Lupine - ganye na fure daga dangin legume. Mahalli yana shafar sassan hamada na Amerika, arewacin Afirka da kuma Tekun Bahar Rum. Furanni suna jin daɗin magana akan dutse ko yashi. Halin 'yan lambu zuwa lupins yana da tabbas. Yana girma da ƙarfi sosai kuma wani lokacin yana kama da sako wanda ke buƙatar kulawa da kulawa koyaushe. A lokaci guda, shuka shine ingantaccen siderat, ciyawar ban ruwa har ma da magani. Kyakkyawan sa kyakkyawa, manyan inflorescences, masu kama da kyandirori masu kyalli, za su yi wa ado da shimfidar gadaje.
Bayanin Botanical
Lupine shine tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara ko tsararraki mai tsayi. Ana iya fassara sunan ta daga Latin kamar "wolf". Tsawon harbe a lokacin fure ya kai m.5.5. Tushen rhizome na iya girma zuwa 2 m zurfi a cikin ƙasa. An rufe shi da thickenings da tubers marasa siffa. Sun ƙunshi ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na nitrogen. Madaidaiciya, harbe harbe daga ƙasa sau da yawa samar da siririn daji.
Kusa da zuwa ƙasa, ganyayyaki masu zuwa da ke fitowa daga hadaddun dabino ya girma akan mai tushe. A gefen haɗin petiole tare da kara dogayen rigakafin suna samar da karamin matashin kai. Farantin takardar a bayyane yake, an fentin shi da launi mai haske mai haske.
An kawata saman tarko tare da dogayen goga, an rufe su da waɗanda furannin asu suke a takaice. Corolla a cikin nau'i na jirgin ruwa yana da fararen, shuɗi, shunayya, launuka masu ruwan hoda. Hakanan, inflorescences tare da inuwa daban-daban na furanni ana iya kasancewa a kan shuka ɗaya. A cikin jirgin ruwan daga ƙananan ƙananan 10 stamens an ɓoye, zaren su a gindi yana daɗaɗa. Nan kusa shine fitsari mai cin ciki
Pollination ke tsiro da kwari. Bayan haka, kunkuntar wake mai ƙwaya na fata, ta yi yaushi, aka laɓaɓa a gefuna. Su ne kirim ko launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi a launi, kuma yawancin tsaba masu zagaye ko kuma masu rufewa suna ɓoye ciki. Launinsu da girmansu sun bambanta sosai dangane da iri-iri.
Iri da nau'in lupine
Halin halittar lupine yana da bambanci sosai. Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan tsire-tsire sama da 600. Yawancinsu ana samun su ne kawai a cikin daji, amma daga cikin nau'ikan da aka horar sun zabi babba.
Lupine yana da mayu biyu. Wannan nau'in tsararraki yana zaune a Arewacin Amurka. Yana da tsayayya ga sanyi kuma yana girma da kyau a yanayin canjin yanayin zafi. Tsayin madaidaitan madaidaiciya, kusan kusan ciyawar itace mai nauyin 0.8-1.2 m. Manyan ganyen dabino a kan dogayen petioles sun tashi daga ƙasa. A ƙasa, an rufe farantin farantin kore mai duhu tare da tari. Fure mai tsawon 30 - 30 cm tsayi a watan Yuni kuma ya ƙunshi ƙananan furanni masu launin shuɗi-violet.
Lupine kunkuntar. Tsarin tsiro mai 0.8-1.5 m ya ƙunshi madaidaiciya, mai ɗanɗano tsiro, da wuya an rufe shi da ganyen dabino. Ganyayyaki sun kasu kashi biyu. Akwai kuma ɗan gajeren wando a bayansu. A saman akwai doguwar tseren tsere tare da fararen fari, shuɗi, shuɗi, shuɗi mai ruwan hoda. Abubuwan da ke cikin duhu sun fi bayyana a farfajiyar furanni, don haka ana kiran jinsunan “blue lupine”.
Lupine fari ne. Dankin yana girma dazuzzuka mai girma har zuwa 1.5 m. Itsa'idodin da aka sanya daga tushe an rufe su da fure mai tushe na Emirald palmate. Azumin cilia yana ƙaruwa da gefuna. Yankuna suna lanƙwasa tare da tsakiyar jijiya. Furannin furanni tare da ruwan hoda mai haske ko shuɗi mai launin shuɗi suna girma cikin inflorescences mai tsawo, wanda aka shirya a karkace.
Lupine Russell. Groupungiyoyin iri-iri na bred a farkon karni na XX. makiyayin George Russell musamman domin adon lambu. Inflorescences a cikin tsire-tsire musamman manyan (har zuwa 45 cm tsayi). Suna fitar da kamshi mai daɗi. Daga cikin nau'ikan mafi ban sha'awa suna bambanta:
- launin rawaya
- farin harshen wuta
- minaret (tsage tare da m hannun);
- wasan wuta (fure mai launi biyu akan harbe har zuwa 120 cm a tsayi).
Lupine perenni ne. M, ciyayi mai tsayi har zuwa tsawon 120 cm tsayi a Arewacin Amurka, har zuwa Tekun Arctic. Tushen na sprouts an rufe da petiole ganye tare da m sassan. A saman shine ya fi guntu amma denser goga tare da fure mai kamshi mai shuɗi.
Yi amfani da cikin gidan
Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, tsire-tsire masu haɓaka ingancin ƙasa (ciyawar kore) ya kamata a dasa su a yankin lambun. Ofayansu shine lupine. Tsarin tushen ci gaba yana haɓaka cikin sauri kuma yana kwance ƙasa. Ta sauƙaƙa, mai sauƙin fahimta. A lokaci guda, Tushen yana ɗaure ƙasa mai yashi mai sauƙi, samar da wata takaddara mai kariya da kare kariya daga lalacewa.
Zai fi kyau girma lupine na shekara-shekara azaman siderat. A cikin watanni biyu kacal, tana yin babban taro mai kore, wanda ke ba da izinin amfani da shuka bayan girbi. Yayin aiwatar da haɓaka, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na nitrogen sun cika ƙasa tare da abubuwan gina jiki, wanda, lokacin da ya bazu, tsutsotsi da ƙwayoyin cuta. Seedaya daga cikin seeding yayi kama da aikace-aikacen 200 kg / ha na nitrogen. Hakanan an samu humus shima yana taimakawa daidaiton duniya. Don wadatar da ƙasa, yanka lupins da tono shafin har ma a mataki na budding. Tsarin bazuwar tare da isasshen danshi yakan faru da sauri.
Hakanan, inji yana da amfanin gona mai kyau. 'Ya'yan itãcensa sun ƙunshi mai yawa. Lupine yana nuna mafi girman yawan aiki akan ƙasa mai acidic. Don shirya abinci don dabbobi, al'ada ce a yi amfani da fari da launin rawaya. Iri tare da furanni shuɗi ya ƙunshi alkaloids da yawa. Ba wai kawai suna lalata ɗanɗano bane, har ma suna da lahani. Amma waɗannan alkaloids ne ke hana kwari masu cutarwa. Kwayoyin cuta suna cin ganye da mutu, don haka ya kamata a dasa shudi lupine kusa da gadaje.
Girma lupine
Propagate lupine tsaba. Sau da yawa, idan inji ya riga ya bayyana akan rukunin yanar gizo, to ba lallai ne ku shuka shi ba musamman. Ko da tare da yankewar yau da kullun na inflorescences, aƙalla ƙarancin tsaba har yanzu sun faɗi cikin ƙasa. Koyaya, haruffa masu rarrabe sun rarrabu tare da kowane zamani mai zuwa. Launin furanni zai mamaye launuka masu shuɗi da shunayya, saboda haka nau'ikan kayan ado suna girma daga tsaba.
Don girma seedlings a cikin Maris-Afrilu, kwalaye da ƙasa mai gina jiki an shirya:
- peat (40%);
- ƙasar turf (40%);
- yashi (20%).
Tsaba ya kamata a pre-scarified sannan a gauraye da grated nodules. Don haka za a wadatar da su da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na nitrogen kuma za su haɓaka cikin sauri. Bayan haka ana rarraba kayan dasawa zuwa zurfin 2-3 cm Bayan kwanaki 10-14, 'ya'yan itace suka bayyana. Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka girma ganye na gaskiya na 2-3, lokaci yayi da za ku dasa shi a cikin dindindin. Daga baya, tushen tushe zai fara lanƙwasa, wanda hakan zai cutar da haɓaka.
Don inganta ingancin ƙasa, ana iya shuka lupins kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Yi shi a ƙarshen kaka ko a watan Afrilu. Shirye-shiryen da aka riga aka shirya a nesa na 15-30 cm daga juna. An rarraba tsaba a cikin su tare da nisa na 5-15 cm kuma ya kamata a kula da tsire-tsire tare da tsohuwar nodules.
Kulawar waje
Tsarin don lambun fure yakamata ya kasance a bude da rana. Asa sun fi dacewa sandy ko loamy, tare da ɗan ɗanɗano acidic ko tsaka tsaki. A baya can, ya kamata a haƙa ƙasa. Ana kara lemun tsami ko gari mai dolomite zuwa ƙasa mai acidic, kuma peat zuwa ƙasa mai ɓarna. An rarraba 'yan ƙwaya a cikin ramuka mai zurfi tare da nesa na 30 cm cm.
Da farko, tsire-tsire matasa zasu buƙaci weeding na yau da kullun da kwance ƙasa. Yawancin lokaci suna wahala daga sako sako. Daga baya, daji ya kara karfi kuma matsalar ta gushe.
Lupine shine shuka mai haƙuri mai haƙuri. Idan a cikin bazara matasa seedlings har yanzu bukatar na yau da kullum watering, to daga baya suka zama mafi Hardy. Watering su wajibi ne kawai tare da tsawaita tsawo babu hazo, lokacin da ƙasa fashe.
Daga shekara ta biyu, ana shuka tsire-tsire sau ɗaya a shekara, a tsakiyar bazara. A saboda wannan, superphosphate da alli chloride suna warwatse kusa da asalinsu. Amfani da hadaddun abubuwan nitrogen ba lallai bane.
Ana shawarar tsire-tsire na Tall don shirya goyan baya don kada daji ya faɗi baya yayin da yake girma ko daga iska mai ƙarfi. Lokacin da inflorescences ya bushe, ya kamata a yanke su nan da nan. Don haka ba za ku iya hana kawai yin shuki-da-ido ba, amma kuma ta da lokacin sakewa a ƙarshen bazara.
Speciesabilar Perennial yana buƙatar a sifar da shi a shekara, tunda rhizome yakan tashi kuma yana fallasa tushen wuya. Bayan shekaru 5-6, kayan ado na daji ya ragu kuma gadon filawa ya sake sabuntawa.
Lupins suna da saukin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal (rot, fusarium, mosaic, spotting, tsatsa). Yin rigakafin yana da matukar kiyayewa ga fasahar aikin gona. Hakanan, ba za ku iya shuka lupines da Legumes na dogon lokaci akan shafin ba. Zai fi kyau shuka tsire-tsire bayan hatsi mai girma.
Mafi mashahuri karin kwari ne aphids, sprout kwari da nodule weevils. Kwayoyin cuta suna taimakawa wajen kawar dasu. Ana baza mafita akan ganyayyaki kuma an zuba su cikin ƙasa. Lokacin da aka tunawa, waɗannan abubuwan sun shiga cikin ruwan tsiro. Kwayoyin cuta sun mutu, suna cin ganye.
Amfani da lambun kuma ƙari
M inflorescences, kama da kyandir, suna sa lupins ya zama abin ado na ban mamaki. An dasa shi a tsakiyar ko a tsakiyar bene na lambun fure, akan tsaunin dutse, gefen ƙwanƙwasa ko bangon gine-gine. Delphinium, phloxes, runduna, irises da lili na iya zama maƙwabta a cikin flowerbed.
'Ya'yan itãcen lupine na iya saturate ba kawai dabbobi ba. Tun zamanin da a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, ana yin gari daga gare su, wanda aka ƙara a cikin yin burodi, ice cream, kayan kwalliya, da jita-jita masu zafi. Babban furotin da mai mai yawa na haɓaka darajar abinci mai kyau na irin waɗannan abinci.
A cikin magungunan gargajiya, cirewa daga wata tsiro ya zama tushen maganin "Iksim Lupine" - ƙwayar rigakafin ƙwayar cuta. Masu warkarwa na gargajiya na amfani da adon mai kauri da ganyayyaki don magance cutar ta mahaukaci da gudawa da ciwace-ciwacen daji.
