Melissa ganye ne mai tsiro tare da kyawawan ƙanshi da ganye mai laushi. Tana cikin dangin Lamiaceae kuma yanki ne mai inganci a Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka. Wannan tsire-tsire mai laushi ana iya girma a cikin lambu ko a cikin karamin tukunya a kan windowsill don cin da kanka lokaci-lokaci tare da shayi mai ƙanshi ko kayan yaji don kayan abinci daban-daban. Supplementarin lemun tsami cike yake da nama, kifi da kayan marmari. Bugu da kari, ana amfani da lemun tsami lemon tsirrai a matsayin magani kuma ana ɗaukar shi kyakkyawan ƙwayar zuma. A cikin mutane, wasu sunaye sun haɗa da shi: jarumi, zuma, giya uwa, lemun tsami lemon. Kodayake ƙarshen ba cikakke ne gaba ɗaya ba, waɗannan tsire-tsire guda biyu suna cikin asalin iri ɗaya na dangi.
Bayanin Botanical
Melissa wani yanki ne mai ciyawar gaske da ke da rhizome mai kauri sosai. Harbi tare da sashin kusurwa mai kusurwa huɗu a tsayi na iya girma daga 60 cm zuwa 1.2 m. Yana, kamar ganyayyaki, yana da launi mai haske mai haske da walƙiya mara wuya. M ganye ko takaddun ƙwallo mai tsayi suna da farfajiya. An haɗa su da raga na jijiyoyin jini. Gefen ganye suna yin laushi ko nutsuwa, ƙarshen yana daɗaɗɗuwa.
A watan Yuli-Agusta, daga shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, ƙananan lamuran inflorescences sun fara bayyana a ƙarshen harbe, waɗanda suke a cikin axils na ganye. Sun ƙunshi ƙananan Corollas da yawa tare da fari ko fure mai launin fure. Furen yana asymmetrical, tare da ƙananan ƙananan petals. A tsakiyar bayyane 4 stamens da kawai pistil mai tsawo tare da kwai na sama.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin' ya'yan itace yakan faru ne bayan wata guda. Suna cikin sifar goro tare da tsaba huɗu. 'Ya'yan itacen da ke ƙirar kwai suna da launin fata mai launin shuɗi. Germination yana zuwa shekaru 3. 1 g na ƙwaya ya ƙunshi tsaba 1600.
Melissa tana da halayyar lemon tsami. Mafi dadi da zafin da yakan faru a lokacin lokacin bud'ewa da farkon fure, sannan tsananin ya ragu. Bayan furanni ya shuxe, kamshin na iya ma zama mara dadi.
Shahararrun nau'ikan
Abubuwa masu daidaitaccen nau'in gwaiwar lemun tsami tana da nau'in tsiro 5 kawai. Amfani da shi a al'adance Melissa officinalis. Wannan tsararren tsiro ya girma tsawon 30-120 cm a tsayi. Tana da kara mai tushe tare da tarin tarin glandular. A watan Yuni-Agusta, inflorescences-zobe mai launi daga 6-12 buds sun bayyana. Kowane fure yana da launin shuɗi-fari ko launin shuɗi. Takardun ganye na shuka sune ovate. An nuna su da launin kore mai haske.
Daga cikin lambu mai son, nau'in melissa na ado sun zama ruwan dare:
- Quadrille - raisedataccen ganyen ganye na matsakaici sune rabin rufewa a cikin mafita, saman an yi masa ado da hasken lilac inflorescences.
- Farin ciki - tsiro zuwa 60 cm tsayi yana da matsakaicin duhu kore ganye da furanni masu launin shuɗi-fari tare da ƙanshin lemun tsami;
- Lu'ulu'u - harbe da aka dasa na 80-110 cm ba ga tsayi an rufe shi da gajerun ganye mai duhu-gajeru tare da busasshiyar ƙasa;
- Zinare mai tsabta - undersized branched bushes tare da haske kore ganye Bloom tare da fararen furanni, wanda ƙarshe ya zama haske purple.
Ka'idojin kiwo
Melissa an girma daga tsaba, kuma an yadu da shi ta hanyoyin ciyayi. Wani lokaci suna yin dasa shuki kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa, amma yana da kyau su shuka seedlings farko. Don yin wannan, a farkon bazara, shirya akwatuna tare da ƙasa mai kwance sako. Suna ƙoƙarin rarraba ƙananan kayan abu kamar yadda aka yi a cikin ƙasa (har zuwa zurfin 5 mm). Zai fi kyau a rufe akwati da fim don ƙirƙirar tasirin kore. Ya kamata a cire fure a kullun kuma ya kamata a fesa ƙasa.
Harbe yana bayyana cikin aminci cikin kwanaki 20. Lokacin da suke girma, suna fitar da duhu ta yadda nesa ta zama cm 5. lingsalingsan itace suna buƙatar hasken wuta mai ƙarfi, saboda haka ana sanya su a kudu da gabashin windowsill ko amfani da hasken wuta. A cikin yanayin rana, ana ɗaukar tukunya a waje. Makonni 2-3 bayan da suka fito daga shuka, ana ciyar da lemun tsami maganin rauni na takin nitrogen. Bayan kai girman 10-15 cm, tsunkule harbe.
Za'a iya raba babban daji mai shekaru 3-4 zuwa sassa da dama. Suna yin wannan a ƙarshen bazara ko a ƙarshen watan Agusta, a ƙarshen fure. Ya kamata a dasa tsiron gaba ɗaya, a sami 'yanci daga ƙamshi na datti kuma a yanka tare da kaifi mai kaifi cikin rarrabuwa. Kowane ya kamata ya ƙunshi fure mai ƙarfi 4-5 kuma wani ɓangare na rhizome. Sakamakon seedlings an rarraba shi nan da nan a cikin dindindin. Suna daidaita da kyau kuma suna fara zuwa shekara mai zuwa.
A kore harbe na lemun tsami balm a lokacin bazara da kuma bazara za a iya yanka a cikin cuttings. Yakamata su sami ƙyallen 3-4 da ganye. Da farko, an sanya cuttings a cikin ruwa. Kuma bayan makonni 2 tare da bayyanar kananan ƙananan, an rarraba su a cikin ƙasa mai narkewar abinci mai gina jiki. Duk yanayin karbuwa yana ɗaukar makonni 3-4.
Saukowa da kulawa
Ana iya kiran Melissa unpretentious, har ma da shuka mai lalacewa, wanda ke buƙatar kulawa kaɗan. A wuri guda, daji zai iya yin girma na shekaru goma, amma sannu a hankali kamannin sa sun fara lalacewa kuma juriya ga sanyi da cututtuka na raguwa. Saboda haka, dasawa da sake sabuwa ana aiwatar da su daga farkon shekara ta shida. Ya kamata a aiwatar da aikin dasa a ƙarshen bazara, lokacin da yanayin sanyi ya ƙare, saboda matasa tsire-tsire suna kula da su sosai.
Don ciyawar lemun tsami, zaɓi ingantaccen lit, amma an kiyaye shi daga yankunan iska mai sanyi. Soasa mai narkewa mai gina jiki tare da tsaka tsaki ko ɗan ɗanɗani acidic ya dace. Melissa ke tsiro mafi kyau a kan loam da yashi loam. Preasa ta rigaya ta haƙa, an kakkarye manyan ƙasusuwa, kuma an cire tushen da ciyawa. An saka sandar kogi, tubalin da ya fashe ko dutse mai ƙuraje a ƙasa mai nauyi. Melissa tana ƙaruwa sosai, don haka nisan da ke tsakanin tsire-tsire ya kamata ya zama cm 25-30 (don manyan nau'ikan 40 cm ko ƙari).
Samfuran manya a kusan basa buƙatar kulawa, kamar yadda ake rarrabe su da babban haƙuri. Koyaya, a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, kuna buƙatar kulawa da shuka a kai a kai. A cikin yanayin bushe da zafi, ana buƙatar wadataccen ruwa, amma ba tare da tsauraran ruwa a asalin ba. Bayan ban ruwa, ƙasa ta kwance kuma suna ƙoƙarin cire ciyawa nan da nan. Saboda haka kasar ba a ɗauke ta ɓawon burodi, kusa da tsire-tsire an mulched shi zuwa tsawo na 5 cm.
Da zaran harbe sun fara toho, sukan girbe. Yawancin lokaci, kowane ɗan itace yana yanke zuwa tsayin 10 cm sama da ƙasa. Yawancin nau'ikan zamani na iya samar da amfanin gona har zuwa huɗu a kowace kakar.
Nan da nan bayan trimming, ana ciyar da su da ƙananan hadaddun ma'adinai na ruwa (superphosphate, ammonium nitrate, potassium chloride). Kada ku yi takin kafin fure. Yana da amfani lokaci-lokaci don amfani da kwayoyin.
Melissa tana tsayayya da sanyi. Idan akwai isasshen murfin dusar ƙanƙara, ba ta jin tsoron duk wani sanyi, amma idan ba a tsammanin dusar ƙanƙara ba, ƙasa a tushen an mulched da ganye mai faɗi. Tare da tsufa (daga shekaru 6), hardness hunturu a hankali yana raguwa, wanda zai haifar da daskarewa na tsirrai.
Tare da kulawa ta dace, kwari da cututtuka na shuka ba su tsoron melissa. Idan kwari sun zauna a kan rassan, zaku iya ƙoƙarin kawar da su tare da maganin sabulu da kuma wanka a cikin ruwan zafi. Lokacin amfani da maganin kwari, amfanin gona da aka girbe ba za'a iya amfani dashi azaman abinci ba.
M kaddarorin da contraindications
Magungunan lemun tsami ko ciyawar lemo ya ƙunshi babban adadin abubuwa masu aiki:
- mai mahimmanci;
- flavonoids;
- tannins;
- coumarins;
- gano abubuwan;
- macrocells;
- bitamin;
- saponins;
- kararrawa.
Ana amfani da duk ɓangaren ɓangaren tsire-tsire azaman magani kayan ƙasa. An bushe a karkashin wata alfarwa da murkushe shi. Don dalilai na magani, ana amfani da kayan ado, shayi, man mai mahimmanci, barasa da ruwa infusions.
Magunguna suna da tasiri mai guba. Suna sauƙaƙa abubuwa guda biyu, suna bayar da tasu gudummawa wajen magance rashin bacci, kuma suna da choleretic, diuretic da carminative, hemostatic, tasirin warkarwa. Tea tare da ganye mai ƙanshi na rage hawan jini, yana saurin jan numfashi, yana kwantar da membranes na mucous na narkewa da kuma narkewar tashin hankali.
Ga mata, lemo mai lemo yana da amfani musamman, saboda yana daidaita yanayin haila kuma yana sauƙaƙa jin zafi, ana amfani dashi wajen maganin kumburi da ƙuntataccen lokacin haila. A lokacin daukar ciki, tsirin ya kawar da guba.
Daga cikin contraindications, mafi tsanani sune hauhawar jini, raunin hankali da rashin lafiyar jiki. Bai kamata ku zagi lemon balm ga mutanen da suke buƙatar haɓakar maida hankali a wurin aiki ba. Idan aka samu yawan wuce haddi, hare-hare na tashin zuciya da amai, amai, zawo, da rauni na wuya.
