Furen hyacinth yana burge shi tare da sabon nau'in inflorescence, tarzoma ta launuka da ƙanshi mai ban sha'awa. Yaren mutanen Holland, wanda ya fara horar da furannin a karni na 18, ƙirƙirar sabbin nau'ikan, ya kira su da sunayen masoyan su, ya kuma jaddada sunayen sabbin nau'ikan. Sun ɓata sunan ɗan amininsu, babban ɗan zane-zane, wakilin shekarun zinare na makarantar Dutch - Rembrandt Harmenszoon Van Dyck, suna gabatar da wannan suna ga "shuɗi" mafi kyau na hyacinths tare da kyawawan ƙarancin furanni mai launin shuɗi-violet wanda farin iyaka.
Tarihin Hyacinth: Legends da Tarihi
"Hyacinth" a cikin Hellenanci yana nufin "furen ruwan sama", akwai camfin da yawa game da bayyanarsa.
Jin daɗin launi a lokacin fure
An yi wahayi zuwa ta hanyar labarun gado, waɗanda aka rufe da kadan tare da asirin bayyanar su, hyacinths ana ɗaukar furanni na ƙauna, aminci, farin ciki da ... baƙin ciki. A Girka, ana kiranta fure mai ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar Hyacinth, ɗaya daga cikin allolin tsohuwar Sparta, kyakkyawan saurayi wanda ya mutu yayin gasa tare da Apollo. Apollo, wanda ya jefa diski, ba zato ba tsammani ya same su a kan shugaban Hyacinth. An yayyafa jini a ƙasa ya yayyafa ciyawa, kuma bayan ɗan lokaci furanni masu furanni masu launin 'lilac-red' tare da ƙamshin ban mamaki da aka girma a wurin. Abun baƙin ciki Apollo mai suna fure bayan abokinsa da ya mutu. Fiye da shekara dubu, wannan almara ta kasance sanannen sanannen fassarar bayyanar hyacinth.
Da yawa daga baya, wani labari ya bayyana: lokacin da aka yi Yaƙin Trojan, Ajax da Odysseus sun ba da 'yancinsu na mallakar Achilles bayan mutuwarsa. Majalisar Dattawa ta goyi bayan Odysseus, wannan rashin adalci ya yiwa Ajax, kuma ya harba kansa da takobi. Hyacinth ya yi girma daga faɗuwar jininsa, siffar furannin fure ya yi kama da haruffan farko na sunansa α (alpha) da Υ (ipsilon).
Bayanin Botanical na shuka
Menene hyacinth? Wannan itace itaciyar ganyen tsiro mai tsiro mai tsiro tare da tsayin 20 cm cm.
Menene hyacinth yayi kama? Ruwan ganye mai haske mai haske mai tushe, ƙananan kunkuntar, layin layi, a cikin nau'i na gutter, har zuwa 20 cm tsayi kuma har zuwa fadi 1.5 cm. A kan shuka ɗaya, akwai 4-8 guda. An rarraba su a ko'ina cikin kewayen gwal. Itaciyar fure itace cigaban kasa, wannan shine karamin gajerar bangare na kara. Bayan fure, gabaɗayan sashin sararin samaniya suna bushewa, siffofin toho a cikin kwan fitila, wanda ke girma, juyawa zuwa sabon kwan fitila, zai yi fure a shekara mai zuwa. A cikin sasanninta na ganye, kwararan fitila na yara, ana iya rabasu, amma za su yi fure ne bayan wasu shekaru. Ana sanya furanni a saman tushe, samar da buroshi. Iananƙan launuka mai haske mai launin kararrawa ne mai siffa-fayel mai walƙiya tare da kararrawa na lanƙwasa
'Ya'yan itacen da aka kafa bayan fure suna da nau'i na akwatin fata mai ɗauke da sassan uku, kowane yana da tsaba 2.
Wild hyacinth a cikin yanayi
A yanayi, ana samun hyacinths a cikin Yammacin Turai, kasashen Rum. Wasu nau'ikan suna girma a cikin yankuna na Iran da Turkmenistan, wasu suna zaune a tsaunukan wadannan kasashe, suna bambanta tsakanin filaye da nau'in daji.
An kuma danganta wata karamar fure ta Muscari, ana kuma kiranta hyacinth. Ana iya samun shuka a cikin Caucasus, a cikin Crimea, a cikin Asiaananan Asiya da kuma Kudancin Turai.
Iri da nau'in hyacinths
Hyacinth shuka na dangin Asparagus. Ya kasance kasance cewa akwai nau'ikan 30 da nau'ikan sama da 500. Yanzu, bisa ga sabon rarrabuwa, jinsuna 3 ne kawai aka rarrabe su:
- Gabas, mafi yawan, a kan abin da ake halitta tsiron. Habitat - yankin Girka da tsibirin Balkan.
- Litvinova - ana bambanta ta da kyau, tana girma a cikin tsaunukan Iran da Turkmenistan.
- Trans-Caspian - yana da tsayi mai tsayi da tsalle-tsalle guda 2, palette yana iyakance ga launuka da launin toka. Wurin haifuwar tsire-tsire shi ne tsarin tsaunin Kopetdag, wani ɓangare na tsaunukan Turkmen-Khorasan.
Wadannan nau'ikan halittu guda uku sune asalin halittar dangi iri daban daban.
Ainihin, an girme tsirowa azaman shekara.
Gabas
Wannan nau'in mallakar perennials, yana girma har zuwa cm 30. Fuskokin ganye mai launin bel mai haske mai haske yana ɗan ƙara da ɗanɗano ta hanyar tsagi. Itatuwan fure ya daidaita, silili, adadin furanni ya kai 35. Furannin fure masu kamshi sun bayyana a tsakiyar watan Afrilu da farawa tsawon wata guda. Terry da nau'ikan sauki sun wanzu, yanayinsu na da kararrawa ne, mai kifin ido da kuma kararrawa. Akwai nau'ikan rawaya, ruwan hoda, shuɗi, furanni masu launin shuɗi. Ana ruwa a ciki na tsawon sati 2, a wurin furanni, ana kafa 'ya'yan itacen akwatin.
Nau'in yana jin daɗin ƙaunar musamman ta dillalai na fure saboda kayanta na musamman - tilasta ƙarfi, lokacin da suka cimma nasarar haɓaka da yawancin fure na shuka a lokutan maimaitawa.
Tsarin gabbai na aiki ya haifar da ire-iren sama da dubu, kuma adadinsu yana ƙaruwa kowace shekara, wannan shine asalin magabatan da ake da su.
Hyacinth Jan bos
Kyakkyawan ɗan kwalliya tare da ƙoshin fure na rasberi duhu, mai kamshi tare da ƙanshin ƙanshi, Jan bos hyacinth, fure a cikin Maris ko Mayu, ya danganta da yanayin yankin. Fuskokin suna da kama da bel, masu sheƙi, masu launin shuɗi. Inflorescence ne mai yawa, ya ƙunshi furannin 18-26. Lokacin fure shine makonni 2-3.
Ya fi son hasken rana mai dumi ko wurin da ke da inuwa ba tare da iska da zane ba. Dace da distillation, yankan da dasa a cikin ƙasa bude. Hyacinth Yan Bos na buƙatar haƙar kwararan fitila na shekara-shekara.
Dabbobin Hyacinth
An haife shi a cikin Netherlands a 1992, hyacinth Woodstock (Woodya hyacinth) ya kasance cikin babban rukuni na lambun hyacinths. Yana fure a cikin Maris da Afrilu. Ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan a cikin launinta mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi da ƙamshi mai ɗaci sosai. Furanni a cikin nau'i na kananan karrarawa da yawa rufe peduncle. Furen yana da yawa, yana tsawon makonni 1-3. Kwararan fitila suna da yawa, a sauƙaƙe suna ɗaukar tushe kuma suna girma tare.
Hyacinth Gipsy Sarauniya
Mafi kyawun launi mai haske mai haske mai kyau na Sarauniyar Giyath Gipsy (Sarauniyar Gypsy) ba za ta bar kowa ba. Hardauren furanni da ke daɗar ƙanshi tare da ƙanshin mai daɗi mai daɗewa yana riƙe da ɗanɗana lokaci. Fulawa tayi tsawon kwana 20. Ana amfani dashi don distillation a cikin hunturu da lokacin bazara, dasa a cikin tukwane da gadaje na fure. A inji ne photophilous, ke tsiro mafi kyau a kan m tsaka tsaki ƙasa.
Daji hyacinth, ko gandun daji
Wild hyacinth yana da sunaye da yawa:
- Harshen Spanish.
- Hyacinthoid.
- Scylla shine Mutanen Espanya.
- Hyacinthoides.
Karancin sananne ne a cikin Russia, a cikin Turai yana da furanni sanannen furanni. A nasa ne da pereniya bulbous shuke-shuke. Ganye suna da sheki, mai laushi, elongated, ana tara su a cikin kayan cikin muhimmi. Peduncle tsayi, yayi girma daga baya fiye da ganye. Tushen inflorescences ya ƙunshi ƙananan furanni masu kararrawa 4 of 4-20. Launinsu sun bambanta sosai kuma sun haɗa launuka:
- Fari
- Ruwan hoda
- Mai bakin ciki
- Harafi.
Lokacinsa na fure ya zo daidai da fure na yanzu, tsawon lokacin yana sati biyu zuwa uku, amma inflorescence ba shi da yawa kamar na yanzu, kuma yana kama da lilin na kwari, wanda shine dalilin bayyanar da wani suna - launuka masu launi na kwari. Kamshin yawanci ba ya nan, amma wasu nau'ikan suna da ƙanshi mai daɗin ji. Bayan fure, wata daya daga baya, sashin da ke sama ya juya ya zama rawaya ya mutu, wanda ke faruwa a cikin dukkanin kwararan fitila.
Hyacinth Blue jaket
Ofaya daga cikin farkon farkon furanni (Maris-Afrilu) sabbin nau'ikan - hyacinth Blue jaket (jaket mai launin shuɗi), yana haifar da babban babban inflorescence na siffar silima. Fuka-fukan jaket masu launin furanni ne na shudi-shudi, masu haske yayin gefen sautin, masu kama da ratsi. Akwai guda 40 a cikin inflorescence. Ƙanshi na da daɗi, amma yana da ƙarfi. Fulawa tayi har zuwa kwanaki 15. Dankin yana da hoto, yanayin damuna yayi ƙasa.
Dogara mai zurfi na farkon furen jaket ɗin Bulu
Birnin harlem hyacinth
Garin Haarlem mai tsananin kyau da walwala yana daga manyan nau'ikan furanni. Ya mamaye ɗayan farko a tsakanin tsire-tsire masu dacewa don distillation da dasa shuki a cikin gadaje na fure a bazara. Yana blooms a Maris-Afrilu na kimanin kwanaki 20, samar da lush mai haske inflorescences. Girma kamar fure mai ciki da tsire-tsire. Ya fi son rana ko dan kadan inuwa wurare.
Hyacinth Rawa
Yellowstone wani nau'in kayan ado ne na marigayi, wakilin babban rukuni mai amfani. Halincin Yellowstone hlocinth ya ƙunshi furanni 30-40 na haske mai launi mai launin shuɗi tare da wari mai ƙarfi. Yana blooms a watan Mayu har zuwa kwanaki 20. A iri-iri ne resistant zuwa m yanayin yanayi, dace da farkon distillation da halittar furanni.
Sunny Freshness mai ruwa
Hyacinth Carnegie
Wannan shi ne ɗayan nau'ikan da ba a sani ba tare da launuka masu ban sha'awa na farin launi, kamar takarda. Caryagie hyacinth yana da inflorescence na yau da kullun har zuwa 20 cm tsayi tare da furanni har zuwa 30. furanni masu launin tauraruwa tare da lobes mai fadi. Carnegie unpretentious, yana girma sosai a cikin ƙasa bude a cikin rana da yankuna daɗaɗen inuwa, kuma yana girma a matsayin kayan lambu. Amfani da shi don distillation, dasa shuki a cikin gadaje na fure, yayi kyau don yankan.
Snow-white tsarkakakke na Carnegie inflorescences
Hyacinth Anna Lisa
Hyacinth Anna Lisa inflorescences suna da yawa, mai laushi, lu'u-lu'u, inuwa mai ruwan hoda-lilac tare da tsiri mai duhu a tsakiyar ɗakin fure. Yawancin iri-iri sun dace da haɓakawa a kan titin, a cikin ƙasa mai budewa, da kuma matsayin gidan gasasshen fure. An dauke shi ɗayan mafi kyawun don distillation. A cikin iska yana jefa inflorescences a ƙarshen Afrilu da fure 18-20.
Hyacinth Pink Pearl
Dogon matte mai tsayi ana rarrabe shi da ganye mai haske. Abin mamaki mai haske mai haske mai haske mai haske tare da furanni masu launin tauraruwa, waɗanda filayen su ke da elongated sosai kuma suna da launi daban-daban: a tsakiya - mai haske, mai laushi tare da gefen. Yana farawa a cikin Maris-Afrilu, fure yana zuwa makonni 3.
Daban-daban shine mafi shahara tsakanin jinsunan gabashin. An girma a cikin lambu, a cikin tukunya akan windowsill ko a cikin rataye mai shimfiɗa a cikin baranda.
Hyacinth Vuurbaak
An fassara kalmar "Vuurbaak" a matsayin "hasumiya mai fitila". Sunan nau'ikan ya tabbatar da launi mai haske. Inflorescence a cikin nau'i na buroshi mai yawa, mai sihiri-Silinda a siffar. Peduncle tare da fure mai launin kararrawa mai launin biyu mai launin murɗa mai launi mara wuya: jan-ruwan hoda a tsakiya da murjani ko shuɗi mai launin shuɗi a gefen. Wannan bambance-bambancen ana bambanta shi ba kawai ta kyakkyawar fure ba, har ma da mallakar ƙanshin mafi ƙarfi kuma mafi yawanci.
Hyacinth Splendid cornelia
An san iri-iri sosai tsakanin masu noman furanni har ma sun sami lambar yabo saboda kyakkyawan canza launi, siffar sa da ƙanshi. Darancin inflorescence yana da siffar silima, dan kadan ana matsa shi a ɓangaren babba. Furannin furanni masu ruwan hoda-lilac masu launi tare da tsakiyar duhu da kuma iyakar haske a kusa da gefen.
M inflorescences Splendid cornelia
Hyacinth Hollyhock
Daga dukkan nau'ikan, Hollyhock blooms daga baya duk. Ganyen yana da duhu kore, rosette yana da haɓaka. M inflorescences na oblong-m siffar siffar kai 17 cm. Kyakkyawan fasalin su ne manyan fure furanni na ban mamaki ja-rasberi launi.
M bore na ja da rasberi inflorescences na Hollyhock
Hyacinth care a gida
Sakamakon zaɓi na hyacinth na gabas shine mafi yawan ɗaruruwan shahararrun shahararrun, girma da kulawa da su ana aiwatar dasu bisa ga ka'idojin uniform.
Gyaran kulawa na gida yana buƙatar daidai kamar lokacin da aka girma a gonar. Yana buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi kusa da yanayin halittarsa na girma, da kuma canza su gwargwadon yanayi.
A cikin bazara, a lõkacin da ta blooms, hyacinth yana bukatar yawan watering da kai miya.
Hyacinth yadda ake kulawa da bazara? Furen yana hutawa, an adana kwan fitila a wuri mai sanyi har sai lokacin dasa kaka.
Informationarin bayani. Idan ba ku sanya kwan fitila a cikin sanyi ba, ba zai ba da babbar inflorescence ba.
Watering da zafi
Wani mahimmancin kulawa shine shayarwa, yalwatacce, amma da wuya.
Informationarin bayani. Mako guda kafin farkon fure, an kara yawan ruwa, makonni 2 bayan ƙarshen fure, an rage su.
Furen yana ƙaunar yankin bushe, mai iska mai-kyau.
Mahimmanci! A shuka bai yi haƙuri zayyana.
Informationarin bayani. Itace baya buƙatar yayyafa, don fure - yana da lahani.
Wuri da Haske
A lokacin fall, ana shuka kwararan fitila a cikin tukwane kuma a sa su a wuri mai duhu. A cikin hunturu, bayan fitowar seedlings, sannu a hankali ana inganta hasken wuta. Lokacin da harbe suka tashi 2.5 cm, an sake shirya su a cikin inuwa m.
Kula! An sake shirya shuka lokacin da buds suka bayyana.
An sanya tukunyar a kudu ko kudu maso kudu taga sill kusa da hasken rana, da nisantar hasken rana kai tsaye, kuma nesa da kayan girki. Idan windows suna fuskantar arewa, ana iya sanya tukunyar a tsakiyar ɗakin.
Mahimmanci! Itatuwan tsire-tsire ne kawai suka fallasa su ga rana da safe da maraice.
Matsalar girma hyacinths
Wasu lokuta canje-canje na bayyanar ana lura:
- Yellowing na ganye, sanadin shine daftarin ruwa ko kuma shigar mashigar ruwa lokacin shayarwa.
- Wilting leil yana faruwa ne sakamakon isasshen hasken wuta.
- Budsososhin sun faɗi lokacin da aka sami canji a zazzabi kuma ruwa ya hau toho.
- Fulawa ta tsaya saboda zafi.
- Rotting kwararan fitila na faruwa ne saboda m waterlogging na kasar gona.
Lokaci-lokaci, tsiron ƙwayar cuta ta lalace ta hanyar rawaya ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta; bazai yiwu a ajiye shi ba.
Ana sarrafa rigakafi (kwari gizo-gizo da nematodes) ta amfani da kwari.
Kula! A lokacin furanni, ba za a iya amfani da kwari ba.
A zamanin da, mutane sun gaskata da sihirin sihirin hyacinth. An yi imanin cewa inhalation na ƙanshinta yana wanke tunanin mutum, yana ƙara mahimmancin gaske, yana kare abokan gaba, yana ƙarfafa wahayi. Idan wannan ba gaskiya bane gabaɗaya, kowa yayi gyara don kyakkyawar ƙarancin haske da ƙanshi mai daɗi.
