Sansevieria tsirrai ne na ganye da aka shuka. Ya kasance ga dangin Asparagus. Daga cikin masu noman furanni, anfi saninsa da "wutsiyar pike", "leopard lily", "harshe shaidan" ko "harshen uwa". Mahalli na sansevieria ya fadada zuwa dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi da marasa kwari na Afirka, Arewacin Amurka, Indonesia da Indiya. M ganye mai laushi mai rufi an rufe shi da tsari mai kayatarwa kuma kayan ado ne sosai. Filastik ɗin rukuni suna kama da kyan gani, saboda haka yana da ma'ana a dasa da yawa kofe tare a cikin tukunyar tukunya.
Bayanin Botanical
Sansevieria wani tsufa ne mai ɗaukar hoto. Yana girma 30-120 cm a tsayi. A cikin wakilan wakilai akwai alamun cututtukan ƙwayar cuta da na ƙasa. A fibrous rhizome ne karami a cikin girma. Ganyayyaki masu layi mai yawa suna girma kai tsaye daga tushen sa. Suna zaune tsaye a tsaye ko kuma sun ɗan karkace daga cibiyar.
Dukkanin nau'ikan za'a iya rarrabu zuwa manyan nau'ikan 2: ganye mai tsayi ko fure mai tsayi a cikin fure mai sihiri. Gashinan ganyen suna da kauri, kuma ƙarshen ya nuna. An rufe saman takarda tare da fata mai yawa, yana hana wucewar danshi na danshi. Fentin faranti yana fentin koren duhu. Wasu nau'ikan suna da iyakar rawaya ko na azurfa, kazalika da tsarin a ƙasan farfajiya. Kowace shekara, ana ƙara sabon zanen gado 2-3 a cikin mafita.
A farkon bazara ko lokacin bazara, dogo mai tsayi cike da furanni masu launin tauraro suna fitowa daga tsakiyar fure-fure. A cikin yanayi, sansevieria blooms a ko'ina cikin shekara. A buds samar tserese inflorescences da exude mai karfi m ƙanshi, kama da ƙanshi na vanilla da cloves. A fure bude da yamma, kuma rufe da safe. Fulawa tayi kimanin sati biyu.
Bayan pollination, dada fleshy berries da kananan tsaba ripen. Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa shine bayan fure, ganye mai ganye yakan daina sakin sababbin ganye.
Nau'in Sansevieria
Gabaɗaya, kusan nau'ikan 70 suna cikin yanayin Sansevieria, amma kusan goma daga cikinsu ana amfani da su a cikin ciyawar cikin gida. Yawancin masu girbe furanni sun fi son tsire-tsire iri-iri a matsayin mafi yawan ado.
Sansevieria hanya ce guda uku. Wani nau'in jurewa mai fama da fari wanda aka samu a yankuna na hamada na Afirka. Ganyenta na tsaye a tsaye suna girma zuwa 1 m a tsayi. Suna da siffar lanceolate. Kusan launin ruwan gashi mai kwance a tsaye yana saman fallewar kore mai duhu. Iri:
- sansevieria hanni - gajerun kuma ganye mai girma suna girma cikin kayan ado na fure-fure
- Hanni Zinariya - bambancin mara kyau na launin zinare ana iya gani akan gajerun takarda;
- sansevieria laurenti - ganye lanceolate mai tsawo wanda aka ɗaure ta hanyar kunkuntar ratsi a tsaye mai launin shuɗi;
- Sansevieria Moonshine - mai kauri, ɗan gajeren zanen yana da launin toka-mai launin shuɗi tare da ƙaramar azurfa.
Sansevieria cylindrical (silili). An bambanta shuka da ganyen siliki mai tsayi na launin kore mai duhu. A saman su akwai ratsi na azurfa a tsaye da rawaya mai launin shuɗi. Ganyayyaki yana samar da hanyar siye. Itsarshenta yana daɗaɗɗuwa kuma aka nuna ta. Suna da kaifi don cutar da kansu, saboda haka galibi ana rufe gefuna da abin toshe kwalaba. A lokacin lokacin furanni, inflorescence guda tare da farin taurari masu kirim ke fitowa daga mafita. Can sai aka hango futocin ja a bayyane.
Sansevieria yayi kyau. Babban tsiro mai ƙwayar epiphytic yana samar da ganyayen ganyayyaki na ganye da ganyaye 2-4. Tsawon layin lanceolate shine 30-60 cm, kuma faɗin nisansa ya kai cm cm 15. Kyakkyawan tsarin shimfidar wurare da yadudduka na malachite hue yana gani a kan wani duhu mai duhu. Tare da gefen akwai kan iyaka mai fadi da fadi. A lokacin bazara, goge mai fenti mai dumbin yawa har zuwa tsawon cm 80. A kan wani tsayin ɗakin da ke tsaye akwai furen-fure mai launin shuɗi tare da kunkuntar furanni da tushe mai kauri.
Siffofin Yaduwa
A cikin yanayin gida, sansevieria ana yadu dashi ta hanyoyin tsirrai: rarrabuwa daji da kuma dasa tushen ganye. A cikin bazara, yayin dasawa da wani babban daji, yawancin ƙasa ya kamata a cire shi daga tushen sa, sannan a yanka rhizome tare da rami mai bakararre. Kowane rarrabuwa dole ne ya kasance a kalla maƙalla guda ɗaya na haɓaka da ganye. Sakamakon tsire-tsire ana shuka su nan da nan a cikin ƙasa mai yashi. An shayar dasu sosai kuma an sa su a cikin ɗaki mai zafi (+ 25 ° C). Wannan hanyar yaduwa tana ba ku damar adana launi na ado na ganye da kan iyaka.
Za'a iya rarrabe kowane ganyen sansevieria zuwa sassan 4-8 cm tsayi. Rooting yana faruwa sosai. Wajibi ne a bushe cutukan a cikin iska, amma me yasa ya saka shi tsaye a cikin yashi. Yana da mahimmanci kada a rikita kasan da saman takardar. An yanke yankan tare da m hula (yanke kwalban filastik ko gilashin gilashi). Ana yin ruwa ta hanyar kwanon rufi. Bayan makonni 4-5, ganye zai sami tushen da sabon buds. Ganyayyaki na gaske zai inganta dan lokaci kaɗan. Ta wannan hanyar, tsire-tsire mafi yawanci suna bayyana tare da ganye na fili, ba tare da iyaka ba. Kuna iya ƙoƙarin samun ɗan motley idan an sanya ƙananan ƙananan ganye na ganye a cikin nau'i na weji don kawai bangarorin motley su shiga cikin ƙasa.
Dokoki don kulawa da gida
Sansevieria wata itaciya ce mai tsananin zafin gaske ba mara amfani. Yana da kyau don sabon shiga da kuma lambu mai aiki, kuma ba tare da matsaloli ba za su tsira tsawon hutu na masu.
Haske Dankin yana haɓaka daidai a ƙarƙashin hasken halitta da na wucin gadi, a cikin inuwa am ko a rana mai haske. Varietiesanyan iri-iri na buƙatar ƙarin haske. A lokacin bazara-lokacin bazara, ana bada shawara don ɗaukar tsirrai zuwa ingantaccen iska, a wani wuri da ke da kariya daga hazo da kuma zane-zane.
Zazzabi Sansevieria ana kiyaye shi a + 18 ... + 25 ° C. A cikin kwanakin zafi, yana da amfani don kwantar da dakin sau da yawa. A cikin hunturu, zaku iya rage zafin jiki zuwa + 12 ... + 14 ° C. A lokaci guda, haɓakar shuka yana raguwa kaɗan kuma buƙatar rage ruwa yana raguwa sosai. Sanyaya a ƙasa + 10 ° C yana haifar da cutar shuka.
Haushi. Harshen Teschin ya dace da zafi na yau da kullun a cikin ɗakin kuma baya buƙatar ƙarin spraying. Don sa shuka ya ji daɗi, kuna buƙatar shafa kullun ganyayyaki daga ƙura ko yin wanka a ƙarƙashin ɗakin dumi. Ruwa ya zama mai laushi domin kada wani ɓoyayyen lemo ya bayyana.
Watse. Ruwa da bushes bayan bushewa kasar gona aƙalla rabin. Sansevieria tana tsayayya da fari fari, amma tana iya fama da ambaliyar ƙasa. Lokacin da yawan zafin jiki na iska ya ragu, za a rage yawan ruwa.
Taki. Daga Mayu zuwa Oktoba, sansevieria ana haduwa dashi a kowane wata tare da mahaɗan ma'adinai don succulents da cacti. Wajibi ne ka iyakance kanka da rabin kashi na kayan miya. Ana sintiri cikin ruwa kuma an zuba shi cikin ƙasa.
Juyawa Sansevieria na iya girma na dogon lokaci a cikin tukunya ɗaya ba tare da juyawa ba. Yana da karamin tsari na rhizome, don haka an zaɓi ƙarfin da fadi da kuma amintaccen aiki. Dole ne a rufe kasan farin ciki da kauri na kayan malala (pebbles, yumbu mai shimfiɗa, shards). Soilasa don shuka itace ta ƙunshi waɗannan abubuwan:
- m yashi;
- takarda ƙasa;
- Turf ƙasa.
Bayan dasawa, ba a shayar da fure tsawon kwanaki ba.
Cutar da kwari. Sansevieria tana da matukar tsayayya da cututtukan shuka. Kawai tare da tsawanta, matsanancin ruwa mai zafi da ƙarancin yanayin zafi yana yin tushe da lalacewa mai ruɓi, mildew da mosaic. Kwayoyin cuta a jikin wutsiyar huhun ba su sauka a cikin kusancin wata shukar da ta kamu.
Alamu da camfi
Da yawa suna nuna son kai ga sansevieria a cikin gida. Mabiya camfi sun yi imani da cewa yar uwa ta uwa na haifar da rashin jituwa a cikin dangi da gulma. Da alama wasu marasa hikima sun zo da wannan, saboda babu wata hujja ga irin waɗannan maganganun. Wataƙila Sansevieria tana ƙaruwa da gaske ta hanyar mummunan kuzari na gidan kuma ta jawo kanta da fushi, fushi da mummunan yanayi. Don haka, tana kiyaye kyakkyawar dangantakar abokantaka a tsakaninta, da samun ci gaba mai kyau da kere-kere.
Alamun da ba a san su ba sun hada da rashin tabbas, lokacin hunturu na sansevieria. Wannan ya alkawarta babbar husuma ko babbar rikici tsakanin mutane.
Dukiya mai amfani
Babban abun ciki na ruwan sansevieria na saponins da sauran abubuwa masu aiki yasa shi kyakkyawan tsabtace iska. An tabbatar da shi a kimiyance cewa ganyayyaki suna ɗaukar babban adadin formaldehyde da nitric oxide.
Ana amfani da ganyen tsire-tsire a cikin raunukan fata (kumburi, ƙonewa, raunuka). Suna ba da gudummawa ga saurin warkarwa daga mara kyau fiye da sanannun Aloe. Abubuwan kayan kwalliya na ganye suna da abubuwan diuretic da choleretic Properties.
Don duk fa'ida tare da sansevieria, yakamata ayi taka tsantsan. Lokacin cin sabon ganye, guban mai yawa ya faru, don haka ya kamata a sanya fure daga yara da dabbobi. Ba a lokacin daukar ciki, ba a aiwatar da magani, saboda kayan aikin mutum suna da mummunar illa.
