Physalis kyakkyawar shuka ce kuma baƙon abu. An fassara sunan ta daga tsohuwar Hellenanci a matsayin “kumfa”. Kuma hakika, kowane 'ya'yan itaciya an boye shi a karkashin sirrin kabarin da ke kama da fitilun kasar Sin. HALITTAR mallakar gidan Solanaceae ne. Ana iya samun wakilan sa a Eurasia, Ta Kudu da Arewacin Amurka. Wasu daga cikinsu ana amfani dasu ne kawai don dalilai na ado, yayin da wasu kuma ake nomawa a cikin aikin gona, kamar kayan lambu da amfanin gona na Berry. Jigilar likitanci wacce take da zurfin tunani a jiki tayi tunani mai zurfi, kuma itace ta cika jikin ta da abubuwa masu aiki balle wani hadadden tsarin multivitamin.
Menene physalis yayi kama
Physalis tsararren ganye ne na shekara ko shekara. Yana ciyarwa a kan tsattsuran kwance na kwance. Itatuwan sunyi layi mai laushi mai tsawon 20-120 cm. Zasu iya girma a tsaye ko yada su a ƙasa. A hankali sansanonin harbe suna sannu-sannu a kwance.
Ganyayyaki akasari akasari akasin haka ne. An ɗora shi akan petioles. Farantin mai laushi mai laushi ko mara nauyi yana da siffar ƙyallen ko tafin hannu tare da yanke gefan da ba a haɗa shi da ƙarshen nuna. Veins suna da launi mai laushi.
Single furanni a cikin rassan da axils na ganye suna located on m takaice. Cupan ƙarara mai fasalin ƙarfe ya cika da ƙima. Farin farin corolla tare da gurgunan furannin ya zube daga ciki. Furanni suna farawa a farkon watan Yuni kuma sun jawo hankalin kadan.
Bayan pollination a farkon kaka, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari fara ci gaba a cikin nau'i mai haske roundish berries na daban-daban masu girma dabam. An ɓoye Berry a ƙarƙashin takalmin katako, na fenti a launin rawaya, ruwan lemo, ja ko launin shuɗi. A ciki, ɗan itacen m yana kama da tumatir. Ya ƙunshi ƙananan ƙwayar teardrop mai siffa ta cream ko launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi.
Fruitsaya fruitsyan itacen wasu physalis suna zama mai ci, yayin da wasu kuma masu guba ne, don haka kafin amfani dashi yana da mahimmanci don gano wane nau'in shuka ne a cikin lambun.
Shahararren ra'ayoyi
A cikin halittar Physalis, akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire 124. A zahiri, dukkansu sun kasu zuwa abinci da kayan ado.
Physalis talakawa ne. Itace tsiro na 40-60 cm tsayi na tsiro na ganye na ganye na ganyaye. Farantin ganye tare da gefuna masu kauri sun kumbura a tsakanin jijiyoyin. Tsawonsa shine 6-12 cm, kuma faɗinsa ya kasance cm 4-9. Furen furanni masu furanni masu kama da juna biyar suna kama da kararrawa a jikin su, diamitarsu ita ce 1-1.5 cm beran wasan da ke zagaye yana ɓoye a ƙarƙashin ganuwar membranous. Za'a iya kwatanta girman 'ya'yan itacen da ƙwan kaji. Berries ne edible, amma mafi sau da yawa amfani da shi azaman magani. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari marasa kyau suna haifar da guba.
Kayan lambu na Physalis (Mexican). Perennial thermophilic, undemanding zuwa kasa tare da m ribbed harbe. Amfanin sa musamman manyan 'ya'yan itace ne mai girman inci 3-5 cm (wani lokacin har zuwa 7 cm). Suna da laushi mai laushi mai laushi da dandano mai ɗanɗano da m. Iri:
- Confectioner - manyan 'ya'yan itãcen marmari masu haske tare da fatar launin kore mai sauƙi suna dacewa da kayan ɗamara da kayan zaki;
- Korolek ɗan itace ne mai fara daidai da ke da ƙanshin ƙanshi kuma ana amfani dashi don kayan zaki.
Peruvian na Physalis. Itace tare da ciyawa mai tsayi 90-160 cm tsayi an rufe shi da ganye mai laushi mai laushi mai fasalin zuciya. Tsawon farantin ganye da aka yi yawo shine 6-15 cm, kuma faɗin faɗin shine cm 4-10 .aramin kararraki masu fure da rawaya masu launin shuɗi da launin shuɗi mai duhu a gindi bayan an maye gurbinsu da furannin ruwan lemu mai zagaye. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari an ɓoye su a ƙarƙashin takalmin firam mai launin shuɗi. Girman diamita na Berry shine 12-20 mm. Tana da ƙamshi mai ɗanɗano da ɗanɗano mai laushi da dandano mai ɗanɗano. Iri:
- Abarba - 'Ya'yan itacen sun yi fari a baya fiye da yadda aka saba kuma suna da ƙanshi na abarba.
- Strawberry - itace mai yaduwa mai tsawo tare da tsayi ba fiye da 70 cm ba a cikin kaka an rufe shi da kyawawan itacen amber mai ƙanshi tare da ƙanshi na strawberry;
- Kayan zaki - madaidaiciya harbe har zuwa 70 cm tsayi, dan kadan ganye, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari mai haske mai haske tare da yawancin sugars suna bayyane a kansu;
- Marmalade - gandun daji mai tsayi har zuwa 1.5 m ba ga tsayi yana girma Lilac-yellow berries mai nauyin har zuwa 60 g.
Physalis ado ne. Perennial tare da mafi m, albeit inedible 'ya'yan itãcen marmari. Yawancin lokaci, ana amfani da rassa da yawa tare da fitilun fitilu a farkon watan Agusta don bushewa da kuma yin kerawar bouquet. A lokacin dumi, lokacin farin ciki yana ƙawata lambun. Bambancin Franche sanannen ne - babban katako mai tsayi har zuwa 90 cm a tsawo tare da m duhu kore ganye da Scarlet teardrop mai siffa-dimbin yawa.
Noma a fannin motsa jiki
Mafi sau da yawa, ana girma da physalis daga tsaba. Yana ba da kyakkyawan shuka-kai. Ana yin gyaran ne a cikin hanyar seedling da seedling. Nan da nan a cikin ƙasa, an shuka physalis a cikin kaka ko bazara. Don shuka hunturu a watan Oktoba-Nuwamba, an shirya ramuka mai zurfi na 1-1.5 cm Ana shirya shuka a hankali a cikin ƙasa, kuma an dasa farfajiya tare da yanki na peat, takin ko ganye na humus zuwa tsawo na 2-3 cm.
Don shuka shuka a cikin watan Afrilu, an fara fitar da tsaba a cikin bayani mai rauni, sannan kuma a cikin daskararren potassium. Kuna iya barinsu a cikin ruwan bushe har sai ciyawar ta fito. Shuka a cikin ƙasa bude ne da za'ayi a farkon Mayu. Ba a rarraba tsaba da yawa zuwa zurfin 1.5 cm. Tare da fitowar seedlings, physalis suna thinned fita, sannu-sannu ƙara haɓaka tsakanin tsire-tsire zuwa cm 25 Ba lallai ba ne don rushe ƙwayoyin tsage. Ana iya watsa su zuwa wani wuri mai dacewa.
A tsakiyar Rasha ko mafi yankuna na arewacin, ana bada shawara don fara shuka seedlings. A wannan yanayin, fure zai zo da wuri, 'Ya'yan itãcen zasu sami lokaci don su yi kyau. Dasa ana yin cassettes ko tukwane na peat a watan Fabrairu-Maris. An gurbata shi cikin ƙwayoyin potassium na tsawon rabin sa'a, ana shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin 1-1.5 cm .. An rufe akwati da fim kuma ana kiyaye shi a zazzabi na + 22 ... + 25 ° C. Harbe yana bayyana bayan makonni 1-1.5. Bayan haka, an cire matsuguni. Duniya a kai a kai amma tana da matsakaici. A cikin babban zafi, ƙafafun baƙi na iya haɓaka da sauri. Girma a cikin tukwane dabam yana hana tara.
Seedlings sanya shi a cikin rijiya-lit da kuma kariya daga zayyana wuri. Kula dasu kafin dasa shuki yayi daidai da kula da tumatir. A cikin bude ƙasa, ana shuka tsire-tsire a ƙarshen Mayu. Ana shirya aiki don maraice. Ya kamata ƙasa ta kasance da takin gargajiya. Physalis yana girma mafi kyau bayan cucumbers ko kabeji, amma bayan tumatir da barkono, barkatai sun sami 'yanci daga dusar ƙanƙara na shekaru da yawa, tunda microbes da parasites waɗanda suke da hankali zasu iya zama a cikin ƙasa.
Baya ga yaduwar iri, ana iya amfani da hanyoyin ciyayi:
- Raba daga daji. A cikin bazara ko bazara, an raba daji zuwa sassa da yawa. Kuna iya samun cikakken rabo har ma daga tushen sassan tare da ma'anar haɓaka.
- Yankan. A watan Yuli-Agusta, an yanke itace tare da nodes 2-3. Suna kafe a cikin tukwane da ƙasa mai dausayi. Ana nutsar da harbi a cikin ƙasa zuwa rabi, kuma an rufe shi da fim a saman. Sabbin ƙananan ganye suna ba da shaidar tushe, bayan haka an cire fim ɗin.
Kulawar waje
Physalis fi son wuraren da ke da haske ko karamin inuwa. Yana girma da kyau kawai tare da kariya ta dace daga zayyana da iska mai sanyi na iska. Wurin ya kamata ya kasance a kan tsauni domin kada ruwan karkashin kasa ya shiga cikin rhizome, kuma idan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, ruwan ya fita da sauri. Soilasa ta zama tsaka tsaki ko alkaline ɗan kadan; akan ƙasa acidic, inji mai tsiro ba wuya. Kafin dasawa, an haye ƙasa kuma an isa isasshen itacen ash, humus, lemun tsami, yashi. Don sa tsire-tsire su kasance da tsabta, dasa ana yin shi ta hanyar yin yaushi tare da nisa na 30 cm cm An binne rhizome zuwa takardar mafi kusa. Bayan dasawa, ana shayar da bushes ɗin da yalwa da ciyawa farfajiyar ƙasa tare da peat.
Kulawa na yau da kullun na physalis baya buƙatar ƙoƙari da yawa. A lokacin bazara da bazara, ana shayar da kai a kai lokacin da ba'a samu ruwan sama ba. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a cire ciyayi cikin lokaci, musamman kusa da tsire-tsire matasa.
Ana amfani da takin mai magani sau biyu a wata, ta amfani da raunin maganin busassun kaji ko mullein. Bayan ciyarwa, ana buƙatar shayarwa tare da ruwa na al'ada don ƙonewa bai bayyana ba.
Physalis baya buƙatar datsa da cire matakai. Da yawan rassan suna kafa, da karin 'ya'yan itatuwa zai bayyana.
Girbi kamar yadda yake ripens, duba berries yau da kullun. A cikin kayan amfanin gona na kayan lambu, suna iya faɗuwa zuwa ƙasa, kuma a cikin amfanin gona na Berry, ana girbe su kai tsaye daga rassan. Ba a yarda da amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa mara kyau
A cikin kaka, ana cire magunan da suka yi girma don girbi kawai. Ana yanke perennials na kayan ado a ƙasa kuma an rufe rhizome tare da Layer na ganye da rassan spruce. A cikin bazara, sababbin harbe zasu fito daga maki girma.
Physalis na iya yin alfahari da ingantacciyar rigakafi, amma cututtuka irin su mosaics, phytosporosis da kafafu baƙar fata na iya lalata duk tsire-tsire, saboda haka dole ne a bi ayyukan gona sosai kuma a kai a kai ana binciken harbe-harbe. Yana da ma'ana don gudanar da magani tare da maganin kashe-kashe ("Bordeaux ruwa") ba wai kawai kamuwa da cuta ba, har ma a matsayin prophylaxis. Karin kwari na shuka sune bears da wireworms. Bait an yi shi daga gare su, ana sanya guba, ko kuma ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin zobe daga kwalayen filastik da aka yanka.
Dukiya mai amfani
'Ya'yan itatuwa na jiki suna ainihin ɗakunan ajiya na bitamin da ma'adinai da jiki ke buƙata. Bugu da kari, suna dauke da furotin, fiber, sugars, Organic acid. Berries suna cinye sabo ko sanya daga gare su jam, jam, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari.
Samfurin yana da shelar choleretic, diuretic, maganin antiseptik, hemostatic, analgesic, anti-mai kumburi mataki. Ana ɗaukar abin ado na physalis ta baki don magance dysentery, mashako, edema. Berries bushewa suna taimakawa a cikin yaƙi da mura da urolithiasis. Ana amfani da man shafawa na man zaitun da 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka bushe a waje don harin ƙurawar baƙin ciki.
Kamar wannan, physalis bashi da contraindications, amma karamin adadin alkaloids yana cikin abubuwan bawo na berries. Idan ana amfani da shi da yawa, suna haifar da guba.
Yi amfani da zane mai faɗi
Ana dasa shukar daji madaidaiciya tare da hanya ko kuma shiga shafin kamar lafazi mai haske. Creeping m harbe za a iya directed tare da shinge ko tare da baka. Fitila mai haske da baƙon abu suna riƙe kyawawan launuka ko da a cikin hunturu, saboda haka ana shuka physalis sau da yawa don yin ado da lambun dusar ƙanƙara. A cikin lambun fure mai cakuda, gypsophila, immortelle, lunaria, da conifers na iya yin kamfani na shuka. Sprigs sun bushe daga bazara kuma daga baya ana amfani dasu don ƙirƙirar bouquets da shirye-shiryen fure bushewa.
