Hyssop tsire-tsire ne mai ɗanɗano daga iyali Lamiaceae. Ya ƙunshi ƙaramin yanki (yanki) na Mint. A cikin yanayin halitta, ana iya samun shuka a cikin Rum, Asia ta Tsakiya, Crimea da Caucasus. Godiya ga launinta shuɗi mai zurfi, hyssop kuma ana kiranta "St John's wort". Furen yana fifita dutse mai tuddai, filaye, tuddai mai laushi, tuddai. Baya ga kyan kayan kwalliyar, hyssop yana da tarin wasu halaye masu kayatarwa. Doka ce mai kyau, ganyen zuma da kayan yaji. Itace tana da tsari sosai, saboda haka ya kamata ya nemi kusurwa a gonar.
Bayanin Shuka
Hyssop tsirrai ne na zamani ko shuki tare da tsayinsa ya kai 50-60 cm.Kana da ingantaccen sanda ne yake ciyar da shi. Mai tushe mai tushe more a kasa. Suna girma a tsaye kuma suna da siffar tetrahedral tare da madogara. Ruwan da ya ɓoye na harbe an rufe shi da fata mai duhu mai duhu tare da ɗan tari. A tsawon lokaci, rhizome da tushe na mai tushe woody.
Darkanan ƙananan koren ganye masu duhu suna zaune a kan harbi ko girma akan ɗan gajeren petioles tare da tsawon tsawon. Sabanin haka ne. Farantin lanceolate ko farantin ganye mai tsiro ya girma 2-4 cm a tsayi kuma 4-9 mm a fadin. Duk sassa na shuka exude m zafin-yaji yaji ƙanshi kuma suna da kaifi mai ɗanɗano.
A watan Yuni-Satumba, an kara saman karar da gajeren wando da kararrawa mai girman gaske. Spanan spikelets waɗanda suka ƙunshi 3-7 corollas girma a cikin axils na babba ganye. Daga nesa, kara suna kama da kyandir mai haske. Budsaramin buds ana fentin su a cikin lilac, ruwan hoda, fari ko shuɗi mai duhu. Tsarin furanni na fure mai kusurwa biyu maras kyau ne yake sanyawa. Hyssop kyakkyawan shuka ne na zuma.
'Ya'yan itãcen shuka suna ƙanana kaɗan na tetrahedral ovoid nuts. Akwai raka'a sama da 1000 a kowace 1 g na iri.
Nau'in Hyssop
Bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, asalin halittun hyssop sun ƙidaya fiye da jinsin 50. Bayan bita kwanan nan na rarrabuwa, nau'in tsiro 7 kawai ya rage.
Hyssopus officinalis (kunkuntar-karkatacciyar, talakawa). Itatuwan da ke da tsayayyen tsayayye mai tushe na samar da bishiyar jeji mai tsawon 20-80 cm. Tushen tushe tare da tushe na harbe-harbe da sauri. A ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓangaren mai tushe ya gaza ko saukar da ɗan ƙaramin tari. Takaddun ganye na adawa ba kusan ba tare da petioles suna da siffar lanceolate. An fentin su a cikin duhu kore. A watan Yuli-Agusta, daya mai gefe karu-dimbin yawa inflorescences, wanda aka located a cikin axils na apical ganye, Bloom. Kyau mai haske biyu mai launin shuɗi, violet, ruwan hoda ko fari mai launi daga ruwan kore. Dogaye masu ɗorewa suna tsaye daga cibiyar. Kananan kwayoyi a cikin irin kwayoyi sun yadu a watan Satumba.
Cire alli. Rassan da aka kafa suna girma zuwa 20-50 cm a tsayi kuma su kafa daji mai da elongated. Yawancin sun sami sunan don ƙaunarsa don daidaitawa a kan adibas Cretaceous, daga baya ya samar da ƙasa mai gina jiki wanda ya dace da sauran tsirrai. A watan Yuni-Agusta, fi na mai tushe ana yi wa ado da kananan shudi-violet furanni tattara a cikin karu-dimbin yawa inflorescences. Daga garesu akwai zafin warin balsamic mai zafi.
Baya ga nau'ikan da aka jera, akwai nau'ikan lambun da yawa na ado. Ana amfani dasu don ƙirar ƙasa. Babban bambanci shine launi na inflorescences. Daga cikin abubuwan ban sha'awa sune iri:
- Pink ƙanƙan wuta;
- Hoarfrost;
- Chord;
- Dare;
- Amethyst;
- Farin Nikitsky.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Hyssop yana yaduwa ta zuriya, itace da kuma rarraba daji. Tsaba ta tabbata har zuwa shekaru 3-4. Lokacin girma hyssop daga tsaba, tuna cewa giciye-pollinated. Sabili da haka, zuriya a bayyanar na iya bambanta da iyayensu. Amfanin gona ana fito da su nan da nan a cikin ƙasa bude ko seedlings girma.
Don hanyar seedling, a tsakiyar Maris, an rarraba kayan iri a cikin kwalaye tare da cakuda yashi-peat. Shirya babban tsagi tare da zurfin 0.5-1 cm tare da nisa na 5-10 cm. Harbe yana bayyana tare a cikin makonni 1.5-2. Lokacin da ganye na gaskiya 4 suka bayyana a cikin zaman, ana raye su cikin tukwane na peat ko akwatuna mai nisa na cm 5. lingsalingsan atan shekaru 7 zuwa bakwai ana dasa su a buɗe.
Don shuka iri-iri da ba a shuka a ƙarshen Afrilu ko farkon Mayu ba, an haƙa rami kuma an kafa ramuka tare da zurfin 5-8 mm tare da nisan 50-60 cm.The tsire-tsire masu girma suna bakin ciki, suna haɓaka nisan zuwa 20 cm.To hana ƙananan tsire-tsire daga sanyi na dare, an rufe su da fim.
A ƙarshen Maris ko Afrilu, ƙaƙƙarfan daji, hyssop daji yana da shekaru 3-4 ya kasu kashi. A saboda wannan, an dasa tsiron gaba ɗaya kuma a yanka tare da wuka mai kaifi cikin delenki tare da sprouts da dama da kuma sashin tushen. Ana shuka su nan da nan a wani sabon wuri. Tsire-tsire masu rashin ƙarfi ne.
A lokacin bazara, zaku iya yayyafa tsakiyar daji tare da harbe na ƙasa. Tushen yana da tushe kuma ana iya dasa shi azaman tsire-tsire masu zaman kansu. Don daidaitawa da sauri, sprouts ɗin suna gajarta ta 30-50%.
Dokokin Kulawa
Hyssop baya buƙatar kulawa ta yau da kullun, amma har yanzu kuna buƙatar kulawa da shuka. Yakamata ya zaɓi wurin buɗewa, rana ba tare da yashi ba, wadataccen ƙasa. Duk inda ruwan karkashin kasa yake matsowa kusa da tabo, hyssop zai bushe ko ya mutu. Ana son ƙaramin alkaline ko ƙasa tsaka tsaki tare da haihuwa mai zurfi. Kafin sauka, shafin ya kamata a shirya. Ciyar da lemun tsami. A wuri guda, daji yayi girma na kimanin shekaru 5.
Babban kulawa an rage shi don weeding da kwance ƙasa. Hyssop yana fama da zafin nama, don haka suke ƙoƙarin share su nan da nan.
Dankin yana da tsayayya ga fari, saboda haka ruwa kawai tare da tsawan rashi mai yawa (yawanci sau 2-3 a kowace kakar). Lokacin da ƙasa tayi bushewa da fashewa, ana shayar da bushes ɗin a farashin da yakai bokiti biyu na ruwa a yankin m².
Yana da mahimmanci don yanke harbe a kai a kai. Ana zagaye bushes ɗin, yana yankan rabin rabin harbe. A sakamakon haka, fure zai zama yalwatacce, kuma ciyayi ke da kyau. Don kada shuka ya sha wahala da yawa daga pruning, ana yinsa sau biyu a shekara (santsi da kuma gyara a cikin kaka).
Hyssop yana da tsayayya da sanyi kuma yawanci yakan bushe sosai ba tare da mafaka a kudancin ƙasar ba. A cikin mafi yankuna yankuna na arewa, tun kaka, kasar gona da tushe na harbe an rufe shi da ciyawa na peat kuma an nannade cikin ganye mai ganye. A farkon bazara, yana da mahimmanci don cire tsari a cikin yanayin da ya dace, har shuka ya cika.
Blue St John's wort yana da tsayayya sosai ga cututtuka da kwari. Shootswarin sa mai ƙanshi suna tsoratar da kwari daga albarkatu na makwabta, don haka aiki na yau da kullun ba lallai bane.
Dukiya mai amfani
Furanni, ganye da mai tushe na hyssop sun ƙunshi abubuwa masu amfani da yawa. Daga cikinsu akwai:
- bitamin;
- mai mai mahimmanci;
- flavonoids;
- glycosides;
- haushi;
- tannins;
- filaye.
Don dalilai na magani, an girbe duk ƙasa na shuka. Ana aiwatar da tattarawa a lokacin rani a mataki na budding. Abubuwa masu ɗauke da kayayyaki masu bushe suna bushe a waje a ƙarƙashin wani zane. A kwana a tashi, ya zama babu kamshi. Dankin da aka murƙushe da kuma sanya shi a cikin takarda ko jakar masana'anta. Kiyaye maganin a cikin sanyi, wuri mai iska.
Ana amfani da magunguna na ɗan adam daga hyssop a cikin nau'i na kayan ado, tinctures na giya, maganin shafawa, mai da lotions ana amfani dasu a cikin bambance bambancen. Suna da expectorant, laxative, bactericidal, diuretic, effects na karfafawa.
Shayi yana taimakawa karfafa tsarin garkuwar jiki da rage sanyi, mashako, hanci, da kuma asma. Lotions suna sauƙaƙa jin zafi da kumburi sakamakon raunin da ya faru, an kuma yi amfani dasu don magance cututtukan fungal. Ana ɗaukar kayan ado ta baka tare da raunin ƙwayar jijiyoyin zuciya. Hakanan suna da tasiri mai amfani ga lafiyar mata (yana sauƙaƙa jin zafi da sauyin yanayi).
Hyssop yana da tasirin motsa jiki da tonic. Bayan haka, wannan shine maganin mata masu juna biyu da kuma mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan hanji da amo. A kowane hali ya kamata ba wai kawai su sha maganin a ciki ba, har ma suna sha ƙanshin man mai.
Haske a cikin lambu
Lush kore bushes tare da shuɗi tare da inflorescences yi kyau a cikin lambu a cikin wani yanayi na halitta. Suna ba ku damar kirkirar kusurwa ko yanki na kayan daji a cikin ƙasar. Itatuwan ruwa na hyssop suna da kyau a tsaunuka masu laushi, a cikin tsaunukan tuddai da tuddai mai tsayi
Saboda ƙanshi mai daɗi, itaciyar ta shahara wajen dafa abinci. An ƙara ganye mai narkewa a cikin jita-jita masu zafi, kuma uwargidan ta sanya shinge hyssop a cikin gwangwani tare da adanawa.
