuwa harin sunadarai;
  • da yiwuwar samar da iska a cikin aikin su wanda zai tasiri tasirin siffofin.
Ana yin siffofin katako don yin gine-gine na wucin gadi. Ana bayar da rubutu ta hanyar filastin filastik na musamman.

Amfanin wannan nau'i na nau'i sun haɗa da:

  • low cost;
  • sauƙi na yin.

Kuma matsalarsu sune:

  • matalauta tightness;
  • gajere sabis na rayuwa;
  • rashin daidaituwa don samar da farantin siffofi.
Yawan siffofin polyurethane sun kasance daga cikin wadanda suka mutu don yin katako artificial. Abokan da suke da ita shine:

  • elasticity;
  • ƙarfi;
  • Durability;
  • zaman lafiyar jama'a;
  • zaman lafiya;
  • sunadarai juriya;
  • low inertness;
  • ƙara haɓaka abrasion.
Bugu da ƙari, polyurethane yana da babban haɗari, wanda ya ba da damar ƙaddamar da matrix ya zama daidai sosai don sake maimaita rubutun na samfurin asali.
Shin kuna sani? A karo na farko, ana iya samar da takalma na katako na wucin gadi wanda zai iya yin gwagwarmaya da dutse na halitta a cikin Netherlands a farkon karni na 19. Hanya na farko da aka yi da yashi, yumbu mai yumbu da ruwa.

Yadda za a yi kanka

Kafin yin matrix don gyaran dutse mai wucin gadi, dole ne ka sami samfurin samfurin wanda ya wakiltar samfurin samfurin nan gaba. Don samar da shi a cikakkun amfani da gypsum, yumbu, sintiri, filastik ko yumbu. Rubutun duwatsu masu dacewa suna dace da shi, da itace da rubutu mai dacewa, da sauran kayan da ke da nau'in halayyar halayyar.

Kuma don yin nau'i wanda aka zuba matrices polymeric, dole ne ayi matakai masu zuwa:

  1. Tsayar da samfurin samfurin a kan plywood ko kayan aiki irin wannan.
  2. Tsayawa yaduwar kayan polymeric (wanda samfurin samfurin yana kewaye da firam a nesa na biyu daga centimeters daga bangon fadi zuwa tsarin samfurin). Tsayin filayen ya kamata ya wuce nauyin samfurin ta hanyar sintimita biyu.
  3. Rufe gidajen wuta na bango da shimfidar wuri tare da shinge don hana yaduwar ruwa na polymer ƙarƙashin ganuwar.
  4. Ciko da ruwa a tsakanin polymer sararin samaniya a tsakanin samfurin da ganuwar filayen zuwa tsayinta.

Don ƙirƙirar takarda ta yin amfani da samfurin mai amfani, yi amfani da:

  • sanduna na itace;
  • polyurethane, filastik, silicone;
  • raƙuman lantarki;
  • gani;
  • Ginin gini;
  • mashiyi;
  • kullun kai tsaye.

Hanyar yin gyaran kafa daga filastik

A gaban samfurin tsari, babban aikin da ke nan shi ne ƙirƙirar tarar da ke kewaye da shi. Don yin wannan:

  1. Shirya katako na katako a cikin hanyar da ke kewaye da samfurin, ɗayan su zai bar akalla santimita biyu tsakanin samfurin da ganuwar. Kuma tsawo na sanduna ya zama akalla biyu santimita mafi girma fiye da samfurin.
  2. Haɗa sanduna tsakanin sutura da kusoshi.
  3. Saita samfurin samfurin daidai a tsakiyar cibiyar, ta tabbata cewa rata a tsakanin shi da kuma ganuwar gado daidai yake da kewaye.
  4. Cika wannan rata tare da filastik ruwa zuwa tsawo na fadi ganuwar.
  5. Bayan kimanin awa daya, an cire matrix kammala. Don wannan tsarin, zaka iya sauƙaƙe kawai.
  6. Idan ka sami wani mummunan rauni, za a iya cire su tare da sandpaper.

Silicone mold yin

Sinadaran na musamman simintin silicone:

  • tushe;
  • Mai kariya;
  • hardener.

Don yin wani matrix daga gare shi wajibi ne:

  1. Yi kewaye da samfurin mai samfurin tare da alamar misali na baya.
  2. Lubricate model tare da kowane irin man fetur.
  3. Sanya shi a tsakiyar filin.
  4. Yi amfani da kamfanonin silicone kamar yadda masana'antun suka nuna.
  5. Sanya sakamakon da ya samo a cikin rami mai zurfi a cikin sararin samaniya daga samfurin. Dole ne farashin iska ya faru.
  6. Bayan da silicone ya taurare a cikin sa'o'i 24, cire matrix da aka shirya.

Video: Silicone Form

Yin siffofin katako

Daga wannan abu kawai ana samun siffofin square, rectangular, polygonal, siffofin lu'u-lu'u. Wannan yana buƙatar:

  • sanduna na katako tare da tsayin da ya samar da rami 2-cm tsakanin frame da samfurin, kuma santimita 2 mafi girma fiye da samfurin;
  • mashiyi;
  • gani ko jigsaw;
  • Mai mulki;
  • gon;
  • masking tape;
  • takarda;
  • varnish ga itace;
  • kullun kai tsaye.

Kuna iya sha'awar sanin yadda za a rufe rufin tare da indulin tare da hannuwanka, yadda za a haƙa gwaninta a kan bango da kuma yadda za a dumi taga don hunturu.

Kuma don ƙirar siffar mafi girman siffar da kake bukata:

  1. Yi la'akari da fuskar da za'a tsara tsarin.
  2. Shirya 4 sanduna tare da tsawon da aka ba.
  3. Tattara wata tayi daga gare su sannan kuma kafin a saka shi da mashi mai masking.
  4. Ƙarfafa zane da sutura.
  5. Hoto na ciki na firam don aiwatar da takalma.
  6. Yi amfani da shi don sauƙaƙe kau da ƙwanƙwasa dutse daga mold.
  7. Abubuwan da ke tsakanin sanduna don aiwatar da shinge don hana dakatarwa.

Fidio: siffofin gabar tebur

Manufacturing na polyurethane siffofin

Matrix na polyurethane sun kasance mai dadi, abin dogara kuma mai dorewa. Ya kamata su yi:

  1. Cakuda polyurethane a cikin gina gine-gine da kuma jagoran samfurin, bin misalin abubuwan da suka gabata.
  2. Yankin gefen da aka gina tsarin ya kamata a tashe shi kamar wata centimeters don tallafawa sakin iska daga polyurethane.
  3. Bar shi daskare har rana daya.
  4. Bayan an cire shi daga filayen, za a bar hanyar da za a samo asali don wasu kwana biyu don hardening final.

Video: polyurethane siffofin

Yana da muhimmanci! Saboda gaskiyar cewa wannan abu yana fitar da abubuwa masu haɗari, ana iya amfani dashi da amfani da kayan aikin sirri na sirri.

Yadda za a shirya cakuda don yin gyaran duwatsu

Don samun kyawawan duwatsu, ya kamata ku zuba a cikin kyakkyawan tsari a kalla mai kyau cakuda. Tana bukatar:

  • ƙarfi;
  • ruwa mai iya rage ruwa;
  • jure yanayin yawan zafi;
  • abrasion juriya;
  • juriya ga danniya na inji;
  • tsari maras nauyi.

A yayin da ake yin shinge masu amfani da hanyoyi sunyi amfani da hanyoyi guda biyu:

  • ta yin amfani da gyare-gyaren vibratory;
  • by vibropressing.
Zauren faɗakarwa na vibratory, wanda zaka iya amfani da kwamfutar da ya fi sauƙi da aka yi da hannuwanka, shine hanya kawai don masu sana'a na gida su samo duwatsu a gida. Don tsabtace jiki yana buƙatar kayan aiki mai mahimmanci da wasu takamarorin don kiyayewa. Girman dutse masu kyau, waɗanda aka samarda ta hanyarmu, yawanci ana yin sau biyu tare da ƙara karfafa additives a tsakanin layers (amma, hakika, takalma ɗaya-Layer yana da halaye masu dacewa kuma yana da sauƙi a yi). Da farko, an yi lakaran fuska, bayan haka an sanya shi asali. Sabili da haka, cakuda don yin kwakwalwa na nau'i biyu. Tsakanin layi biyu na tile an dagewa kayan ƙarfafa, wanda shine sashi na sanduna, aka sanya shi don su zama fasinja. Wannan aiki za a iya maye gurbinsu ta hanyar ƙara ƙarfafa kayan filastik zuwa maganin.
Yana da muhimmanci! Tsarin lokaci tsakanin waɗannan matakai biyu bai kamata ya zama fiye da minti 25 ba don ya hana ƙaddamar da tile.
Haɗa don fuska fuska. Don samun mita na mita mai girman launi na kwasfa, wanda yake da karfi da sanyi, yana buƙatar:

  • ciminti PC500 - 3 buckets;
  • kananan crushed dutse da kogin yashi yalwace a daidai rabbai - 6 buckets;
  • dispersant da pigment dye a cikin hanyar wani bayani - 0.8 l;
  • ruwa - 8 l.
Dole ne a zuba ciminti a cikin cakuda yashi da kuma filastiker, sannan, bayan an hadewa sosai, ƙara dutse mai gushewa kuma a karshe zuba ruwa a kananan kundin. Yawancin sakamakon da zai haifar ya zama kama da cream mai tsami, amma mafita ya kamata ya kasance da sauƙi a rarraba a cikin girman nauyin.

Bidiyo: shirye-shirye na lakaran launin launi domin zane-zanen duwatsu da alƙalai

Girman duwatsu masu tayarwa yana ingantaccen ingantaccen lokacin da aka yi amfani dashi a lokacin cika matrix na launi. Girgirawa yana janye cakuda daga kumbon iska, ya rage adadin pores a cikin samfurin kuma hakan ya sa ya fi karfi.

Rasa ga gashin gashi. An shirya ta kamar yadda yake a cikin yanayin fuska fuska, amma ba ya shafi dye da dispersant. Dispersant zai iya maye gurbin waɗanda ba su da tsada masu tsada, misali, a cikin nau'i mai tsabta. Wasu canje-canje suna jurewa da rabo tsakanin cakuda yashi da ciminti, wanda yanzu shine 1: 3.

Yana da muhimmanci! Yayin da ake yin gyaran kafa don gyaran duwatsun, an bada shawara don samar da matrix na angular lokaci guda wanda zai ba ka damar sanya sasanninta kuma don haka kada a yanke cikin duwatsu masu kyau.
Dukansu nau'i-nau'i a cikin tsari - duka fuska da kuma na asali - dole ne ya kasance aƙalla kusan santimita biyu. Dole ne a gudanar da siffofi na ruwan sama a kan tebur mai launi don tsawon minti 5-10, sannan kuma ku gyara farfajiyar, ku rufe siffofin tare da fim sannan ku bar bushe don 1-2 days a zafin jiki na +15 zuwa +25 ° C.

Fidio: yin haɓakaccen haɗuwa

Masana kimiyya na zamani da kayan aiki sun ba da izinin mai sana'a don yin siffofi don samar da duwatsu masu tasowa masu kyau, waɗanda ba su da mahimmanci ga kamfanonin gyare-gyare, ba a cikin sassan aiki ba kuma a cikin kayan ado.

Bidiyo: siffofi na gida don yin gyaran fuska

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