A kan makircin ƙasarsu, mutane da yawa ba girma ba kawai tsire-tsire waɗanda ke kawo fa'idodi masu amfani ba, har ma wani abu wanda yake faranta wa ido rai kawai. Daga cikin irin wannan fili akwai launin fern, gwarzo na tatsuniyoyi da almara na mutanen Rasha. Yadda za a shuka shi yadda ya kamata, yadda ake kulawa da kyau kuma daga wanda kwari don kula, fewan sani.
Abin da fern ke girma a gonar
Fern - dangin tsirrai, wanda ke da nau'ikan halittu sama da dubu 10. Wannan wakilin flora yana zaune a duniya. Ya fi son inuwa da zafi zuwa rana da bushewa wurare. Bugu da kari, shi ne quite unpretentious. Duk tare suna sa wannan spore shuka kyakkyawan zaɓi don ganye na ganye. Da zarar an ci, an dangana shi yana warkar da kaddarorin. Yanzu fern yana da halin ado.
Amarya
Wannan dangi a tarihi yana da rawar gani. Mutane sun yi imanin cewa fern blooms ne kawai a daren Ivan Kupala, a cikin lamuran da ke sama da dukiyar. Duk wanda ke nemansa zai firgita da karfin tsabta, wani launi mai ban mamaki (a cikin bayanin adabin mutane - kyakkyawa, kwalliya da dukkan launuka na bakan gizo) dole ne a same shi kafin wayewar gari. Don haka ka ce almara na mutane. An daɗe da tabbatar da cewa wani tsoho ya ruɗe da wani sabon abu. Fern kanta ba ya yin fure. Don furanni na almara, ƙarami, farar vayy ko wasu tsire-tsire masu fure a cikin unguwar sun ɗauka.
Ban sha'awa. Ferns sune mafi tsufa mazaunan Duniya. Sun tashi shekaru da yawa kafin mutum na farko ya bayyana a kai.
Wannan wakilin flora yana rushe ciyawar ta don hunturu. Zai zama kuskure ne a kira shi ya bar. Fern ba shi da ganyayyaki - fararen ganye kawai, waɗanda a kimiyyance ake kira waiyami. Zasu iya bambanta cikin girman dangane da nau'in: daga santimita uku kawai kuma tsayi zuwa tsayi daga bishiyoyi. Tushen tsarin wannan dangin yana da ƙarfi, mai ƙarfi.
Fern a cikin lambun ya dade ba sabon abu bane ga mazauna bazara. Kowane mutum yana amfani da shi: ɗan lambu mai son don furannin fure a cikin yadi, da kuma ƙwararre don ƙirar shimfidar wurare. Abubuwan da aka fi amfani dasu sune:
- Babban jimina. Its vayi kama da gashin tsuntsu, inda sunan shuka ya fito. Irin waɗannan faranti na iya zuwa mita ɗaya da rabi a tsayi. Tushen ƙoda na sauka, yana girma a tsaye.
- Orlyak talakawa. An dasa wannan fern a cikin makarantu. Ya yi ƙasa kaɗan - Wii na iya isa alamar 70 santimita. Ya yi kama da gashin tsuntsu a cikin siffar, saboda haka sunan nau'in. Ga dabbobi, mai guba ne, amma ga mutane ba shi da haɗari. Tushen tushen sa shima a tsaye yake, yayin da ake yin kwalliyar sosai.
Matashi vaya
- Mace coder. A kallon farko, fern lambu iri ɗaya ne daga jinsin zuwa jinsin, kawai ƙwararren masani ne kaɗai zai iya bambance shi. Misali, mai sutturar mace wacce take da fallewar ganyen ganye fiye da ta Ostrich ko Orlyak. Vaya fern yana girma, kamar yadda ake buƙata ta wani nau'i daban-daban - wasu basa wuce santimita 30, wasu sun kai 70. Tushen wannan nau'in gajere ne, amma lokacin farin ciki.
- Nippon Wanderer. Kamar mace, yana da zahiri bayyananne dissection na vayya. Wannan nau'in ne wanda ke haifar da sabon launi - launin toka-launin toka, mai ruwan duhu. Abin lura ne cewa, duk da cewa fern yana son inuwa da danshi, Mai son yawon buɗe ido Nippon har yanzu yana buƙatar ɗan rana don sa yanayin vaya ya zama mai haske. Haka kuma, yayin yada shi ta hanyar spores, dabi'ar da nau'ikan ba ta yada shi ba, kawai lokacin da aka fara sabon tsiro daga tushe.
Orlyak talakawa
Akwai nau'ikan fern, amma dai sama shine wanda ya dace sosai kamar tsire-tsire na rani.
Yadda ake dasa fern
Gabaɗaya, wannan wakilin tsintsiya mara misalai ne. Abu ne mai sauki ka dasa fern fulawa - kamar kan sesan wardi, ba lallai ne ka dame shi ba. Koyaya, da dama shawarwari dole ne a bi domin shuka ya zama tushen da kuma jin daɗin tare da lush bushes.
A cikin ƙasa buɗe
Fern zai iya girma sosai, yana ɗaukar sabon yanki. Sannan an ba da shawarar dasa su saboda kar su ƙaurace wa sauran tsirrai. Shuka da kulawa da karar titi a cikin lambun suna da wasu mahimman abubuwan da ke buƙatar kulawa:
- Inuwa. A cikin rana mai aiki, fern ya mutu. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a zaɓi wuraren inuwa a gare su. Game da batun Nippon mai yawo, kuna buƙatar zaɓar kusurwa inda kawai hasken rana na farko zai faɗi, in ba haka ba yana buƙatar kariya daga rana.
Nippon Wanderer
- Sako-sako da duniya. Juya murfin bazaiyi aiki ba da wahala. Ba za a iya dasa shi cikin ƙasa mai bushe ba. Yana “numfasawa” da ƙarfi kuma ya shaƙa a cikin ƙasa mai wahala. Dole ne kasar ta zama sako-sako, ba a tattake ta.
- M ruwa akai-akai. Ba tare da togiya ba, duk nau'ikan fern suna son danshi. Don haka, suna shuka su, suna shayar da ramin rami mai yalwa. A nan gaba, suna ba da isasshen kula da danshi a inda daji yake girma. A lokaci guda, ba za a yarda ruwa ya yi tururi ba. A tushen yana da mahimmanci don gina magudanar ruwa mai kyau.
- Lokacin da ya dace. Zai fi kyau dasa ferns a cikin bude ƙasa a cikin bazara, yayin da matasa matasa. Wannan yana haifar da damar da shuka zata ɗauki tushe.
- Kar a ɗaura. Ciyawar da ta tono tana buƙatar dasawa da sauri. Ba za ku iya ajiye ta ba cikin iska na dogon lokaci, in ba haka ba tushen zai bushe.
A cikin tukunya
Street fern a kasar na zaune shekaru. Babu wani abu da zai dawwama, kuma ko ba dade ko ba jima inji ya mutu. Koyaya, idan a cikin kaka don ɗaukar tumatir a cikin tukunya kuma ɗauka gida, girma shi a lokacin hunturu, to a cikin bazara zai yuwu a shuka irin ƙwayar da ta riga ta girma a ƙasar. Zai fi dacewa ya saba da sabon yanayin.
Amfani dashi
Wannan daskararren dasa shuki yana da nasa abubuwan:
- Haske mai tsayi. Kar a tura tukunyar a cikin kusurwar nesa. Zai yi duhu sosai a gidan. Hakan yana da illa kamar zafin rana. Zai fi kyau zaɓi wani daki inda fern zai tsaya kusa da taga, amma a lokaci guda baza a fallasa shi da hasken rana kai tsaye ba.
- Watse. Duk ferns suna son ruwa. Sabili da haka, wani lokacin zaka iya shirya karamin shawa don shuka. Tabbatar tabbatar da cewa kasar gona a Tushen ba ta bushewa, ta kasance m.
- Girman tukunya. Ferns a cikin lambu yawanci girma babba, ba dwarf. Suna da tushen tushen iko, wannan yana da mahimmanci a la'akari lokacin zabar tukunya. Zai fi kyau ɗaukar ɗayan da ya fi girma, saboda babu shakka shuka yana da ajiyar ƙasa don haɓaka.
- Zazzabi Akwai ra'ayi cewa fern yana buƙatar sanyin sanyi, sabili da haka, a cikin ɗaki tare da fure, zazzabi bazai zama sama da digiri 15 ba. Wannan kuskure ne. Wannan wakilin flora zai kasance da kwanciyar hankali a digiri 22-23.
- Haushi. Iska mai bushe tana da lahani ga wannan tsiron, saboda haka a lokacin dumama baka buƙatar ajiye ta kusa da batura da masu zafi. Ba zai zama amiss don wulakanantar da iska a cikin ɗakin ba ko fesa ruwa tare da ruwa, a cikin ruwan sama - buɗe taga don ƙara zafi a zahiri.
Ban sha'awa. Akwai nau'ikan Ferns waɗanda galibi za a iya girma a gida. Waɗannan sun haɗa da fern Nephrolepis na gida
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Hakanan zaka iya juyawa cikin tukunya kuma ka ɗauki Orlyak talakawa zuwa ɗakin (a wannan yanayin, shawarwarin da ke sama zasu yi).
Wani lokaci akwai kyawawan fern a cikin gandun daji. Wannan na faruwa lokacin da ƙasa da yanayi suka dace da wannan wakilcin flora. Mutum yana son samun mutum ɗaya mai kyau a gida. To tabbas zai so ya canza shi zuwa yankinsa. Fern daji a wannan batun yana da nasa tsarin dokoki:
- Matsakaicin daji mai matsakaici. Ina so a sami komai a lokaci daya, wato a yi haƙa kuma a sauƙaƙe wani babban daji. Wannan an cika shi da mutuwar shuka. Da ya fi girma da karaya, da mafi iko da tushe, wanda a Bugu da kari karfi da rassan. Akwai babban yuwuwar yankan shi da felu. Zai fi kyau a tono karamin daji ko matsakaici ba tare da share ƙasa daga tushen ba. Kamar yadda ake cire dunƙule daga ƙasa, haka kuma ana juyar da dunƙulen wuri zuwa sabon mazauni.
- Cire mafi yawan ganye. Gardenerswararrun lambu sun ba da shawarar cire 90% na duk ganyen ganye. Dasa fern, barin shi kamar yadda yake, ba a ba da shawarar ba. Idan ganye suna narkar da ganye sosai, shuka zai iya jefa ƙarfi akan karbuwa, kuma ba a kan riƙe matsayin kowace vaya ba.
Kula! Lokacin dasa fern a cikin wata ƙasa, ana bada shawara don ƙwace ƙasa kaɗan daga gandun dajin da ya girma. An haɗa shi zuwa rami saukowa a cikin sabon wuri. Wannan yana taimaka wa tsirrai daidaita da sauri a cikin sabon yanayin.
- Shuka a cikin sabuwar ƙasa nan da nan. A cikin yanayi mai kyau, dasawar tayi kama da: fern a cikin gandun daji, an shayar da awa daya kafin a yi amfani da shi, a haƙa. Tushen ba a share shi daga ƙasa ba, kuma ana ɗaukar ƙaramin ƙasa. Bayan digging, an dasa ciyawar kai tsaye zuwa sabon mazauninsu. An ƙara ƙasar daji a cikin rami da aka shirya a baya, sannan an dasa fern ɗin, kar a manta da a shayar da shi da kyau.
Wanda ke cutar da gonar fern
Kamar kowane abu mai rai a wannan duniyar, fern a cikin ƙasa kuma a cikin gida na iya rashin lafiya, parasites na iya cutar da shi. Don wannan, ɗan lambu ya kasance a shirye.
Digging fern a cikin gandun daji
Cutar
Gidan dangin Fern na iya shawo kan ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta. Kuna buƙatar lura da matsaloli a cikin lokaci kuma ɗauki mataki.
Cututtukan Fern
| Cutar | Kwayar cuta | Jiyya |
|---|---|---|
| Anthracnose | Wii yi duhu, launin ruwan kasa ya bayyana a kansu | Cire sassan da suka lalace, bi da ganye mai tsira tare da maganin kashe-kashe. Rage yawan ruwa da kuma feshin ruwa. |
| Tushen rot | Rawaya faranti da faranti | Rasa ruwa |
| Gray mold | Ana shafar duka shuka | Cire sassan da suka lalace. Bi da waɗanda suka tsira da ƙwayar cuta ta musamman. Ka guji samun ruwa a kai. Guji takin mai magani tare da nitrogen. |
Dankin Kawu
Karin kwari
Ba wai kawai saboda cututtuka kadai za su iya shuka su fara bushewa ba. Wani lokaci cikakken lafiya, cike da ƙarfi karaya ba zato ba tsammani fara wither a gaban idanunsa, su ji masa rauni. Sannan zaka iya zargin kamuwa da cuta ta kowane kwari. Wadannan sune mafi yawan abubuwa.
Karin Karin kwari
| Kwaro | Kwayar cuta | Jiyya |
|---|---|---|
| Farar fata | A lethargy na fern. Smallan ƙananan ƙananan kwari masu kwari suna fitowa daga ganye. Kwayoyin ƙirar launin toka, ƙwai da larvae a bayan ganye. | If Idan kamuwa da cuta ba shi da ƙarfi, kana buƙatar shirya shawa mai sanyi don shuka. A cikin sanyi, farin fari yakan mutu. Maimaita hanya sau da yawa, tun da ƙwai suna rigakafi da sanyi. Idan fern na cikin gida ya kamu da rashin lafiya, zaku iya sanya shi a cikin wuri mai sanyi (kimanin digiri 12 Celsius) da dare. If Idan kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani ne, to ya kamata a yi amfani da kwari na musamman, waɗanda ke sanya ruwan planta plantan shuka mai daɗin guba ga kwari. |
| Mata masu farin jini | Whitearin farin fuka-fuki masu ƙyalƙyali a ƙasa | Sun bayyana daga waterlogging na kasar gona, saboda haka ya zama dole don rage ruwa. An bada shawara don bushe ƙasa. |
| Mealybug | Farar farar fata a kan vayay ko a cikin ƙasa, a bangon tukunyar | If Idan plaque yana kan watsewa, cire sassan da aka shafa da saman. If Idan plaque akan turɓaya, dasa shuki a cikin sabon tukunya da sabon ƙasa, bayan an wanke Tushen da ruwa sosai. |
Mealybug
Proper lambu fern kula
Fern yana buƙatar kulawa, kamar kowane fure. An buƙata musamman tsayar da halaye da dama don shi a cikin shekarar farko bayan haifuwa:
- A kasar da wannan spore shuka tsiro dole ne m. Gaskiyar cewa yana buƙatar zafi, an riga an faɗi. Haƙiƙar ita ce a cikin farkon shekarar daga dasawa wannan buƙatu yana da mahimmanci musamman.
- Manyan miya. Ferns, kamar mutane, wani lokacin suna buƙatar ma'adanai da bitamin. Sabili da haka, an bada shawara don ciyar da su da takin zamani a bazara da bazara. Kuna iya siyan su a kowane shagon fure.
Kula! An hana shi sosai don amfani da takin mai magani idan fern ne kawai ke sake kafaɗa (dole ne ya ƙalla aƙalla watanni uku bayan wannan), da kuma idan ƙasa ta bushe don guje wa tushen ƙonewa. Idan shuka ba ta da ƙarfi, ana bada shawarar yin takin ba ta hanyar tushe ba, amma ta ban ruwa cikin ganyayyaki. Maganin ciyarwa dole ne ya zama mai rauni.
- Yanawa. Ferns suna da tushe "na numfashi". Wannan yana nufin cewa suna cike da oxygen ba kawai ta hanyar vayi ba, har ma ta hanyar asalin, kuma sun fi ƙarfin launuka da yawa. Don haka, ba shi yiwuwa duniyar da ke kewayensu ta cakuɗe, ana bada shawara ta kwance shi lokaci zuwa lokaci.
Fern kyakkyawar shuka ce ga farawar yan lambu. Namo shi yana ɗaukar ƙoƙari kaɗan. Koyaya, bai kamata ku bar fure ta girma ba, dole ne ku kula da duk fure a lambun ku.
