Gerbera ne mai ciyawar fure tare da kyawawan manyan furanni. Yawancin mutane suna ganin an yanke shi a cikin tsarin bouquet, amma girma gerbera akan kanku ba mai wahala bane. A inji shi ne quite undemanding. Zai iya yin kwalliyar fure ta daidai ko zai ji daɗin tukunya kamar ɗakin fure. Gerbera na cikin gidan Asters ne. Homelandasar mahaifinta ita ce ƙarewar Asiya mai zafi, Afirka ta Kudu da kusan. Madagascar Wasu lokuta ana iya samo shi a ƙarƙashin sunan Dawoy transvaal ko Daisy.
Bayanin Shuka
Gerbera ne mai shuka iri-iri na tsire-tsire na matsakaicin girma. Tsawan tsana shine 25-60 cm .. Duk da haka, irin wannan babban gerbera yakan faru ne kawai lokacin lokacin furanni. Mafi yawan tsire-tsire ana yin su ne ta hanyar fita daga ganye wanda yake kusa da ƙasa. Ganyayyaki suna girma a cikin ɗakuna da yawa akan gajerun petioles. Suna da sifar da ke kewaye da ita tare da wani ɓangaren tsakiya mai elongated. An nuna hannun jari kuma zai iya kaiwa tsawon 35 cm. Fuskokin ganyen yana da fata, ba komai. Wasu lokuta akan gindi da petioles akwai tari mai taushi. Fentin yana fentin launin duhu mai duhu mai duhu.
Gerbera Bloom a watan Agusta-Nuwamba. Daga tsakiyar ganyen ganye yana tsiro, wanda an rufe shi da tari mai tsayi har zuwa cm 60-80. Zai iya zama ɗaya ko dayawa girma lokaci guda. Basketan kwandon guda ɗaya tare da diamita na har zuwa 14-15 cm (a lokuta mafi wuya, har zuwa 30 cm) yana buɗe a saman. Sau da yawa, kawuna masu nauyi sukan koma gefe.
Launin fure ya bambanta sosai: ruwan hoda, fari, rawaya, shunayya, burgundy. Cibiyar lush ta ƙunshi furanni da yawa na tubular furanni masu launin shuɗi ko duhu mai launi. Furen Reed yana girma cikin layuka da yawa tare da gefuna. Kyakkyawan daji na fure har tsawon watanni 3-4.
Bayan pollination, tsaba tare da elongated duhu tsaba ripen. Girman nauyin raka'a 1000 shine kawai 2-3 2-3. Suna riƙe germination ba su wuce watanni 6.
Shahararrun nau'ikan da iri
Halin jinsin na gerbera yana da nau'ikan 80, duk da haka, matasan, tsire-tsire masu kayan ado suna da farin jini sosai a cikin al'ada. Tushen mafi yawansu sun kasance nau'ikan biyu masu zuwa.
Gerber Jameson. A herbaceous perennial yana da taqaitaccen stalk, a ɓoye a cikin wani m Rosette na ganye muhimmi. A ƙarshen bazara, ƙananan inflorescences-kwanduna masu kama da kayan launuka masu launuka masu launuka masu yawa tare da diamita na 4-15 cm fure akan fure-nesa da aka keɓe.Wasu suna kan fareti masu nisa 25-30 cm.
Gerbera kore ganye (talakawa). Dogon ganye mai jagged, mai kama da ciyawa na Dandelion, suna da tsayayyen daskararru da laushi. M m manyan inflorescences tare da kunkuntar petals a cikin Reed furanni tashi a kan danda pubescent mai tushe har zuwa 1 m high.
Abubuwa iri-iri. Yawancin lokaci ana rarrabe su zuwa kungiyoyi dangane da tsarin ginin fure ko inflorescence gaba ɗaya. Mafi ban sha'awa ana iya kiransa waɗannan:
- Bikin - manyan kwanduna masu fure tare da matsakaitan furanni masu tsayi-girma a saman manyan ganye akan gajerun kafaɗa;
- Alcor - tsirrai masu fure mai narrowa andan ganye da ƙananan (kusan cm 8 a cm) furanni;
- Jupiter - Reed furanni tare da kunkuntar, kusan allurar siffa allura;
- Mars - manyan kwanduna tare da layuka da yawa na furanni masu fure suna yin fure a kan shinge har zuwa 65 cm tsayi.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Gerbera za a iya yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba, rarrabuwa daga daji da iri. Tun da tsaba da sauri rasa su germination ƙarfin, ana shawarar dasa su jim kaɗan bayan girbi. Don amfanin gona, shirya kwalaye cike da ƙasa mai saurin m (perlite, yashi, peat, sheet sheet). An rarraba tsaba a farfajiya kuma an yayyafa shi da rigar kogin yashi. Bayan bushewa da hankali, tukunyar an rufe shi da fim don samun nau'in greenhouse. Ana yin iska sau biyu a rana, kuma fesawa kamar yadda ya cancanta. Rike greenhouse a zazzabi na + 16 ... + 20 ° C.
Harbi fara bayyana bayan kwanaki 8-12. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ana cire matsuguni, kuma ana aiwatar da shayarwa sau da yawa, amma tare da kulawa sosai. Tare da isowar takaddun ganye na gaske, geran gerrai suna nutse cikin sabon akwatin tare da nisan 7-8 cm. Kasancewar ganye 5-6 a cikin seedlings yana nuna buƙatar dasawa cikin ƙananan tukwane. Fulawa zata zo cikin watanni 9-11.
Babban daji lokaci-lokaci yana ba da hanyoyin tsari. A cikin bazara, ana iya rabuwa da su daga babban shuka kuma a dasa su cikin tukwane daban-daban ko kuma a kan gadon filawa. Don sa ciyawar ta zama mafi girma, ana shuka tsiro 2-3 a cikin rami ɗaya.
Adult gerbera yayin dasawa za'a iya raba shi zuwa sassa daban-daban. A saboda wannan, rhizome ya kuɓuta daga ƙasa, sannan a yanka shi da kaifi mai kaifi zuwa cikin rarrabuwa. Ba tare da barin Tushen ya bushe, ana dasa su nan da nan a cikin sabuwar ƙasa kuma ana shayar dasu.
Kulawar Gida
Furen thermophilic mafi yawa ana girma a gida ko a cikin greenhouse. Ba mai wahala ba ne don gamsar da kanka tare da fure gerbera a cikin tukunya.
Haske Shuka yana buƙatar hasken rana mai haske da tsawon hasken rana. An sa shi a kan windows windows na gefen rana, kuma a cikin hunturu ana haskaka su da phytolamps. A cikin kwanakin zafi sosai, ana bada shawara cewa ku kwantar da dakin sau da yawa ko ku sanya fure a waje. Da tsakar rana, an yi kambi tare da labulen tulle.
Zazzabi Gerbera ci gaba mafi kyau a zazzabi na + 18 ... + 24 ° C. M zafi mai yawa kamar ba a so kamar sanyaya. A cikin hunturu, shuka yana hutawa, ana kiyaye shi a + 14 ... + 16 ° C. Duk yanayin yawan zafin jiki ya kamata ya zama mai santsi. Gerbera zai iya tsira daga yanayin sanyi na + 8 ... + 10 ° C, amma ba tsawon lokaci ba.
Haushi. Kodayake shuka tana dacewa da yanayin zafi na yau da kullun a cikin ɗakin, ana bada shawara don fesa shi lokaci-lokaci. A lokaci guda, ruwa bai kamata ya fadi a kan inflorescences ba. Ya kamata a tsabtace ganye a wasu lokuta daga ƙura tare da zane mai laushi.
Watse. Gerbera yana buƙatar shayarwa na yau da kullun da yalwatacce don ƙasa ta kasance koyaushe dan kadan m. Ruwa mara kyau ba a so, don haka ana fitar da kwanon rabin sa'a bayan ban ruwa. Ruwa ya zama mai laushi, da tsabtace shi. Karka yi amfani da ruwa mai sanyi da sanyi fiye da zafin jiki na ɗakin.
Taki. Furen yana buƙatar suturar kai na yau da kullun (har sau 4 a wata). Koyaya, al'ada ce don amfani da rabin taro na hadaddun ma'adinai mai narkewa. An zuba shi cikin ƙasa. A cikin bazara, ana amfani da mahadi mai ƙarfi. Daga lokacin toho, ana amfani da daskararren sinadarin phosphorus.
Juyawa Gerbera bai yarda da dasawa da kyau ba, don haka ana aiwatar da hanyoyin ne lokacin da tukunyar ta yi tsauri. Iyawar ba tazara sosai ba, 'yan santimita kaɗan fiye da ta baya. Soilasar dole ne ta kasance mai gina jiki da sako-sako. Ya ƙunshi peat, yashi, dansandan sphagnum da ƙasa mai ganye. Duk aikin aikin dasa shine ya karɓa yayin lokacin furanni.
Cutar da kwari. Gerbera ana ɗaukar tsire-tsire mai jurewa, amma tare da tsauraran ruwa yana shafar mildew powdery, marigayi Blight, tushen rot da fusarium. Yin rigakafin iska ne na yau da kullun da kuma matsakaicin shayarwa. Idan ya cancanta, ana gudanar da jiyya tare da Fundazole. Daga cikin cututtukan da ke cikin kwayar gerbera, mafi yawan masu aiki sune kwari gizo-gizo da aphids. Wadannan ƙananan kwari ba koyaushe ba ne ana iya ganin su, amma suna haifar da babban lahani, don haka kuna buƙatar kawar da su nan da nan.
Gerbera a filin bude ido
Duk wani, har ma ba ƙwararren masanin lambu sosai ba zai iya jin daɗin fure gerberas na fure. Alas, a cikin wani yanayi sauyin yanayi wannan zafi-ƙaunar shuka ba hunturu. Ko dai an girma shi azaman shekara-shekara, ko kuma a dasa shi cikin tukwane a kowace shekara a cikin bazara kuma a kawo shi cikin dakin sanyi (ba ƙasa da + 8 ° C).
A cikin bazara, suna shirin sauka a ƙarshen Mayu ko kuma farkon Yuni, lokacin da duk sanyaya ya faru. Don gerbera karba wurin buɗe rana. A kasar gona ya kamata sako-sako da m. An sanya ramuka mara zurfi saboda tushe yana kasancewa a farfajiya. Shuke-shuke seedlings za su yi fure a farkon rabin bazara.
Shuke-shuke da bukatar na yau da kullum da yalwatacce watering. Ya kamata kuma a lokaci-lokaci ku kwance ƙasa a tushen kuma ku lalata ciyayi. Sau biyu a wata, an ciyar da bushes tare da hadaddun ma'adinai.
A cikin yankuna na kudanci, zaku iya barin gerbera zuwa hunturu a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Don wannan, an rufe tsire-tsire tare da babban farin ciki na busassun ciyawa da ganye masu ganye. A mafi yawan yankuna na arewa, don adana gerbera, sun tona ta. Sauran kulawa a lambun kuma a gida domin fure iri daya ne.
Amfani da fure
Babban mahimmancin shuka shine ƙirar kayan ado na shimfidar wuri ko gida. Hannun furanni tare da manyan furanni a kansu suna kama da ƙaramin bouquets. A cikin ƙirar shimfidar wuri, ana amfani da gerbera don yin ado kan iyakoki da gadaje masu hade. Maƙwabta a cikin flowerbed na iya zama daisies, chrysanthemums, wardi, callas.
Bouquets daga wannan tsire-tsire mai laushi suna da mashahuri sosai, saboda furanni basu da ƙanshi mara amfani kuma sun dace koda yanayi mai hankali. Dankin yana da alaƙa da gaskiya, taushi da farin ciki. Gerbera na iya tsayawa a cikin ruwa na dogon lokaci, babban abin shine a kula da bouquet da kyau. Don yin wannan, yanke da mai tushe kamar yadda diagonally ƙara yankin a lamba tare da ruwa. Ruwa ya zama da zazzabi dakin. An ƙara wasu allunan asfirin a ciki. Saboda kada mai tushe ya lalace, ana canza ruwan yau da kullun.
