Yadda ake gudanar da ruwan sanyi na tafarnuwa yadda yakamata

Tafarnuwa ba al'ada ce da ta motsa rai ba. A cikin lambu da kuma lambu akwai ma ra'ayi cewa zai iya girma gabaɗaya, ba tare da wani ƙarin kulawa ba - kawai a kan toshe cloves a cikin ƙasa a cikin lokaci. Shuka, zai yi girma, amma amfanin gona ba wanda zai gamsar. Domin shugabannin tafarnuwa su zama manya kuma masu daɗi, ya zama dole a samar da shuka da abinci mai kyau. A lokaci guda, ya kamata a yi miya miya daidai, tare da cikakken lura da duk sigogi kuma tare da la'akari da wajabcin dacewa da takin mai magani.

Ka'idodi na asali don ciyar da tafarnuwa

Tafarnuwa yana ɗaukar matakai daban-daban na ci gaban da bunƙasa yayin kakar girma. A kowane ɗayansu, yana farawa daga farkon kwanakin farko bayan dasawa kuma ya ƙare tare da cikakken samuwar kawuna, yana buƙatar wasu abubuwan gina jiki da microelements. Dangane da waɗannan buƙatun, an kafa dokokin hadi da al'adun, kazalika da zaɓi takamaiman nau'in takin zamani wanda dole ne a yi amfani da su a lokacin da ya dace da kuma adadin da ake buƙata. Musamman mahimmanci an haɗe shi zuwa riguna na bazara, tun lokacin da ake wannan lokacin an dage ka'idodin don samun amfanin gona mai yawa.

Matasa harbe na tafarnuwa dole ne a hadu

Hakanan mahaifin kakaninmu sun lura cewa kyawawan kayan miya na tafarnuwa da albasa tare da kwayoyin halitta daban-daban suna ba da gudummawa ga samuwar manya da ƙarfi.

Yawan suturar bazara

Dangane da hanyar dasawa, tafarnuwa ya kasu kashi biyu:

• hunturu - dasa a ƙarshen kaka kafin hunturu kuma ya fara girma da hasken rana ta farko, ya farfado da wuri kuma ba a adana shi tsawon lokaci;
• lokacin bazara - kayan dasa abu ne da aka saka cikin ƙasa a cikin bazara, lokacin da ya yi dumama sosai, ana girbe amfanin gona daga baya kuma ana adana shi da kyau a cikin hunturu.

Ko da kuwa irin nau'in lokaci da lokacin tsirowa, kuna buƙatar takin duk tafarnuwa. Dole ne a ciyar da ire-iren hunturu a karo na farko a cikin fall, saboda haka ana shuka shi akan gonar da aka shirya da takin gargajiya. Amma wannan hanya ba ta maye gurbin buƙatar ciyar da al'ada ba a lokacin bazara, lokacin da take buƙatar ƙarfi don haɓakar aiki bayan dogon hunturu.

Don tsire-tsire don haɓaka mafi kyau, suna buƙatar ciyar da su akan lokaci

Ana aiwatar da suturar ruwan sama na tafarnuwa hunturu bisa ga makircin masu zuwa:

1. Kimanin kwanaki 7-10 bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke. 'Ya'yan seedlings na farko sun riga sun bayyana kuma shuka yana buƙatar abinci mai gina jiki don haɓaka tsarin tushen. Don wannan, ana amfani da abubuwa masu dauke da sinadarin nitrogen. Mafi yawan lokuta wannan lokacin yana faɗuwa ne a ƙarshen Maris ko farkon watan Afrilu. An ƙayyade takamaiman kwanan wata ta yanayin damina na gida.
2. Kimanin kwanaki 15-20 daga baya, lokacin da kayan lambu ke haɓaka ƙwayar kore, ana ciyar da shi da takin mai ma'adinai, waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin tsararru iri daban-daban. Dole ne a aiwatar da tsarin a cikin shekaru goma na biyu ko na uku na Mayu.
3. Ana buƙatar riguna na ƙarshe na ƙarshe na al'ada don al'adu yayin samarwa da ci gaba da kwararan fitila, lokacin da gashin tsuntsu ya rigaya ya girma kuma mai yawa. Yana da matuƙar mahimmanci yin wannan akan lokaci. Ayi farkon aikace-aikacen takin zamani zai tsokane karuwar fi, yin miya mai lalacewa ba zai kawo wani fa'ida ba. Ba'a ba da shawarar yin amfani da nitrogen ba, tunda yawanta zai iya hana samuwar kawuna kuma zai haifar da ci gaba na ganye. Zai fi kyau amfani da takin mai ma'adinai (superphosphate). Ya kamata ki cire kiban da ya bayyana a fure. Ranar ƙarshe don wannan taron ba ta kasance ba daga tsakiyar watan Yuni.

Duk mazaunan bazara sun san cewa kuna buƙatar katse kiban tafarnuwa, in ba haka ba shugabannin zasu zama kaɗan. Marubucin wannan labarin, tsawon shekaru na rashin sani, ya jefa kore mai tushe a cikin takin. Amma bai kamata a taɓa yin wannan ba. Masu tafarnuwa na tafarnuwa sune kyawawan kayan yaji don nama da kaza, ana iya haɗa su da sabo a cikin salati daban-daban. Wannan kayan yaji da yaji yaji an adana daskararre. Idan ba za ku iya amfani da dukkan ganye a lokaci ɗaya ba, to, zaku iya yin shirye-shirye don hunturu.

Suna ƙoƙarin haɗa saman tafarnuwa tare da shayarwa

Abincin tafarnuwa na bazara ya ɗan bambanta dangane da lokaci, kamar yadda ake dasa shi a cikin ƙasa da yawa kuma, a sakamakon haka, ya fara ƙaruwa da sannu a hankali.

Mataki na farko don samun girbi mai kyau shine shiri na dacewa wurin dasa shuki. Kimanin wata daya kafin ranar da ake tsammanin, an kawo kwayoyin halitta daban-daban (mullein, humus, da sauransu) a cikin ƙasa.

Ana ciyar da tafarnuwa na bazara tare da takin zamani kamar hunturu

A nan gaba, tafarnuwa bazara takan hadasu kamar haka:

1. Bayan bayyanar gashin fuka-fukan 3-4 na farko akan tsire-tsire matasa, lokacin da suka girma zuwa 5-7 cm a tsayi, ana aiwatar da suturar farkon bazara. Yi amfani da mahadi iri ɗaya kamar al'adun hunturu.
2. Bayan kimanin makonni biyu, tafarnuwa sun hadu a ciki a karo na biyu.
3. Lokacin da ganye daga ƙarshe ya girma kuma albasa ta fara kafawa, ana ciyar da kayan lambu kayan abinci a karo na uku tare da taimakon ma'adinan ma'adinai. Wannan hanya yakan faru ne a ƙarshen watan Yuni ko kuma a farkon watan Yuli.

Da muke rayuwa a cikin mawuyancin yanayin Siberian, ba mu taɓa riƙe tafarnuwa hunturu ba. Babu wata matsala da wani abu ya same shi. Da zarar dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, to, ciyayinta masu ƙamshi na kore kore nan da nan suka bayyana. Babu wata ciyawar koren itace guda ɗaya a gonar tukuna, amma ya riga ya girma. Shekara guda, saboda wasu dalilai na dangi, sun manta shuka shi akan lokaci kuma tuni an binne makabartar a zahiri a cikin daskararren kasa. Duk da komai, ya ci nasara cikin nasara kuma ya ba da girbi. Abinda kawai shine cewa albasarta basu da girma sosai.

Bidiyon: farkon fari saman miya na tafarnuwa hunturu

Mayafin saman Foliar

Baya ga suturar tushen da ta saba, yana da matuƙar amfani ga feshi da takin zamani tare da ɗumbin kore na kayan lambu. An gudanar da wannan bikin ne a lokuta idan aka yi gaggawa don kawo wasu abubuwan gina jiki ko microelements ga shuka. Miya na saman Foliar akan ganye yana da matuƙar tasiri, tunda al'ada a wannan yanayin tana iya ɗaukar kayan aikin da aka gabatar da sauri.

Don wannan, ana amfani da kayan haɗin guda ɗaya azaman hanyar al'ada. Amma don guje wa ƙonewa a cikin ganyayyaki, maida hankali ne akan mafita mai aiki ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da ƙasa. Ana gudanar da aikin ne da sanyin safiya kafin fitowar rana ko kuma da yamma bayan faɗuwar rana. An ba shi izinin sarrafa tsire-tsire a kan hadari, amma ba ruwan sama ba. Yawancin lokaci isa sau 2-3 a lokacin ciyayi. Al'adar ta fi dacewa da kulawa da irin wannan kulawa a yayin ci gaba mafi ƙarfi.

Tare da kayan miya na saman foliar, abubuwan shuka suna sha da sauri.

Mayafin saman Foliar baya cikin kowace hanya ya maye gurbin hanyar gargajiya, amma ya dace da shi. Sabili da haka, ƙin shayar da tafarnuwa tare da takin mai magani a ƙarƙashin tushe ba shi da daraja, in ba haka ba ba za ku iya jira girbi mai kyau ba.

Abin da za a yi amfani da shi don sanya kayan miya na tafarnuwa

Ciyar da tafarnuwa baya buƙatar amfani da samfuran musamman. Al'adar za ta dace da ma'adinan gargajiya da na halitta. Ana iya amfani dasu duka a hade kuma daban. Ya kamata a zaɓi lokacin aiwatar da irin waɗannan hanyoyin a hankali, saboda al'adar bata son danshi mai yawa kuma yana iya lalacewa daga danshi mai yawa. An ba da shawarar hada ruwa da tafarnuwa plantings tare da miya mai laushi. Ana amfani da takin mai magani bisa ga makircin, canjin abubuwa masu ma'adinai da kwayoyin.

Bayan an magance sinadarin gina jiki a cikin kasar, dole ne a kwance hanyoyin.

Bayan ciyar da hanya, shi wajibi ne don sassauta

Tsarin ma'adinai

Lokacin bunkasa noman albasa, ana amfani da takin mai sauƙaƙa da hadaddun ma'adinai. A cikin shagunan ajiya, zaku iya samun mawuyacin tsari wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa. Amfani da irin waɗannan abubuwa ya fi dacewa a cikin hanyar masana'antu na tafarnuwa girma a cikin yankuna tare da babban yanki. Amma mazauna rani kuma suna amfani da ma'adanai yayin da babu wata hanyar yin amfani da takin gargajiya.

A farkon farkon lokacin girma, lokacin da ganye ke yaɗuwa, tafarnuwa yana buƙatar nitrogen. Urea (urea) ko ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate) ana amfani dashi azaman nitrogen mai cike da takin gargajiya.

Urea shine takin zamani na nitrogen

An lalata ma'adanai ruwa tare da ruwa a cikin rabbai kamar haka:

• carbamide - 10-12 g, ruwa - 10 l;
• nitonium nitrate - 8-10 g, urea - 6-7 g, ruwa - 10 l;
• nitonium nitrate - 18-20 g, ruwa -10 l.

Kuna iya amfani da kowane ɗayan mafita. Kimanin yawan ma'aikatan da ke aiki shine guga 1 a cikin 5 m² landings. Ya kamata a tuna cewa ya kamata a kula da ammonium nitrate tare da taka tsantsan, tunda wannan abu yana da zafi sosai a ƙarƙashin hasken rana. Wuta na iya faruwa idan dililin ammonium nitrate ya hau kandari, ƙwaya ko ciyawa mai bushe.

Yi amfani da nitonium nitrate a hankali

A lokacin samarwa da tsufa da kawuna, tafarnuwa yana buƙatar abubuwa kamar potassium da phosphorus. Don ciyarwa na sakandare, ana ɗaukar takaddun takaddun ƙwayoyi: nitroammophoskos, nitrophoskos ko gishiri gishiri. An bred kamar haka:

• Gishirin potassium - 18-20 g, 10 l na ruwa;
• nitrophoska - 30-35 g, 10 l na ruwa;
• nitroammofosk - 60 g, 10 l na ruwa (amfani - 10 l ta 2 m²).

Gishirin potassium yana da wadata a cikin potassium

A matakan da aka biyo baya, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da takin mai magani mai sauki (superphosphate, superphosphate, da sauransu). granules an narkar da cikin ruwa a cikin rabo mai zuwa:

• superphosphate - 30-35 g, ruwa - 10 l;
• superphosphate na biyu - 30-35 g, potassium sulfate - 40-45 g, ruwa - 10 l (ƙudurin kwarara - 4-5 l a 1 m²).

Superphosphate takin zamani ne da ya zama ruwan dare

Sauran shirye-shirye masu rikitarwa sun kuma tabbatar da ingancinsu:

• Kemira Wagon;
• Factorial;
• Hera
• Agricola
• Fertika et al.

Tafarnuwa za'a iya haduwa da wasu takin ma'adinai, misali, Fertica

Dole ne a yi amfani da takin mai magani gaba ɗaya bisa ga umarnin da aka haɗaka da kunshin.

Kada a kwashe ku da riguna masu kyau, tunda wuce haddi takin zamani shima mai cutarwa ne kuma bazai shafar ci gaba da haɓaka kwararan fitila ta hanya mai kyau ba. Koyaushe la'akari da ingancin ƙasa wanda amfanin gona ke tsiro. Rage ƙasa da matalauta ƙasa dole ne a haɗe tare da mahaɗan ma'adinai a duk lokacin girma. Ya kamata a ƙara ma'adanai zuwa ƙasa mai wadata da sako-sako kawai a lokacin girma na tsire-tsire.

Ana iya samun takin da aka tsara musamman don albasa da tafarnuwa a kan siyarwa.

Gwanayen kayan lambu an ba da shawarar su kula da bayyanar da yanayin kayan lambu. Kokarin fallewa da rawaya daga cikin nunann gashin gashin na iya nuna karancin abubuwan da aka gano. Amma wannan sabon abu ana iya lalacewa ta hanyar kamuwa da kwayan cuta ko kuma kwari da kwari.

A kan rukunin yanar gizonmu, ƙasar ta zama sako-sako da mai. Muna ƙoƙari kada muyi amfani da mahallin ma'adinai ba tare da buƙatar gaggawa ba kuma yawanci muyi da kwayoyin halitta. Muna tono gado a ƙarƙashin tafarnuwa da albasarta tare da ƙari na humus mai kyau, sannan kuma ciyawa da ciyawa da peat, humus ko ma yanke ciyawar ciyawa. Dole ne a yanke ciyawa sau da yawa, wani lokacin sau biyu a mako, saboda haka ciyawa koyaushe yana da yawa. A ƙarƙashin haskoki na rana a kan gado, yakan bushe da sauri kuma bayan 'yan kwanaki ya zama ƙura.

Bidiyo: miya ta tafarnuwa tare da takin zamani na ƙasa

Takin gargajiya

Tsarin gargajiya na gargajiya na amfani da shi ta hanyar lambu da kuma lambu don ciyar da tafarnuwa. An yi imani da cewa waɗannan abubuwa masu lafiya ga lafiyar ɗan adam, saboda a sakamakon amfani da su a ɓangaren litattafan 'ya'yan itace ba ya tara babban adadin nitrates masu haɗari. Musamman kwayoyin halitta suna amfani da mazaunan karkara da mazaunan karkara, waɗanda ke da kullun damar yin amfani da shi. Mafi shahararrun rigunan suturar gargajiya sune:

• Mullein
• kumburin kaza;
• itace ash;
• gishiri na kowa;
• yisti
• ammoniya.

Tsakanin mazauna bazara, takin gargajiya na ruwa mai yalwa ne sananne.

Mullein

Naman saniya, ko mullein, yana da babban sinadarin nitrogen, wanda ya zama dole ga tsirrai a farkon matakin haɓaka. Amma ba za a iya amfani da taki mai tsami, domin yana iya ƙona matasa. Dole ne a ba shi kyakkyawan abin sha.

Fasaha don shirya maganin aiki shine kamar haka:

• sabo taki an sanya shi a cikin tanki kuma an zuba shi da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1: 5;
• an rufe akwati a rufe tare da murfi ko an rufe shi da fim ɗin filastik kuma an ɗaure shi da igiya;
• bar for fermentation na akalla makonni biyu.
• abun da aka kirkira an narke shi da ruwa a gwargwado na 1:10 kuma yana shayar da gadaje da tafarnuwa (1 m guga²).

Dole ne a dage Mullein tsawon makonni biyu

Kada a bada izinin aiki mai aiki don samun kan ganyayyaki, ya kamata a yi wajan sha ruwa sosai kamar yadda zai yiwu.

Kayan tsirrai

Don guje wa ƙonewa a kan ganyen tsire-tsire, ba a amfani da tsabtataccen tsintsiyar kaza. An ba da shawarar yin haɗi tare da peat ko takin kuma ƙara a lokacin digging kaka na shafin (adadin kada ya wuce 50 g a 1 m²). Litter ɗin yana da wadatar a cikin nitrogen, potassium da phosphorus, yana ƙara juriya ga tsirrai zuwa cututtuka daban-daban, yana haɓaka haɓakar su, kuma yana sake dawo da acidity da microflora na ƙasa.

Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da daskararre kaji don takin tafarnuwa.

Don rigar bazara, ana amfani da jigin freshly mai narkewa na taki kaza. Zuba 1 kg na droppings a cikin wani akwati daban da kuma zuba ruwa 15 na ruwa. Bayan haɗawa sosai tare da wannan abun da ke ciki, ana shayar da gadaje tafarnuwa a cikin nauyin 10 l a 5 m².

A ƙarshen hanyar, yana da Dole a wanke mafita tare da ganye daga ganyayyaki da ruwa, in ba haka ba burbushi na ƙonewa na iya kasancewa.

Itace ash

Ash ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na abubuwa masu amfani da abubuwan da aka gano waɗanda tsire-tsire suke buƙata don haɓaka al'ada da haɓaka: potassium, phosphorus, cobalt, jan ƙarfe, manganese, boron, molybdenum, da sauransu. Tafarnuwa ba ya girma sosai a kan kasa tare da babban acidity, kuma ash ash yana iya rage shi.

Ana amfani da itacen ash don ciyar da tafarnuwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban.

Ana iya amfani da takin ash a hanyoyi da yawa:

1. Liquid tushen kai miya. A cikin guga na ruwa 1, zuba 1 kopin itacen ashted, haɗa sosai, sannan ku dasa ruwa;
2. Feshi da yaji. 0.3 kilogiram na ash an zuba cikin lita 1 na ruwa, a dafa don rabin sa'a, sannan a tace. Maganin an narke shi da ruwa, yana kawo ƙarar zuwa lita 10. Don mafi kyawun adhesion, ɗan ƙaramin sabulu mai laushi na fata (50 g) yana cikin diluted a cikin abun da ke ciki kuma an fesa tsire-tsire.
3. A cikin bushe bushe. Tsakanin layuka na tafarnuwa suna yin ƙarami a cikin abin da aka zuba ash. Sa'an nan kuma yafa masa ƙasa.
4. Muguwar sha'awa. Ana yayyafa bushes tare da murƙushe da ash don tozarta kwari.

Ash za a iya warwatse kawai tsakanin layuka

Ash yana da kaddarorin alkaline, don haka bai kamata a ƙara shi da ƙasa ba tare da haɓakar alkaline ba. Ba za a iya amfani da shi ba lokaci guda tare da takaddun da ke ƙunshe da nitrogen, kamar yadda amsawar sinadarai (keɓe kai) ke faruwa.

Gishiri

Kowa ya tuna daga makarantar sunadarai cewa sodium chloride (sodium chloride) ya ƙunshi sodium da chlorine. Wadannan abubuwan cikin yanayin suna da amfani ga amfanin albasa. A cikin guga na ruwa zuba 3 tbsp. l gishiri, sannan gauraya da zuba a ƙarƙashin tsire-tsire, 1 m² 2,5 lita na ruwan gishirin sun isa. Sodium chloride ba kawai miya mai kyau ba ne, amma kuma hanya ce don magance mafarautan ɓoye, aphids da kwari mai albasa.Kyakkyawan maganin maganin gishiri na gishiri shima yana hade da bushewa da bushewar gashin gashin tafarnuwa.

Maganin gishirin ana shayar da tafarnuwa

Yisti

Smallaya daga cikin ƙananan fakiti (100 g) na yisti an dafa shi a cikin guga na ruwa mai ɗan ɗumi, nace har rana ɗaya sannan a tace ta hanyar cheesecloth. Sakamakon bayani yana shayar tafarnuwa dasa a cikin kudi na 10 a kowace lita 3 m². Wasu mazauna rani suna amfani da hadadden hadaddun:

• yisti (bushe ko rigar) - 10 g;
• sukari mai girma - 5-6 tbsp. l.;
• itace ash - 500 g;
• zuriyar dabbobi - 500 g.

Yisti ya ƙunshi nitrogen, wanda yake matukar dacewa ga tafarnuwa a farkon matakan haɓaka

An yarda abun da ke ciki don yawo na tsawon awanni 2-3, sannan a bred a gwargwado na 1:10 kuma ana shayar da gadaje. Yisti ya rashi karancin karancin nitrogen kuma yana karfafa tushe.

Amoniya

Ammonia ya ƙunshi nitrogen, wanda yake wajibi ne don haɓakar taro na kore. Ana amfani dashi azaman miya mai tsabta. Don yin wannan, ƙara 25 ml na barasa zuwa lita 10 na ruwa, to, an yayyafa fi tafarnuwa tare da mafita. Ana amfani da Ammoniya don sarrafa wasu kwari na kwari (wireworm, aphid, fly albasa, da sauransu). Idan kuma abun da ke ciki yai tsawan tsawon lokaci akan ganyayyaki, toshewar sabulu mai tsafta ta yau da kullun. Zai fi kyau shan ruwan zafi, saboda haka sabulu ya narke cikin sauri. Ana kula da filaye kamar sau ɗaya a mako.

Amoniya ba kawai takin tafarnuwa ba ne, amma yana kange kwari daga dasa kwari

Bidiyo: yadda ake ciyar da tafarnuwa a bazara

Kayan lambu mai yaji tabbas zai faranta maka girbi mai kyau, wanda ya bi dukkan ka'idoji masu sauƙi don kula da wannan amfanin gona. Ciyar da bazara muhimmin bangare ne na fasahar noma, saboda a wannan lokacin ne shuka take tattara dukkanin abubuwanda ake buƙata don sanya manyan shugabanni. Lokaci mai dacewa da aikace-aikacen takin zamani zai ba ku damar samun nasarar shuka amfanin gona ko da ba a ƙasa sosai ba.