Astra shine ciyawar ciyawa mai tsinkaye daga dangin Asteraceae, ko Astra. Girma a cikin bushes, na iya isa tsayi har zuwa cm 150. stemsa stemsan itace suna madaidaiciya da ƙarfi, ganye suna da sauki. Petals suna da sifar harshe, suna da tsayi daban-daban, ana tattara su cikin kwanduna. Kusa da tsakiyar cibiyar, ya fi guntu da petals. Manyan tsakiya suna fentin rawaya, launin ɗayan furannin na iya zama wani abu: shuɗi, ruwan hoda, lemo mai tsami, lilac, da dai sauransu. Seedsa ean elongated suna da parachute don rarrabawa mai sauƙi. Akwai nau'ikan asters 200. Akwai masu asters na shekara da shekara. Sunan kimiyya shine callistefus.
Bayanin launuka
Asters aka kawo zuwa Turai daga China. Sunan a Latin ya fassara a matsayin "tauraro". Tarihin kasar Sin ya ce da zarar dodanni biyu sun yanke shawarar isa ga taurarin, suna hawa tsaunukan Altai. Dawowa baya cikin gazawa, sai suka yi tuntuɓe a kan wani ciyayi mai cike da furanni, ɗayan dodannin kuma ya ce: "Muna neman taurari a sararin sama, kuma suna rayuwa a duniya!" Suna kiransu da sunan maganarsu - aster.
Take
Don bayani! Astra - alama ce ta tufafi da ladabi, tana kiyaye budurwa.
Asters, dasa shuki da kulawa a filin buɗe ido wanda ba ya buƙatar ƙoƙari mai yawa, zai yi ado da kowane lambu. Yadda ake bunkasa asters a kasar, gaba.
Noma
Asters (girma daga tsaba yana buƙatar ingantaccen ƙasa) yana ƙaunar ƙasa mai ɗan acidic. Ana amfani da gaurayawan haɗin gwiwa kamar yadda aka shirya ƙasa ko ƙasa akan kansu: peat, turf, yashi an haɗe shi a cikin rabo na 2: 1: 0.5, an ƙara rabin gilashin itace na itace (ko 2 tbsp.spoons na dolomite gari), sieved kuma an kwashe shi a cikin tukunyar jirgi na tsawon awa daya. Idan ba zai yuwu yin tururi ba, zaku iya rigar da ƙasa da cikakken bayani na potassium permanganate ko fungicide. An tsara waɗannan matakan don kare seedlings daga kamuwa da cututtukan fungal don haɓaka ƙwayoyin lafiya.
Mahimmanci! A kasan tankin saukar da ƙasa ya kamata a sami matattarar magudanar ruwa (duwatsun, kwakwalwan bulo, ƙwaƙwalwa), kuma a cikin ƙasa kanta - buɗewa don sakin danshi mai laushi.
Da farko, yi amfani da ƙananan kwantena. Ana ƙara dasa bishiyoyi cikin kwalaye daban, tukwane ko kofuna. Astra ya yarda da wani abu mai kyau kuma ya haɓaka cikin babban iko.
Zabi lokacin da ya dace don shuka
Yaushe dasa asters na shuka? Mafi kyawun lokacin yana cikin farkon Afrilu. A cikin kyakkyawan greenhouse, ana iya shuka shi a cikin Maris, amma ba a baya ba, kamar yadda willa seedlingsan seedlings za su rasa haske.
Tsarin iri da shuka
Mako guda kafin shuka asters, ana sanya tsaba a cikin nama kuma a cikin tsararren bayani na potassium permanganate. Bayan sa'o'i 12, an cire matsanancin danshi kuma a sanya shi a cikin jakar filastik kuma a sanya shi a cikin wurin dumi don germination.
Abubuwan Aster suna da yawa, saboda haka ana shuka su ba sau da yawa.
Mahimmanci! Lokacin dasa shuki, dole ne a ɗauka a hankali cewa sun rasa ƙwayar su da sauri, saboda haka sabo ne kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da shi.
Don dasa shuki, ana yin tsagi a cikin ƙasa, ana zuba tsaba a wurin, an yayyafa shi da yashi a saman kuma an zubar dashi tare da mafita na potassiumgangan ta sieve. Rufe tare da fim ko saman gilashin kuma barin don fitowa a cikin wurin dumi. Ana fitar da harbe-harbe a cikin wani wuri mai sanyi.
Daidai shirya sabo tsaba tsiro 5-10 kwanaki bayan dasa.
Yadda ake kulawa da shuki
Wajibi ne a shayar da kwarkwata da wuya, amma ba a zuba ta ba, tunda furen na iya rashin lafiya da kafaƙar fata (naman gwari).
Da zaran farkon tsiro ya bayyana, an sanya akwati mai ɗorawa a cikin wuri mai sanyi da sanyi (a kan windowsill).
Aster seedlings fito da kyau. Idan an shirya ƙasa mai gina jiki, takin zamani ba lallai ba ne. A cikin ƙasa mara kyau, ana shayar da seedlings tare da biofertilizer ko jiko na ash a mako bayan dasawa.
Mahimmanci! Kada kayi amfani da takin nitrogen, suna lalata ingancin fure.
Zaɓin wurin da kuma shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Fertasar da ba ta acidic ba ta dace da asters. An zaɓi wurin da haske, rana, wanda ruwa ba zai yi tururi a lokacin ban ruwa ba.
Saukowa
Kafin dasa shuki asters a kan titi, tsire-tsire suna fushi: kuna buƙatar ɗaukar su zuwa kan titi ko kuma buɗe ƙofofin idan ƙwayayen suka girma a cikin greenhouse. Don haka za ta iya jurewa da "ƙaura" da sauƙi sanyaya.
Zai yuwu ku dasa shuki a cikin bude daga tsakiyar watan Mayu: finishedarshen da ya ƙare ya zama 10 cm a tsayi kuma yana da ganye. Mafi yawan wuraren ɓawon fure shine inda saƙar ya shiga cikin kashin baya. Don hana rauni, furanni suna shayar da yawa kuma bayan rabin sa'a ana cire su daga ƙasa tare da ɗan ƙaramin yatsa ko wasa.
Ana dasa shukoki a cikin tsaran cike da ruwa a nesa na 20-30 cm, tsakanin tsummokin hagu ya ragu zuwa rabin m.
Saukowa
Hanyar juyawa
Zai fi kyau zaɓi zaɓi peersn asters, dasa shuki da kulawa a filin buɗe ido wanda ba shi da wahala musamman.
Girma furanni daga tsaba ana iya aiwatarwa kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude. Ana yin wannan a farkon lokacin bazara. An rufe zuriya a cikin kananan tsummoki, an rufe shi da ƙasa kaɗan kuma an rufe shi da fim. Lokacin da harbe suka bayyana, ana buƙatar cire fim ɗin. Lokacin da ganye masu ƙarfi guda uku suka bayyana, sai aka fitar da tsirarwar don haka nisan da ke tsakanin su ya zama santimita 10-15. Dole ne a haƙa fitar da seedlingsanyan bishiyoyi a hankali sannan a watsa su zuwa wani gado.
Yadda ake tsara shuka yadda yakamata a lokacin bazara da kuma lokacin hunturu
A cikin hunturu, asters shuka a cikin fall, a watan Oktoba Nuwamba-. Lokacin haƙa, an ƙara taki zuwa ƙasa. Farfajiya ta keɓewa da rake kuma ana yin ɗakuna kuma an rufe ta da lutrasil har zuwa lokacin sanyi na farko.
A farkon sanyi, ana shuka tsaba bushe a cikin shirye kuma an yayyafa shi da ƙasa a 2 cm.
An rufe gado da keren filastik, ana matsa gefuna tare da slats ko bulo. A wannan tsari, an bar shuka don hunturu. A cikin bazara, kusa da Afrilu, an maye gurbin polyethylene tare da kayan rufewa.
Idan ba zai yiwu a shirya ƙasa ba kafin farkon sanyi, to, a ƙananan rafuka zaka iya shukawa: tono ƙasa mai sanyi, ƙara ash ko gidan humus kuma shuka iri.
Mahimmanci! Dasa bushe tsaba yana halatta kawai bayan farkon sanyi. Idan aka yi shuka a baya, za su yi toho tun kafin tsananin sanyi su mutu.
Shuka
Kula bayan fure da shiri don hunturu
A cikin shirye-shiryen hunturu, asters basa buƙatar takin (kawai idan waɗannan sababbin ciyayi ne). Trimming shuka ko a'a, zaɓi ne na mutum. A duka halayen biyu, yakan yi kyau sosai. Idan an yanke busheshen bushe, to, dole ne a rufe tushen da busassun ganye. Idan inji mai rauni, an rufe shi da rassan spruce.
Ta yaya asters ke kiwo
Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don yaduwar furanni.
Raba Bush
Perennial asters ana yaduwa ta hanyar rarraba daji a bazara. Ba lallai ba ne don tono asters na daji, ya isa ya raba tare da shebur. An raba aikin rarrabuwa a kowace shekara 3-4, don haka tsire zai sake farfadowa da kuma kawar da wuce haddi, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga tsufa da haɓaka cututtukan fungal.
Kuna iya raba daji zuwa kananan sassa tare da buds da yawa. Shekarar ta gaba, kowane bangare zai zama shuka mai zaman kanta.
Mahimmanci! A kowane mãkirci, dole ne a sami harbe-harbe da yawa ko toho tare da asalinsu.
Raba
Yankan
Ana yin yankan daga Mayu zuwa Agusta. Kara zai iya zama duka rawanin tushe da kuma duka tarko. Wurin ya yi duhu. Kafin dasa asters, an hado gado tare da cakuda ciyawar, peat da yashi a cikin rabo na 2: 1: 1. An dasa ganyen da aka dasa tare da fim.
Siffofin kulawa na shuka a cikin bude ƙasa
Kula da asters bashi da wahala. Me kuke buƙatar tunawa?
Zazzabi
Yanayin zafin jiki kada ya yi yawa sosai, saboda wannan yana taimakawa ci gaban fungi.
Haske
Matsayi don asters ya kamata ya kasance rana, saboda shuka ba ya tsoron haske. Ana iya dasa shi a cikin inuwa m, amma fure zai kasance yalwatacce.
Watse
Ana shayar da gadaje yayin da ƙasa ke bushewa, tana guje wa ruwa ba ƙin cika ƙasa.
A cikin yanayin bushe, ana iya rufe Tushen busassun ciyawa ko ɗanɗano. Idan yanayin yayi ruwa, dakatar da ruwa.
Fesa
M fesa seedlings ko kananan harbe a cikin ƙasa bude. A cikin mako na farko, ana aiwatar da aikin sau ɗaya a rana, a cikin na biyu - sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki 2, a na uku - sau 2 a mako.
Haushi
Kasar gona ana buƙatar matsakaici matsakaici. Abubuwan rarrabewa daga al'ada suna taimakawa ci gaban fungi da lalata shuka.
Kasar
Mustasar dole ne ta kasance sako-sako don jijiyar oxygen. Yana buƙatar a kwance kullun kuma an girbe ciyawa, wannan yana taimakawa karewa daga cututtuka.
Kula! Kada ku dasa asters a cikin inda tumatir ko dankali ke girma da wuri. Bayan su, cututtukan cututtukan fungal suna cikin ƙasa.
Manyan miya
Ana amfani da takin zamani sau uku:
- Makonni 2 bayan dasawa;
- yayin samuwar buds;
- kafin fure.
Tsarin ma'adinai da ash ash sun dace.
Mahimmanci! Kada ku ciyar da asters tare da takin nitrogen, saboda suna rage ingancin fure.
Haske
Yaushe kuma yadda yake habaka
Ya danganta da nau'in halittar, asters suna yin fure a farkon lokacin bazara ko kusa da kaka. An rarrabasu cikin jinsuna gwargwadon rayuwarsu, tsayin bushes da fure.
Mafi mashahuri sune asters:
- Sinanci
- Alpine
- Italiyanci
- Tatar;
- Siberiyanci
- nau'in dwarf;
- iri nau'in chrysanthemum;
- peony iri.
Don bayani! Sau da yawa furanni suna cikin kamannin ƙwal. Girman su ya dogara da nau'in halittu.
Manyan furanni masu fure a asters na nau'ikan da ke tafe:
- Italiyanci ɗan jannabi;
- Galaxy
- Gala
- Oktyabrina;
- Snow White
Mafi qarancin furanni a cikin jinsuna:
- dwarf mai tsayi;
- Sabuwar Turanci (Amurka);
- gwal na gwal.
Asters sun yi fure na dogon lokaci, yayin da ake samun sabon fure a jikin bushes. Kuma budurwa guda ɗaya tana ɗaukar tsawon makonni 2-3, sannan sannu a hankali ta ƙare. Fulawa yana daga Yuni zuwa Yuli har sanyi na farko.
Gudun ruwa
Sauya bayan sayan da lokacin haifuwa
Dankin ya ba da haƙuri ga dasawa da kyau, babban abin ba shi ba ne ya cutar da Tushen, shirya ƙasa yadda yakamata kafin dasa shuki asters (steamed ko an zuba shi da ƙwayoyin potassium daga kwari kuma ƙara humus).
Mahimmanci! Don shirya furen, an cika shi da ruwa kuma a hankali ya haƙa.
Matsaloli masu yuwuwar girma
Wadanne matsaloli ne lambu zai iya fuskanta yayin girma asters?
Matsalar ganye
Ganyayyaki na iya jujjuya launin ja, walƙiya, kogunan duhu sun bayyana a kansu, kumburi cike da spores na iya zama. A ƙarshe, suna ja da bushewa. Duk waɗannan alamun alamun kamuwa da cuta ne na shuka.
Karin kwari
Daga cikin kwari su ne:
- slobbery pennies saki kumfa a cikin abin da larvae ci gaba, cinye ganye da mai tushe na fure. Saboda wannan, girma yana ragewa, kuma tare da mummunan lalacewar shuka ya mutu. Don magance kwaro, ana amfani da kayan ado na taba: 400 g an steamed a cikin guga na ruwa na awa 2. A cikin broth da aka gama, an ƙara ruwa zuwa lita 10. Hakanan ana ƙara ƙara sabulu mai wanki don maganin ya tsaya akan ganyayyaki;
- ciyawar ciyawa tana ciyar da ruwan furanni, mai tushe da ganyayyaki, suna barin farin dige. Don shawo kan m, an shuka tsiron tare da maganin malathion ko Pyrethrum;
- gizo-gizo gizo-gizo kuma yana ciyarwa a jikin ruwan tsirrai, amma ya zauna a bayan ganye, wanda hakan yake sanya su launin rawaya da bushewa. Don magance shi, an yayyafa taurari tare da jiko na taba ko albasa. Hakanan yana iya zama ado na yarrow;
- gamma diba ciyar a kan m sassa na shuka. Kyau ne wanda daga ciki mai launin fata mai launin fata yana ƙyanƙyashe tare da zane akan fikafikai a cikin harafin Girkanci "gamma". Expasashe ta hanyar fesa tare da chlorophos ko karbofos;
- koda koda aphid yana cin tsire-tsire (musamman ma tukwici) a matakin seedling. Don magance, fesa chlorophosomes ko karbofosomes.
Aphids
Cutar
Matsalolin asma:
- Fusarium A causative wakili ne fungal kamuwa da cuta. Useswayoyin cuta suna haɓaka cikin ƙasa kuma sun shiga cikin shuka ta hanyar tushen. Ganyayyaki sun fara jujjuyawa, juya rawaya, curl, duhu duhu ya bayyana. Yana bayyana sauƙin wuya a ƙarƙashin yanayi masu kyau (yanayin zafi). Dole ne a cire tsirewar da abin ya shafa, kuma a hankali aka yayyafa shi da maganin maganin farin ƙarfe. Hakanan, an yayyafa ƙasa da quicklime;
- kafa na baki. A causative wakili ne fungal kamuwa da cuta. Seedlings shafi: da farko sun juya baƙi, to, tushe fara rot. An cire ciyawar da ba ta da lafiya, sauran kuma ana maganin ta da maganin ruwan bilki. Soilasa da kewayen tsire-tsire an yayyafa shi da yashi;
- tsatsa Bar barna a baya. Pustules cike da nau'i na spores. Ana yayyafa tsire-tsire masu haɗari tare da cakuda sulfur da lemun tsami a cikin rabo 1: 1 ko ruwa na Bordeaux;
- jaundice. Hanyar causative shine aphids da cicadas. Bar ganye fara haske da kuma rasa pigment. Girma yayi saurin sauka, buds ya zama kore. Ana cire tsire-tsire masu lalacewa. Don magance cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, an fesa su da zazzabi ko zazzabi. Don hana cutar, wajibi ne don yaƙar aphids (spraying tare da decoction ko jiko na yarrow).
Cutar
Alamun rashin kulawa
Kodayake ana tunanin asters launuka marasa fassara, har yanzu suna buƙatar kulawa.
- Furen yana tsoron fari, amma tarawarsa kuma yana da lahani: tare da rashin ruwa, inji ya bushe, tare da wuce gona da iri - yana rots.
- Asters suna buƙatar weeding: wannan yana kare su daga kwari da cututtuka.
- Hakanan bayyanar cututtukan shima sakamakon rashin kulawa ne ko shiri na ƙasa.
A kowane hali, asters sun cancanci lokacin da aka basu. Babban abu shine zaɓi iri-iri, dasa shi daidai kuma samar da yanayin da ake buƙata. Kuma sannan furanni zasu faranta maka ido duk lokacin bazara har zuwa lokacin kaka.
