Verbena wata shuka ce mai tasowa ko shekara-shekara daga dangin Verbena. Kasar haihuwarta ita ce Kudancin Amurka, daga inda shuka ta yadu ko'ina cikin Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka. Itaciyar fure mai tsananin zafi a kasarmu ana noma ta azaman shekara-shekara. Ya shahara sosai tare da lambu, kuma ana amfani dashi don dalilai na magani. Ana iya samun Verbena a ƙarƙashin sunayen "jinin Mercury", "ciyawar baƙin ƙarfe", "hawaye na Juno." An yi birgima a cikin rudani mai ban mamaki, da yawa suna da alaƙa da shuka tare da rawar jiki na musamman. Verbena ana daukar mai tsaron gidan, jindadin zama da kuma zuciya.
Bayanin Botanical
Verbena ciyawa ce ko kuma itace mai ƙarfi, mai jigon rhizome kuma ya kafa mai tushe wanda reshe yafi na ɓangare na sama. Tsawon harbe zai iya zama 0.2-1.5 m. Ribbed santsi mai tushe an rufe shi da launin fata mai launin fata. Yawancin lokaci suna da gaskiya, amma akwai kuma masauki.
M gajerun ganye-Opan itace kan girma gabaɗaya tsawon tsawon harbe. Suna da sihiri mai kyau tare da gefuna ko yanki. A launi na ganye ya bambanta daga kore zuwa haske kore. Wani gajeren tari yana bayyane akan farji mai kumburi tsakanin jijiyoyin.
Tuni a cikin Yuli, m paniculate ko corymbose inflorescences an kafa a saman na mai tushe. Kowane ya ƙunshi 30-50 buds, waɗanda ke buɗe bi da bi. Rolaramin Corollas mai haske guda biyar tare da diamita na 15-25 mm ana fentin su da fararen fata, rawaya, ruwan hoda, ja, shuɗi da Lilac. Akwai nau'ikan furanni tare da furanni masu launi biyu da furanni masu launuka daban-daban a cikin inflorescence ɗaya. Lokacin fure da kansa yana da tsawo. Ya ci gaba har sai sanyi.
Bayan pollination, 'ya'yan itãcen sun girma - prefabricated kwayoyi tare da zaitun ko haske launin ruwan kasa surface. Ripening, sun fashe zuwa sassan 4 kuma suna saki ƙananan tsaba masu elongated na launin launin toka mai haske.
Nau'in Verbena
Bambancin bambance bambancen yanayin kalmomin sun hada da fiye da nau'ikan 200. Koyaya, kaɗan daga cikinsu ake amfani da su a aikin lambu. An ba da fifiko ga nau'ikan matasan na ado.
Verbena officinalis. A herbaceous perennial tare da sanannun-rhizome da ke zurfi cikin ƙasa. Girman ƙasa yana girma 30-60 cm a tsayi. Madaidaiciya, tmathedral kara dan kadan pubescent tare da fuskoki. Ganyayyaki mai gajeran gajere kusa da ƙasa suna da feathery, sassaka siffa tare da manyan, hakora mai laushi tare da gefuna. Kusa da kai zuwa saman, farantin ganye ya zama mai kauri, kuma petioles ɗin sun shuɗe. An tattara ƙananan furanni a cikin ƙananan paniculate inflorescences. Suna farawa a saman firam harbe kuma a cikin axils na ganye. Kyakkyawan shunayya mai launin shuɗi ko shunayya mai haske tare da bututun silima na fitowa daga ƙoƙon gashi na gashi. Furanni na fure a watan Yuni-Yuli. A watan Agusta-Satumba, layin mara launi ko launin ruwan kasa ya bayyana.
Verbena Buenos Aires. An bambanta herbaceous perennial ta babban (har zuwa 120 cm), amma siririn harba. A m m rassan rassan a saman, kuma a kasan an rufe elongated lanceolate ganye tare da serrated gefuna. Daga tsakiyar lokacin rani, madaidaiciya laima ta fure. Sun ƙunshi furanni da yawa furanni tare da furanni masu launin amethyst 5. Daga tsakiyar Satumba, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari.
Verbena bonar. Itataccen fure tare da kafaffen mai tushe 100-120 cm tsayi ne na gama gari na ado. Baƙatacciyar alama ta harbe harbe tare da ƙaramar buɗewar furannin fure a ƙarshen ɗakin umra tare da ƙananan furanni masu launin shuɗi.
Lemun tsami Verbena. Itatuwan tsire-tsire mai ƙanshi mai saurin tsiro zuwa 1.5-2 m ba ga tsayi. Ganyenta mai launin ruwan goro-mai-zaitun an rufe shi da kyawawan ganye na lanceolate mai launin shuɗi mai haske. Lokacin shafa ganye, ana jin ƙanshin yaji mai mahimmanci tare da bayanan citrus, Mint da lemun tsami lemon tsami. A cikin axils na apical ganye a farkon Yuli, kananan karye-dimbin yawa inflorescences na pinkish-Lilac hue bayyana.
Verbena ne matasan. Wannan rukunin ya haɗu da nau'ikan lambun tare da kyan kayan ado. Ga wasu daga cikinsu:
- Amethyst - ciyayi har zuwa 30 cm tsayi fure mai kyau kyawawan furanni shuɗi mai duhu;
- Crystal - karfi da harbe harbe har zuwa 25 cm babban karshen tare da dusar ƙanƙara-fararen inflorescences tare da manyan (tare da diamita har zuwa 6.5 cm) corollas;
- Etna - tsintsiya mai tsayi har zuwa 0,5 m an rufe shi da kayan buɗe furannin emerald, ya riga ya yi fure a watan Mayu tare da furanni masu launin shuɗi tare da fararen ido;
- Cardinal - karamin daji mai nauyin 40 cm tsayi tare da inflorescences mai yawa tare da corollas ja mai haske.
- Rarraba kuma sanannen ƙungiya shine elan wasan gaba ɗaya. Ya bambanta a cikin shinge, masauki mai tushe, don haka ya dace don dasa shuki a cikin furannin furanni da tukwane. Iri:
- Hoto - harbe na bakin ciki har zuwa 0.5 m tsawo a lokacin rani an rufe shi da hemispherical violet-purple inflorescences;
- Kogin Moon - wanda aka yi wa lakabi da daji ya zama daji, kuma ƙarshensu sun rataye daga furen fure. A lokacin rani, an rufe kambi tare da manyan lalonder inflorescences.
Siffofin Yaduwa
Verbena za a iya yaduwa ta tsaba da ƙwaya. Yankin shuka shine ya zama ruwan dare gama gari, tunda galibin lambunan cikin gida suna adon shekara. 'Ya'yan' ya'yan itace ne wadanda aka shuka daga zuriya, saboda haka yana yiwuwa a ga abubuwan da ke akwai a farko. An samar da amfanin gona a watan Maris, a cikin akwatuna tare da yashi da peat ƙasa. Na farko, an shuka tsaba tsawon kwanaki 1-3 a ruwa mai ɗumi. Bonard Verbena yana buƙatar sassaucin sanyi a cikin firiji don kwanaki 5-6. Sa'an nan kuma ana shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin 5 mm, moistened an rufe shi da fim.
Ana kiyaye greenhouse a cikin zafin jiki na + 18 ... + 20 ° C kuma a cikin haske na yanayi. Ya kamata a cire Condensate kullun kuma a fesa. Harbe yana bayyana bayan makonni 3-4. Bayan haka, an tura akwatin zuwa wuri mai sanyaya. Bayan wata daya, ana shuka seedlings a cikin tukwane na mutum tare da ciyar da takin mai dauke da nitrogen. Bayan an sami karbuwa, saro tsiran tsirrai don sanyawa. Ana buƙatar dasa bishiyoyi na Verbena a cikin ƙasa lokacin da aka kafa yanayi mai ɗorewa.
Sosai na ado da kyawawan nau'ikan suna yaduwa ta hanyar yankan itace. Don yin wannan, a cikin kaka, an haife daji uwa kuma an canza shi zuwa ɗaki mai ƙasa, amma yanayin zafi mai kyau. A cikin bazara, ana yanke itace daga firam na harbe. Kowane zai sami nau'i-nau'i na ganye. Cutaramin sare ana aikata shi a nesa na 1 cm daga wurin. Kadai biyu na ganye ne kawai aka rage akan ƙasan, sauran kuma an cire su gaba daya. Ana dasa bishiyoyi cikin tukwane tare da perlite ko ƙasa mai yashi-peat zuwa zurfin kusan 1 cm (ga koda na farko). Ana shayar da tsire-tsire kuma an rufe su da jaka don kula da babban zafi. Bayan makonni 3, Tushen ya bayyana kuma kodan zai fara zama. Dasa dabbobin a cikin ƙasa ana shirin don Mayu-Yuni.
Kulawar Verbena
Ana shuka busheshen busheshen Verbena a fili a ƙarshen Mayu, kuma a cikin yankuna na arewacin a farkon watan Yuni. Suna iya yin tsayayya da sanyi har zuwa -3 ° C, amma na wani ɗan gajeren lokaci. Mafi kyawun wurin shuka shine yanki mai tsabta mai kyau a waje. Kuna iya amfani da yanki mai inuwa ƙarƙashin gado na fure.
Verbena yana buƙatar ƙasa mai laushi da sako. Humus loam zai yi. Ana ɗaukar ƙasa mai nauyi tare da yashi. Dasawa ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar jigilar gwiwa ko tare da tukwane peat. Nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire kusan cm 20. Manyan maki suna buƙatar nesa na 25-30 cm daga juna. A kasan fossa da ke saukowa, an shimfiɗa pebbles ko tsakuwa a matsayin magudanar ruwa. Sauko da kanta zai fi dacewa a yi cikin hadari ko ruwa. Idan ba a tsammanin hazo ba, ana shuka bushesan maraice da yamma kuma ana shayar da yalwa.
Veraramin maganganu suna buƙatar shayarwa na yau da kullun, amma ba tare da tsayawa ba. Tare da shekaru, haƙuri haƙuri yana ƙaruwa. Idan babu hazo, ƙasa tana daɗaɗa ruwa tare da ƙaramin rabo na ruwa.
Ana amfani da takin mai magani sau 3-4 a kowace kakar. An ba da shawarar yin amfani da mahaɗan ma'adinai na potassium-phosphorus ko kwayoyin halitta (sau biyu ƙasa da sau biyu). Yayi matukar himma da ciyar da shi bashi da mahimmanci, in ba haka ba harbe zasu bunkasa karfi, kuma fure zaiyi rauni.
Lokaci-lokaci, kwance ƙasa a kusa da verbena kuma cire ciyayi kusa da tsire-tsire matasa. Manyan katako na jurewa da ciyawar da kansu. Fa'idojinsu suna girma cikin fadi kuma suna girma mai yawa wanda wasu tsire-tsire basu ji dadi ba.
Don ci gaba da fure, wilted inflorescences ya kamata a yanka nan da nan. Wannan hanyar zai taimaka wajen nisantar kamun kai. Hakanan za'a iya rage tataccen ta hanyar kwata-tsayin tsayin, yana bawa harbewar bayyanar.
Tun da verbena tsire-tsire ne mai tsananin zafi, bazai iya yin hunturu a buɗe ƙasa ba. A lokacin kaka, ana yankan ciyawa mai bushe, kuma aka girka wurin. Sai kawai a cikin sosai kudu ƙasar kasar za a iya kiyaye bushes karkashin wani lokacin farin ciki Layer busassun ganye. Itatuwa an riga an yanke shi, ya bar 5-6 cm sama da ƙasa. Idan aka yi girma iri iri a cikin furannin fure, an kawo su cikin daki mai sanyi, mai haske.
Cututtukan Verbena kusan ba mummunan abu bane. Ko da ta saba da fasaha na aikin gona, kusan bai sha wahala daga gare su. A cikin tsananin zafi, ko kuma, a taqaice, tare da gurɓatar ruwa na ƙasa na yau da kullun, mildew mai ƙarfi, tushen ɓarke, da sauran cututtukan fungal. Magunguna na Sulfur ko Fundazole suna samun ceto daga gare su. Spider mites da aphids kuma za su iya sauka a kan shuka, daga abin da kwari suke iya kawar da sauri.
Dukiya mai amfani
Ciyawar ciyawa ta Verbena ta ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na glycosides, flavonoids, mai mahimmanci mai mahimmanci, bitamin da abubuwan abubuwan ganowa. An tattara, bushe, sannan amfani dashi don shirya kayan ado da tinctures. Magungunan suna da choleretic, diaphoretic, disinfecting sakamako. Ana amfani dasu don magance zazzabi, hujin wuya, mura da kumburi. Tea tare da sprigs na verbena da yawa na taimakawa wajen jimre gajiya, jijiyoyi, rashin bacci, rashin jin daɗi, da tashin hankali. Ana amfani da ruwan mayuka don warkar da tafasasshen hanji, eczema, rashes, scabies. Matasa dauke da jaka na busassun ciyawa 'yan fewan shekarun da suka gabata waɗanda matasa suka ɗauka don inganta ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da iya koyo.
Contraindications zuwa shan verbena shine ciki. Grass yana kara sautin tsoka kuma yana iya haifar da ashara. Yayin shayarwa, yakamata ku nemi likitan ku kafin ku sha. Hakanan, tare da taka tsantsan, yin amfani da kwayoyi ya kamata ya kasance ga mutane masu haɗari ga rashin lafiyar jiki.
Tsarin shimfidar wuri
Ganyen fure mai haske na bude kayan ganye, wanda akan sa furanni masu ƙanshi na tsawan watanni, suna zama abin ado na ban mamaki. Ana amfani da Verbena a cikin gonar fure mai hade, kamar yadda a cikin shuka rukuni tare da tsare, bango da kuma shinge. Kuna iya dasa furanni a cikin furannin furanni da furannin fure, kuna adon su da baranda, baranda ko verandas. Ampel jinsunan suna samar da caca mai kyau. An ba da izinin haɗuwa da iri tare da launuka daban-daban.
A kan gado na fure, ana hada verbena tare da marigolds, asters, echinacea da hatsi. Amfani da shi a cikin bouquets na inflorescences ba shi daraja. Bayan wasu 'yan kwanaki, injin mai haske zai fara bushewa ya fadi.
