Peperomia shine tsufa na tsufa daga dangin barkono. A yanayi, ana samunsa a cikin dazuzzukan daji masu duhu da kuma kankaraan dutse a cikin yankunan da ke da ƙasa da kuma wurare masu zafi. Shootswancin furanni masu sassauƙa da ganyayyaki masu cike da launuka masu launuka daban-daban da launuka suna sa peperomia sanannen shuka ne tsakanin masu girbin furannin gida. Babban nau'in nau'in yana ba ka damar zaɓar samfurori tare da mahimmancin bayanan waje. Domin shuka ya yi tushe kuma ya girma sosai, ya zama dole a yi nazarin wasu ka'idoji na kulawa da kirkirar yanayi mai gamsarwa gareshi.
Bayanin Shuka
Peperomia - tsire-tsire na herbaceous ko shrub tare da shimfidar ɗakuna fleshy mai tushe. Sau da yawa yana jagorantar rayuwar epiphyte ko lithophyte. Kowace shekara, ana ƙara harbe har zuwa cm 13 a tsayi.Domin suna da siffar maraƙin, tsire-tsire masu tsayi ne kawai 20-50 cm.
Ganyen sun girma a mai tushe kuma suna haɗe tare da petioles. Ya danganta da nau'in halitta, tsarin ganyayyaki yana da bambanci sosai. Akwai wani ganye mai santsi ko na falle (mai iya), wanda aka fentin cikin koren haske, da siladi ko koren duhu. Wasu nau'in sun bambanta ganye tare da gwal na zinariya, launin ruwan kasa ko na azurfa.
Kodayake babban janyewar shuka shine ainihin ganye, peperomia na iya yin fure. Lokacin fure yana cikin bazara-bazara. A wannan lokacin, m inflorescences, kunnuwa na masara, kamar plantain, tashi sama da shoot daga sinuses na babba ganye. An fentin su cikin cream ko ruwan hoda. Tsarin pollination da yanayin 'ya'yan itace yana faruwa ne kawai a yanayi, tare da taimakon wasu nau'in kwari. 'Ya'yan itacen busassun itace ne da ke da yawancin ƙananan tsaba. Berries rabu da shoot a wata 'yar alamar tabawa.
Yawan nau'ikan iri
Gaba ɗaya, 1161 nau'ikan suna da aka rubuta a cikin halittar peperomia. Kowane tsire-tsire na iya bambanta da juna. A cikin al'adun daki, ba a sami yawancin dozin 1-2 da yawa.
Peperomia wawa ne. Itaccan tare da madaidaiciya, harbe da aka rufe tare da fata mai launin shuɗi, ke tsiro adadi mai yawa na ganye mai tsayi har zuwa cm 12 tsayi. Suna da gajerun petioles. Shahararrun kayan ado ne variegate peperomia. Ganyenta tare da tsakiyar koren duhu kore yana yin haske da koren haske ko cream maras kyau. Ana iya ganin alamun bugun ciki a tsakiyar tare da jijiya.
Peperomia magnolia. Branarfafa ƙarfi, harbe kai tsaye suna da dandaɗa fata mai laushi kuma an rufe shi da yawancin ganye mai laushi. Farantin ganye na obovate tare da ɗan ƙaramin fitila na tsiro tsawon cm 12-15. Ganyayyaki kore wasu lokuta ana rufe su da rawaya ko azurfa.
Peperomia Lilian. Karamin itace tare da kyawawan ganye-mai ƙyalli na zuciya yana da ado sosai. Fuskar ganye a tsakanin jijiyoyinmu sun kumbura kuma suna iya yin launi da bambanci. Ganyayyaki masu haske mai cike da haske suna girma kusa da juna, suna samar da daji mai yawa. A farkon lokacin bazara, inflorescences mai yawa ya bayyana tare da thickening a ƙarshen. Suna tashi sama da taro mai kan koren kore a farfajiyoyi masu tsawo. Greenish-fari ko kirim inflorescences vaguely kama Lily buds, wanda jinsin ya sami suna.
Peperomia klusielistnaya. Babban ciyawa ana halin madaidaici, harbe mai ƙyalli. Suna da manyan yatsun obovate-gajere. Ganyayyaki mai laushi ya kai tsawon cm 15. An fentin duhu duhu kuma suna da fatu-launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi kusa da gefen.
Peperomia Rosso. Itace mai tsayi har zuwa 25 cm tsayi an rufe shi da ganyen ganye. A kan mai tushe mai tushe, ganye yana girma a cikin bunches, kusa da juna. Shuka ta shahara saboda girman kwalliyarta saboda launi na ganyayyaki. Fuskarsu a fentin a cikin inuwa mai duhu duhu duhu inuwa. Kashin baya yana da launi mai haske-burgundy mai haske. A cikin yanayi yanayi, iri-iri kusan ba ya yin fure.
Peperomia wanda yayi zina. Herbaceous perennial dace da ampel namo. Matsayinsa na dogon tsayi an rufe shi da matsakaicin matsakaici mai ƙyalli ko rhombic foliage. Ganyen ganye, kusan ba tare da petioles ba, suna girma a cikin nodes. Flow yana faruwa a watan Yuni.
Peperomia alamarin. Babban iri-iri yana da manyan harbe. A farkon girma, mai tushe ya girma kai tsaye, amma sannu a hankali ya faɗi ƙarƙashin nauyinsu. An tattara ƙananan ganye cikin rauke na guda 3-5. Takaddun ganye masu kyau tare da gefen fuska mai ban sha'awa suna girma cm cm 3 a tsayi kuma 2-3 cm a fadi. Ana ganin jijiyoyin da aka zana gilashi a saman ganye. Ruwan duhu mai duhu an rufe shi da ruwan hoda mai ruwan shuɗi ko na azurfa.
Shugaban peperomia. Ampelic nau'in tsiro mai tsayi, amma na bakin ciki, harbe-harben kwari. Su ne m-m mai haske kore ganye na kananan size.
Hanyoyin kiwo
A gida, peperomia yana yaduwar shuka da tsire-tsire. Tsarin iri, kodayake yana ba da tsire-tsire da yawa a lokaci daya, na buƙatar ƙoƙari mai yawa. M kwantena tare da cakuda ƙasa mai yashi da yashi an shirya don dasawa. An rarraba ƙananan tsaba a farfajiya kuma an matse dan kadan zuwa ƙasa. An rufe tukunya da gilashi kuma a sanya shi a cikin ɗaki mai haske mai haske na yanayi da zazzabi na + 24 ... + 25 ° C. Ana canza ruwan ɗakunan kwalliya a kai a kai. Lokacin da seedlings suka bayyana, ana iya cire gilashin, amma kuna buƙatar fesa tsire-tsire akai-akai. Seedlingsauren da suka girma tare da ganyayyaki 2 na ainihi sun nutse cikin wani akwati tare da nesa na cm 2 A wannan lokacin, kyawawan launuka masu dacewa suna buƙatar ƙari. An dasa tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi zuwa cikin tukwane daban-daban tare da diamita na 5-7 cm.
Kayan lambu na yaduwa tsari ne na sauƙaƙawa. Ana amfani da hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- Rooting na kara cuttings. Harbe, musamman a cikin nau'in ampelous, da sauri yayi tsayi. Su za a iya yanke cikin guda da tushe. Kowane sandar yakamata ya sami ƙyallen 2-3. Na farko, ana sanya matakan a cikin akwati na ruwa mai dafaffen dumi. Lokacin da tushen farko ya bayyana, ana shuka iri a cikin tukwane da yashi da ƙasan peat. An rufe ganyen da wani abu mai ma'ana kuma ana ajiye shi cikin rijiyar da zazzabi tare da zazzabi kimanin + 25 ° C. A cikin mako guda kawai, ƙananan tsire-tsire a ƙarshe sun daidaita kuma ana iya girma kamar manya.
- Raba daga daji. Arfin ƙaƙƙarfan daji a cikin bazara yayin dasawa ya kasu kashi 2-3. Don wannan, ya zama dole don a hankali a saki mai rhizome daga laka na laka kuma a yanka da wuka mai kaifi. Kowane rarrabuwa dole ne ya sami tushen sa da kuma harbe da yawa.
- Sake bugun a kan wata takarda daban. Ko da kun sami nasarar ganye guda ɗaya tare da petiole, girma shuka ba wuya. Ana yin gajartar petiole kadan kuma ana dasa ganye a cikin ƙasa mai yashi mai laushi ko ƙanshin sphagnum. Zai fi kyau ƙirƙirar yanayin greenhouse tare da ƙara zafi da zazzabi + 23 ... + 25 ° C. Rooting yakan faru ne a tsakanin makonni 3-4. Lokacin da ƙaramin tsiro ya bayyana, dasa shi a cikin tukunyar ƙaramin-diamita.
Kulawar Gida
Don kula da peperomia ba nauyi bane, yana da mahimmanci don zaɓin wurin da ya dace don shuka.
Haske Peperomia yana buƙatar haske mai walƙiya mai haske. A cikin hasken rana kai tsaye, musamman a lokacin bazara, konewa yana bayyana akan ganyayyaki. A cikin zurfin cikin dakin ko a kan windowsill na arewacin, kuna buƙatar karin haske, ba tare da abin da ganye zai zama fadada da mai tushe zai shimfiɗa ba. Siffofin da ake ɗauka daban-daban sun fi buƙatu akan haske.
Zazzabi Peperomia baya buƙatar sanyaya hunturu da lokacin hutawa. A duk tsawon shekara, yawan zafin jiki shine + 22 ... + 24 ° C. A cikin hunturu, an yarda da ɗan kwantar da hankali, amma ba ƙasa da + 16 ° C ba. A lokacin rani, zaku iya canja wurin shuka zuwa iska mai tsabta, amma mafi karancin zane-zane zai haifar da rashin lafiya da faɗuwar wani ɓangare na ganye.
Haushi. Ganye mai ruwa mai cike da ruwa ya riƙe danshi da kyau, saboda haka baku buƙatar haɓaka wannan alama musamman. Koyaya, inji ya amsa da godiya ga spraying. Hakanan yana buƙatar wanka na lokaci-lokaci daga ƙura. Ya kamata a tsarkaka ruwa da dumi.
Watse. A cikin bazara da bazara, peperomia yana buƙatar yawan watering na yau da kullun. Shouldasar ta bushe ta da tsawon cm 2-3. Ana amfani da ruwan mai taushi da an share shi sosai. Yanayinsa ya kamata ya zama 'yan digiri kaɗan fiye da iska. A cikin bazara, ana rage ruwa don kada shuka ya kashe naman gwari.
Taki. Daga watan Afrilun zuwa Oktoba, sau biyu a wata, ana ciyar da peperomia tare da hadaddun ma'adinai na duniya. Manyan miya suna narkar da ruwa da amfani da ƙasa.
Mai jan tsami. Don samun mafi branched shuka, matasa harbe tsunkule. A cikin bazara, ana bada shawara a datsa wani ɓangare na mai tushe don ba da siffar.
Juyawa Peperomia yana jujjuya shi a kowace shekara 1-3 zuwa cikin tukwane. Tushen tushenta ba ya inganta sosai, saboda haka ba a buƙatar ƙarfin iko. An cire wani sashi na tsohuwar ƙwallar coma. An zuba kayan magudana a cikin tukunyar. Isasa ta ƙunshi abubuwan da aka haɗa:
- humus humus;
- takardar ƙasa;
- peat mai ƙarancin ƙasa;
- kogin yashi.
Cutar da kwari. Peperomia yana da tsayayya da cututtukan shuka, amma a yanayin zafi da ƙarancin ruwa da ruwa mai yawa yana shan wahala daga cututtukan fungal (tushen rot, mildew powdery). Lokaci-lokaci, musamman a lokacin rani akan titi, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, mealybugs da nematodes sun zauna akan ganye. An feshe tsire-tsire tare da maganin kashe kwari da kuma wanka cikin ruwan wanka. Don magance nematodes, an yanke wuraren lalacewa.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa. Idan zazzabi na yanayi yayi yawa, peperomia zai zubar da wani bangare na ganye. Lokacin da aka fallasa da daftarin, ƙarshen ganyen ya juya launin ruwan kasa da bushe. Idan an shayar da ruwa sosai da wuya, ganye zai fara bushewa da bushewa, sannan kuma ya faɗi a kashe.
