Guzberi - Berry na halittar Currant, iyali Gooseberries. Gida na gida - Nahiyar Afirka, tana girma a cikin Amurka, Asiya, Kudancin Turai, Caucasus. An gano Gooseberries a ƙarni na 16; a ƙarni na 18, shayarwa ta shayar da irin nau'in ɗari. Bushes ya kai tsayinsa ya kai m 1.2, wasu nau'ikan suna haɓaka har zuwa kilogiram 25 a kowane daji.
Haushi mai launin ruwan kasa, mai shimfiɗa, spikes akan harbe a cikin nau'i na bakin ciki na bakin ciki. Ganye suna m, zagaye, tare da denticles, kore mai haske. Dankin yana da sanyi mai tsaurin sanyi, yana iya jure yanayin zafi har zuwa -30 ° C. Berries - kore, launin ja, akwai iri tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa baƙi, shunayya.
Nasihun Kula da Guzberi
Gooseberries, kazalika da currants, suna buƙatar kulawa ta dace a cikin bude ƙasa. Dasa shi sau da yawa a cikin fall, amma yana yiwuwa a cikin bazara.
Ya fi son:
- Wuraren gari, tsaunuka, inda babu iska arewa da gabas.
- Matsakaici ko ƙasa mai acid.
- Nisa tsakanin bushes ɗin aƙalla mita ne, a cikin layuka - har zuwa mita uku.
Don kauce wa cututtukan fungal, ba da shawarar sanya bishiyoyi guzberi a cikin ƙasa mai laushi ba. Don dasa, ɗaukar shekara-shekara ko seedlings na shekara biyu tare da tushen har zuwa cm 30. Jiƙa su a cikin mai haɓaka mai haɓaka. A cikin kaka, sukan dasa wata daya ko rabi kafin a fara bayyanar sanyi. Saboda haka, inji zai ɗauki tushen kuma matasa suna kafa.
Humus 10 kilogiram, superphosphate 150 g, potassium gishiri 60 g ana zubar cikin rami saukowa. Isaƙƙarfan ƙwayar yana zurfafa da 6 cm, ɓangaren sararin sama an yanke shi a baya, yana barin 3-4 buds.
Itace tana yaduwa ta hanyar sanya filayen, yan itace, da rarraba daji. A farkon bazara, lokacin girbi ya fara. Yana blooms a watan Mayu, berries bayyana dangane da girma band, a Yuli-Agusta.
Shawarwarin aikin bazara:
- Ana yin dusar kanwa a kowace shekara don samun amfanin gona mai yawa kuma don hana ɓarnar daji. Ba a yin aikin kwalliyar Cardinal a kashi daya, don kada a lalata daji. Yanke a cikin bazara da kaka, idan matasa ganye sun riga sun bayyana, kuna buƙatar jinkirtawa har sai kaka.
- Daga sama, ba a shayar da bushes ba, suna ba da ruwa mai tsabta (wannan ya zama dole don kauce wa rot) ko shayar cikin tsagi, tsagi har zuwa 15 cm zurfi.
- Duba ƙasa da fartanya, rake.
- A farkon shekarun, ciyar ba a aikata idan bushes an isasshen hadu a lokacin dasa. To, kowane shekara uku, suna da tabbacin ciyar da shuka ba tare da haɗa takin gargajiya da inorganic ba. Don ƙarancin ƙasa, ana buƙatar takin mai magani a kowace shekara, m sau ɗaya kowace shekara biyu ko uku.
- An cire tsari a kan lokaci, in ba haka ba bushes zai lalace saboda yanayin zafi.
Tare da ingantaccen namo, shuka yana bada 'ya'ya na kimanin shekaru 20.
Kula da Guzberi a Guguwar
Ayyukan bazara na lokaci-lokaci don kula da 'ya'yan itace a nan gaba zai haifar da amfanin gona mai yawa. Gardenerswararrun lambu suna bada shawarar yin su kafin samuwar farkon buds. Don yin wannan:
- Cire tsari na hunturu - lokacin ya dogara da yankin, a cikin tsakiya da kudanci yankunan a farkon Maris, arewacin - daga baya. Daga nan sai su fitar da ciyawa, ragowar ciyawar bara, rassan. Bayan duk datti an ƙone, kamar yadda ɓarnatattun ƙwayoyin fungal da ƙwannin kwari a ciki. Idan ba a rufe bushes ba, amma a sauƙaƙe a ƙasa, suna buƙatar a tashe su.
- Lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, rufe ƙasa tare da kayan abu mai yawa don makonni da yawa don kada kwari su sanya zuriya.
- Suna kulawa dashi daga kwari da cututtuka - suna shayar da shuka da ƙasa a kusa da ruwan zãfi, amma har sai huhun ya bayyana. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da ƙarfe na ruwa na iya. An feshe tare da sulfate jan karfe, ruwa na Bordeaux, fungicides: Fitosporin, Actofit. A wannan yanayin, ana gudanar da aikin jiyya a yanayin zafin jiki wanda ba shi da ƙasa da +14 ° C.
- Shayar a ƙarƙashin tushe ko amfani da tsarin magudanar ruwa yayin fure. Ruwan sama yana jika tare da 30-40 cm, amma ba tare da ruwan sanyi ba. Saboda wannan, rigakafi yana raguwa, akwai haɗarin kamuwa da cuta tare da cututtukan fungal.
- Ana yin pruning sanitary a farkon Maris - bushe, daskararre, lalacewar, marassa lafiya, rassan da aka karkatar da su, an tsallaka harbe wadanda ke kusa da kasa ana cire su. An sanya sashi a kan koda, 6 mm baya daga ido, a gangare na 50 °.
- A farkon watan Mayu, duniya ta kewaya daji an kwance shi zuwa zurfin cm cm 8. To, suna mulched da bambaro, hay, peat, sawdust. Wannan zai rage kwararar ruwa da hana ciyayi. Tsakanin layuka sun haƙa 10-15 cm.
- Ciyar an yi ta daga shekara ta biyu ta dasa. A farkon lokacin girma, ana kara urea ko ammonium nitrate. Yayyafa a karkashin bushes, kusa da cikin ƙasa ta 5 cm, shayar. Ga tsintsiya madaidaiciya - 40-60 g, matasa - 30-40 g. Aiwatar da peeling dankalin turawa - kilogram ɗaya na lita 10 na ruwan zãfi. Bayan sanyaya, ƙara gram 200 na itace na itace ko saƙar tsuntsaye 1:20. Ana zuba guga a ƙarƙashin kowane daji. Taki da humus. Kafin fure, an ƙara potassium sulfate - 40-50 g ƙarƙashin daji. Ana bayar da wannan idan tsire-tsire ba su hadu a faɗo ba.
Kula guzberi a lokacin rani
A lokacin rani, ana ci gaba da aiki a gonar:
- An cire ruwan saman a kai a kai ba fiye da 6 cm ba, an cire ciyayi. Lokacin bazara mai zafi da bushe, ƙasa tana mulched danshi har danshi ya daɗe.
- Shayar da ruwa mai ɗumi bayan faɗuwar rana.
- Idan daji ya yi tsayi, an ɗaura shi don tallafawa saboda rassan ba su karye ba saboda nauyin berries.
- Haƙiƙa tare da kwayoyin halitta a lokacin fruiting (daidai takin da peat, taki tare da ƙasa, kaza kaza da ruwa 1:15), takin mai ma'adinai bayan girbi, a watan Agusta tare da potassium da phosphorus (25 g kowace daji).
Kula guzberi a kaka
Domin shuka don yawanci hunturu, kula da bushes a cikin kaka ya zama dole. Ku ciyar da abubuwan da yawa.
- Tushen tushe ana bi da su - an tsabtace su da ganye, tarkace, maras kyau, berries. An girbe ciyawa da ciyawa alkama. Sannan a kone su.
- Ana yin rigakafin cututtuka da kwari - bayan an girbe, tsire-tsire, an yayyafa ƙasa da ruwan Bordeaux, sulfate na tagulla. Suna kuma amfani da Topaz, Fundazole. Idan cutar ta kamu da cutar, an lalace ko an cire duk sassan da suka lalace.
- Sun yanke daga tsakiyar Oktoba zuwa sanyi. Sharp disinfecturs. An yanke rassan, ba su da matsala, ba su da asali, suna kusa da ƙasa. Dogon gajarta ta 1/3. Daga nan sai aka fitar da bushesan kuma wuraren rufewar an rufe su da lambun var. Idan daji ya fara girma, ya fi shekara biyar girma, tsohuwar mai tushe ana yanka. Bar karfi harbe, har zuwa 6 guda, a ko'ina spaced ko'ina cikin kambi.
- Suna ciyar da - don kayan miya saman kaka da kuke buƙata: phosphate, takin mai magani.
- Shayar - a bushe da dumi yanayi daga ƙarshen Satumba zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba. Wani tsagi da aka haƙa a ciki an zuba shi da ruwa. Bayan shafawa, yi barci tare da duniya.
Guzberi Jiyya
Saboda haka cututtuka da kwari ba su buga guzberi bushes, a cikin bazara da suke yi prophylaxis bisa ga duk dokoki. Bayyana a yayin watsi da ayyukan kariya:
- Kashin currant - kodan basa buɗewa, suna mutuwa. Feshi tare da jiko na tafarnuwa a lokacin furanni, bayan shi kwanaki goma daga baya. 50auki 50-100 g kowace guga na ruwa.
- Spider mite. Bar ya juya ya zama rawaya, ya mutu. Fesa albasa husks, jiko na taba, wormwood, tafarnuwa, Metaphos.
- Blackcurrant aphid - akwai ja thickenings a kan shuka, harbe suna maras kyau. Kafin bayyanar kodan, an fesa su da sinadarin nitrophene 3%. Bi da tare da jiko na tafarnuwa a lokacin budding sa'an nan kuma bayan kwanaki 10. Ko amfani da Wofatox, Metaphos.
- Mai yin gilashi - yana fadi cikin harbe, yana motsawa a can. An cire rassan da suka lalace. Aka fesa tare da 10% malathion.
- Guzberi sawfly - ci ganye don veins. A lokacin budadden, bayan fure, an fesa su da Karbofos, Actellik.
- Ognevka malam buɗe ido ne. Berries juya rawaya, rot, crumble. Rushe sassan da abin ya shafa, tono ƙasa, feshi tare da jiko mustard, Etaphos.
- Powdery mildew - farin shafi akan harbe, berries, ganye. Yi amfani da kwayoyi Hom, Topaz.
- Vilicillin walƙiya - lian ganye yana jujjuyawa, yana bushewa. Fesa da zuba a ƙarƙashin tushen maganin 2% na Fundazole.
- Butterfly - ognevka - ya juya karkatarwa, ya fadi a kashe. Aiwatar da Actellik, Fufanol.
- Anthractosis, spotting, tsatsa - guzberi fungal cututtuka. Fesa tare da jan karfe na tagulla, Kuprozan, Phthalon, Nitrofen.
- Ba za a iya magance Musa ba. Motoci suna lalata.
Guzberi shiri domin hunturu
Bayan aikin kaka, dangane da yanayin damina, gooseberries suna buƙatar tsari. Don shirya don hunturu, an ɗaure bushes tare da igiya, an lankwasa a ƙasa, an rufe shi da ganye bushe, peat. An rufe saman da kayan da ba'a saka ba.
