Guzberi miya - wata hanyar zuwa girbi mai karimci

Amfanin gooseberries sanannu ne sosai: yana fara fara bada 'ya'ya, a kowace shekara yana ba da yawan amfanin ƙasa, ba ya tabarbarewa lokacin ajiya da sufuri. Don haɓakawa da haɓaka tsinkaye na tsire-tsire, samun albarkatu masu ɗorewa, da haɓaka rigakafi ga cututtuka, Berry yana buƙatar kulawa mai kyau, gami da riguna na yau da kullun da abinci mai kyau.

Ciyar da gooseberries - mahimmancin gaske

Ciyar da gooseberries, tare da shayarwa, pruning, sarrafawa daga kwari, ɓangare ne na matakan da suka wajaba don kula da tsirrai. Wannan nau'in takin yana faruwa da nau'ikan takin zamani, gwargwadon lokacin shekara kuma yana da manufofi masu zuwa:

• Hanzarta girma da haɓaka bushes.
• Inganta dandano na 'ya'yan itatuwa.
• Cropara yawan amfanin gona.
• Sauya abinci mai gina jiki wanda ya ɓace a cikin ƙasa.

Gooseberries suna cikin albarkatun gona masu iya tsayawa fari, daidaita da kyau ga muhalli kuma suna girma sosai akan nau'ikan ƙasa:

• yumbu mai nauyi;
• loamy;
• yashi loam;
• duniya ƙasa;
• yashi.

Babban abu shi ne cewa kasar gona ba mai sanyi ce, sanyi da daci. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa tsarin tushen guzberi ba ya da zurfi a cikin ƙasa: babban Tushen ya kasance a cikin zurfin 1 m, kuma yawancin abubuwan tsotsa suna zuwa 0.5-0.6 m. Saboda haka, tare da danshi mai yawa da ƙarancin ƙasa, tsarin tushen bushes ɗin yana da matukar illa , tsirrai suna rashin lafiya kuma suna iya mutuwa.

Halin ƙasa ya kamata ya kasance cikin kewayon pH 5.5-6.7. Idan wannan manuniya kasa da 5.5, i.e., ƙasa tana da babban acidity, to, kafin dasa shuki da kuma lokacin aiwatar da girma gooseberries, ash ash ko gari dolomite ana ƙara shi akai-akai a cikin adadin masu zuwa:

• itace ash 700-800 g / m²;
• gari dolomite 350-400 g / m².

Bidiyo: yadda ake kulawa da gooseberries

Duk da unpretentiousness na gooseberries, girman da ingancin berries ƙara alama lokacin da girma a yankin da-lit tare da m ƙasa. Kuma tare da m na humus, takin zuwa ramin dasa, kuma baya tare da miya na yau da kullun tare da takin gargajiya da ma'adinai. A inji sosai m ga ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki, amma tare da wuce kima ta amfani (musamman a hade tare da yawan watering), da bushes thicken, sun fi lalace ta aphids, balagagge muni da kuma hunturu. Idan lokacin da aka dasa seedling isasshen adadin takin gargajiya da ma'adinai an gabatar dasu a cikin ramin dasa shuki, to, miya ta fara daga gooseberries yana da shekaru uku.

Duk abubuwan haɗin abinci masu mahimmanci don haɓakar al'ada da haɓaka tsire-tsire sun kasu kashi biyu: macro- da microelements. An gabatar da tsohon cikin mahimman abubuwa, na ƙarshe a allurai masu ƙarancin ƙarfi.

Macronutrients sun haɗa da:

• nitrogen
• phosphorus
• potassium
• alli
• magnesium
• sulfur
• baƙin ƙarfe.

Gano abubuwan:

• boron
• Manganese
• jan ƙarfe
• zinc
• molybdenum
• aidin.

Dukkaninsu suna cikin takin gargajiya da na ma'adinai. Rarrabe tsakanin takaddun ma'adinai mai sauƙi da hadaddun. Masu sauƙin suna ɗauke da kayan baturi guda ɗaya kuma gwargwadon abin da aka rarraba su ga waɗannan nau'ikan:

• nitrogen
• phosphoric
• tukunya
• magnesium
• boric.

Cikakken takaddun ya ƙunshi batura da yawa.

Bidiyo: yadda ake takamaiman bishiyar bushes

Cikakken takaddun ma'adinai sune mafi bada shawarar don kayan miya na yau da kullun, saboda sun ƙunshi abubuwan gina jiki a cikin mafi kyau, daidaitaccen rabo, wanda ya shafi ci gaban tsirrai. Misali, Ammophos ya kunshi sinadarin phosphorus oxide (46%) da nitrogen (11%). Nitrofoska ya ƙunshi nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium a cikin 16 16:16. Wannan rigar miya an fi kyau a lokacin bazara yayin saukar da ƙasa bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke.

Daga gwaninta na kiwo guzberi, an san cewa lokacin girma a kan nauyi, kasa mai yawa, takin gargajiya mai lalacewa an fi amfani dashi a cikin fall. Kuma don sako-sako da, kasa mai haske, ya fi dacewa don amfani da irin wannan riguna masu ban sha'awa a cikin bazara. Tare da ruwan sama na kaka da narke ruwa na bazara, waɗannan abubuwan za'a hankali a cikin ƙasa kuma tsirrai su mamaye su.

Cikakken takin mai magani tare da microelements suna da amfani musamman idan akwai karancin wasu ma'adanai a cikin ƙasa, wanda hakan na iya haifar da ganye na chlorosis a cikin gooseberries, rashin ci gaba na harbe da 'ya'yan itatuwa, da kuma raunana tushen tsarin. Daga cikin wasu, hadaddun MicroMix ya tabbatar da kansa musamman da kyau. Ya ƙunshi abubuwan ganowa a cikin nau'in chelated, i.e., mafi yawan sauƙi don sha daga shuka. Haɗin wannan rigunan saman sun haɗa da:

• nitrogen
• sinadarin phosphorus
• potassium oxide
• magnesium
• boron
• baƙin ƙarfe
• Manganese
• zinc
• jan ƙarfe
• molybdenum.

Ana amfani da takin zamani na microMix don tushen da kuma ciyar da foliar na gooseberries lokacin kaka (bazara da bazara) bisa ga umarnin

Lokacin ciyarwa, ya zama dole a kiyaye wasu ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya, dangane da nau'ikan:

• A lokacin da tushen saman miya, ana amfani da takin a cikin kusancin kusa da tushen tsarin shuka (a cikin tsagi tare da yawan bushes ko kewayen kewaye na da'irar).
• Lokacin da aka fesa yayin ciyar da foliar, maida hankali ne kan takin zamani bai wuce 1% ba, in ba haka ba ƙone ganye na iya faruwa. Bugu da kari, takin zamani dole ne ya kasance yana da kyau a cikin ruwa.

Abincin Gudaberi na Abinci

Abinda ke ciki na takin zamani na gooseberries kai tsaye ya dogara da lokacin (kakar) amfani dasu. Idan a cikin bazara Berry bushes bukatar a ba da ƙarfi kamar yadda zai yiwu ga ci gaban da bunƙasa ganye, harbe, kumburi kumburi da kuma bayyanar fure fure (lokacin girma), to, a lokacin rani (lokacin fruiting), muna taimakon bushes don ƙulla 'ya'yan itatuwa da kawo su zuwa ga balaga da miya dace. A cikin kaka, a akasin wannan, ya kamata tsire-tsire su shirya don hutawa na hunturu; Wannan shine lokacin da ake yin itace da kwanciya daga 'ya'yan itacen buds na shekara mai zuwa. Ya danganta da lokacin cinikin guzberi, ana amfani da takin zamani.

A lokacin bazara

A lokacin bazara, ana yin manyan riguna biyu:

1. Kafin buduwa (Maris-Afrilu).
2. Kafin fure (Mayu).

Ana amfani da waɗannan nau'ikan takin zamani:

1. Kwayoyin:
   • rotted taki;
   • takin
   • fermented tsuntsu droppings.
2. Ma'adinai (tare da mahimmancin takin mai magani nitrogen):
   • urea
   • niton ammonium;
   • sulfate ammonium;
   • superphosphate;
   • potassium nitrate;
   • potassium sulfate.

Na farko, farkon ciyar da damar bushes zuwa sauri fita daga lokacin hunturu dormancy da kuma fara aiwatar da ciyayi, watau, da ci gaban harbe da kuma girma na kore taro na ganye. Tsarin takin gargajiya yana dauke da sinadarin nitrogen a tsarin halittarsa, saboda haka tsire-tsire ne ke iya saurin saukake su.

1. A farkon spring, bayan thawing ƙasa, rotted taki ko takin ne warwatse tsakanin guzberi bushes (bisa ga kambi tsinkaya) ko tare gefen wani jere na bushes bushes.
2. Tsarin kwayoyin yana yafa masa urea, superphosphate da potassium salt a saman (yawan takin - duba tebur a sashin “Fertilizing tare da takin mai ma'adinai").
3. Bayan wannan, ana kula da ƙasa a hankali: a ƙarƙashin bushes, kwance zuwa zurfin 7-10 cm, tsakanin bushes - digging mai zurfi (a kan bayonet na shebur).
4. Farfajiya na ƙasa tana daɗaɗa tare da peat ko ƙasa kwance.

Tsarin takin na Nitrogen yana shawa a hankali kuma ayyukansu sun isa dukkan lokacin.

A karo na biyu ana fitar da gooseberries a watan Mayu don hanzarta yin fure da ingantattun 'ya'yan itace. Cakuda abinci mai gina jiki sun hada da:

• kwayoyin halitta (5 kilogiram na daskararre taki ko takin ta 1 daji);
• takaddun ma'adinai mai ma'ana tare da abun ciki na nitrogen (Kemira, Nitrofoska, Ammophos) daidai da umarnin.

Wannan rigar ta sama, kamar ta farko, an gabatar da ita ne a cikin kasar, bayan da dole ne a shayar da ciyayi da yalwa da kuma saman duniya mulched. A lokacin tushen budding da budding, foliar saman miya na shuke-shuke da ammonium sulfate ko urea ta hanyar spraying yana da tasiri sosai. Wannan lura da fure na fure yana da amfani mai amfani a kan sanya 'ya'yan itacen ovaries da kuma ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa na gooseberries.

Manyan miya da aka yi a watan Mayu na hanzartar da fure na gooseberries kuma hakan yasa ya sami yalwatacce

A lokacin furanni, ba za a iya yin miya ta saman gida don kar a lalata ƙwayoyin kwari ba.

A lokacin rani

Bayan furewar itacen guzberi, lokaci na gaba a rayuwarta yazo - saita fruita andan itace da tumatir. A lokaci guda, ci gaba da haɓaka mai sauri na tushen tsotsewar tsiro yana faruwa. A watan Yuni-Yuli, ana yin kayan miya na uku na Berry. Yana taimaka gooseberries don shiga lokacin fruiting, inganta dandano kuma yana ƙaruwa da girman berries. Har ila yau, samar da takin zamani yana ƙarfafa yanayin yanayin bushes kuma yana ƙaruwa da juriya ga cututtuka da kwari.

Kamar yadda ake amfani da takin zamani a lokacin rani:

1. Ma'adinai:
   • phosphoric (superphosphate mai sauƙi);
   • potash (potassium sulfate).
2. Kwayoyin halitta (slurry cewa hidima da sauri ciyar gooseberries).

Saboda haka duk abubuwan amfani daga takin zamani sun fi kyau tsirrai su sha, yana da kyau ku shirya suttura bayan shawo ruwa.

Hada mai dacewa lokacin bazara tare da takin zamani tare da isasshen ruwa, zaku iya samun gooseberries masu inganci

Shiri na kwayoyin daga taki:

1. Auki nauyin bulog 1-2 na daskararren taki a cikin tanki na ruwa mai lita 200 kuma ƙara buladin 0.5 na takin.
2. Rufe tam sosai kuma barin don kwanaki 8-10 don fermentation.
3. Mix 1 lita na taki tare da guga na ruwa.

Shirye slurry an zuba cikin furrow na kusa-kara da'irar, mulched daga sama tare da peat ko bushe humus. Ana iya aiwatar da hanyar sau 2 a wata, kafin 'ya'yan itacen su fashe. Ciyar da za'ayi ne kawai tare da kasancewar potassium, phosphorus da hadaddun shirye-shirye tare da abubuwan ganowa.

Ofarshen Yuni - tsakiyar Yuli shine lokacin cike berries, lokacin da, tare da ƙasa mafi kyau da iskar zafi, isassun zafin rana, an kafa matsakaicin nauyin nauyin berries. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci musamman a wannan lokacin don kiyaye daidaitaccen tsarin shayarwa, wanda yake gudana a yanzu. Af, farkon lokacin shayar da kwanaki 10-15 bayan fure. Sa'an nan - a lokacin cike berries. Na gaba - makonni biyu kafin girbi, wanda ke shafar ƙaruwa a cikin girman berries. Amma bayan girbi, tare da rashin danshi, ana maimaita shi. Na lura cewa lokacin shayarwa, ingancin takin mai ma'adinai yana ƙaruwa. Matsakaicin yawan amfani danshi yana faruwa a cikin saman ƙasa na sama, sabili da haka, ya zama dole don inganta samar da ruwa da abinci mai gina jiki kai tsaye a yankin da babban taro ke zaune (tare da tsinkayen yanki na daji, zuwa zurfin 30 cm).

V.S. Ilyin, likita s. Kimiyya, Chelyabinsk

Lambuna na Magazine na Russia, Yuli 7, 2011

Fadowa

A cikin aiwatar da fure, saiti da kuma farfadowa, gooseberries suna kashe makamashi mai yawa. Daga ƙasa, yana cin ƙoshin phosphorus da potassium, sauran abubuwa masu mahimmanci a gareshi, sakamakon abin da ƙasa ke ƙarƙashin bushes ɗin ya yanke. Sabili da haka, a cikin kaka wajibi ne don gyara don abubuwan da aka ɓace. Yayin wannan lokacin, na hudu, ana yin miya ta ƙarshe. Yana da matukar muhimmanci ga gooseberries. Tabbatattun takin ƙasa bayan an dauko kayan berry na ba da izinin tsire-tsire don sa 'ya'yan itacen buds na girbin shekara ta gaba da ƙarfafa rigakafi don kyakkyawan juriya da nasara.

A ƙarshen Satumba - Oktoba, bayan an girbi, ya kamata a yi aikin da ke gaba:

1. Cire ciyawa.
2. Tattara da kuma ƙone ganye ganye da bushe rassan.
3. Yi ruwa mai ban ruwa (baho 3 na ruwa a gandun daji 1).

Sa'an nan kuma kaka digging na kasar gona tare da taki ne da za'ayi. Kamar yadda a cikin bazara, zurfin namo ne yake aikata bisa ga tsinkaya da kambi kuma tare gefen wani jere na guzberi bushes.

1. Humus ko takin yana warwatse akan ƙasa da aka shirya.
2. Ana kara Superphosphate da gishiri daga sama (yawan takin - duba tebur a sashin "Ciyar da takin ma'adinai"). Hakanan yana da amfani don ƙara ash itace.
3. Bayan hadi, kasar gona ta bushe sosai.

Ba za a iya amfani da takin mai magani na Nitrogen ba yayin girkin kaka na kaka, tunda wannan yana haifar da haɓakar harba kuma baya barin itacen daji ya girma gabaɗaya kafin hunturu, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar tsire-tsire.

Bidiyo: ciyar da gooseberries a cikin kaka

Abun da takin zamani domin hadi

Nitrogen da takin ma'adinai na phosphoric na iya zama ba kawai “sunadarai” (ammonium nitrate, urea, ammophos, superphosphate), amma kuma za a yi su ne daga samfuran halitta, watau, ma'adinai na gargajiya.

Kayan gargajiya na kayan abinci sun hada da:

• humates - takin nitrogen a cikin wadatattun abubuwan da aka samo kan taki da sarrafa ciyawar tsuntsaye;
• nitrogen takin ƙasa a cikin nau'i na abinci ci daga ƙaho da hooves na dabbobi;
• takin zamani daga abinci da kasusuwa na dabbobi, haka kuma gari daga kashin kifi.

Bidiyo: Sanarwar taki

Ayyukan ciyar da gooseberries yana nuna cewa a lokaci guda, yakamata a yi amfani da takin gargajiya da ma'adinai daidai da shawarar da aka bayar a cikin umarnin. Akwai abubuwa da yawa waɗanda basu dace da juna ba. A sakamakon haka, halayen sunadarai na iya farawa wanda zai sa takin ya zama mara amfani.

Tebur: dacewar nau'ikan takin gargajiya

Ciyar da gooseberries tare da takin mai ma'adinai

Amfani da takin zamani na ma'adinai don ciyar da tsirrai masu ƙoshin lafiya ke haifar da buƙatun fasahar aikin gona mai inganci. Amma wani lokacin, tare da isasshen kulawa mai kyau na bushes, suna nuna alamun rashin wasu abubuwan gina jiki. Abu ne mai sauki a tantance ta wadannan alamun:

• Rashin Nitrogen:
  • jinkirin girma na bushes;
  • rashin ci gaba na harbe;
  • launi mara nauyi;
  • karamin adadin inflorescences.
• Isasshen adadin phosphorus:
  • marigayi fure;
  • zubar da kwayayen kwai;
  • rashin haske na ganye daga kore zuwa ja;
  • rauni hali.
• Rashin Gas:
  • bushe da toshewar harbe;
  • yellowing da zubar ganye.
  • shredding 'ya'yan itãcen marmari.

A wannan yanayin, ana amfani da hadaddun abubuwan da ke tattare da Mikrovit da Tsitovit, waɗanda ke ɗauke da abubuwan da ake buƙatar yin amfani da su don abinci mai gina jiki kuma suna da wasu fasali:

• kada ku wanke daga ganyayyaki da harbe;
• da narkewa cikin ruwa, ana iya amfani dasu don feshin ruwa;
• cikakkiyar tsirrai;
• mallaki ƙarin aiki na tasiri akan wuraren matsalar bushes.

Bidiyo: sake nazarin takin zamani-potash

Bukatun ciyar da tsirrai na shekaru daban-daban. Busheswararrun bushes (har zuwa shekaru uku) suna buƙatar ƙasa da abinci mai gina jiki fiye da waɗanda ke shiga fruiting (shekaru 4-6) da tsire-tsire masu ɗanɗanawa (daga shekara bakwai). Tare da sauyawa daga lokaci zuwa girma zuwa na gaba, adadin takin don ciyarwa ya ninka.

Tebur: Tushen kuma ciyar da gooseberries

Tsiren tumatir tare da Ash

Ash ash itace mai matukar mahimmanci da amfani mai ma'adinin-Organic na tsire-tsire. Ana samun wannan samfurin ta hanyar ƙone tarkacen tsire na woro bayan tsabtace bishiyoyi da ciyayi, da tsabtace gonar. Musamman kyawawan kyawawan ash an kafa su lokacin da ake ƙona sharar gida daga bishiyoyi, fruitan itace da vines.

Takafin yana da tsarin gutsuttsura (guda na gawayi) da foda (ash ash), a cikin tsarin sa ya ƙunshi salts na potassium, sulfur, phosphorus, zinc a cikin wani tsari wanda ya dace da tsabtace da tsire-tsire. Godiya ga aikace-aikacen wannan riguna na sama, an inganta dandano da girman gooseberries, da kuma tsayayya da tsirrai ga cututtukan fungal da kwari. Taki lokacin da ake amfani da shi ga ƙasa yana inganta halayensa masu inganci, yana rage acidity na ƙasa yana ƙara ƙaruwa. A saboda wannan dalili, yin amfani da ash yana da matukar tasiri akan ƙasa mai nauyi.

Bidiyo: yadda ake amfani da itacen ash

A matsayin babban miya, ana amfani da itace ash:

• lokacin da aka shafa kai tsaye zuwa ƙasa;
• lokacin mulching kasar gona;
• don spraying da pollinating bushes.

Yana da amfani a haɗu da yawan ruwa na gooseberries tare da jiko na ash tare da danshi na al'ada. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don shirya infusions na itace ash:

1. Kwandunan lita uku na ash suna zuba guga na ruwa mai ɗumi kuma nace kwanaki 2 cikin zafi. Tsarma bayani tare da ruwa 1:10, amfani dashi don ban ruwa a cikin da'irar akwati.
2. 1 kg na ash tare da guda na ash zuba lita 10 na ruwan sanyi, nace a mako. A sakamakon jiko za a iya fesa tare da shrubs.
3. Babban jiko (igiyar ciki) an shirya shi ta tafasasshen leda na itacen ash a cikin lita 10 na ruwa na minti 10-20. Maganin da aka sanyaya mai narkewa da ruwa: 1 lita kowace guga na ruwa.

Ciyar da gooseberries a bazara tare da magunguna na jama'a

Don takin gooseberries, tare da ma'adanai da aka shirya, ana amfani da suturar "jama'a" ta muhalli galibi:

1. A yanyanka yanyanan ciyawa, a zuba guga na ruwa sannan nace a mako. Lambatu da jiko kuma tsarma da ruwa a cikin wani rabo na 1:10. Zuba daji tare da sakamakon da ya haifar a cikin da'irar akwati. Don fesawa, narke 1:20 da ruwa.
2. 1 tsp tsarma kirim mai tsami a cikin 1 lita na whey. Na dabam a cikin 1 lita na ruwa, saro 1 tbsp. l zuma. Hada dukkan gaurayawan kuma ƙara 10 g na yisti burodi. Sanya ruwa a lita 10. A cikin zãfi, ferment da mafita na mako daya, bayan rauni, tsarma a cikin wani rabo na 0.5 l da 10 l na ruwa. Yi amfani da tushen miya.
3. Miyar miya, ana amfani da ita a farkon bazara. Elanyen Dankali (tukunyar lita) zuba ruwa mai tafasa a cikin guga ɗaya, a rufe da kayan miya da sanyi zuwa 50 ° C 1ara 1 kopin itacen ash kuma zuba bayani mai zafi a kan bishiyar guzberi a cikin da'irar akwati. Da kyau stimulates da girma tafiyar matakai na harbe da kuma tada kodan.

Don cikakken girma da ci gaba, samun wadataccen amfanin gona, na yau da kullun, gooseberries suna buƙatar kaɗan: kulawa mai hankali, shayarwa na yau da kullun da ciyarwa, da kuma yaƙi da cututtuka. Mai aikin lambu zai ga sakamakon aikinsa a kan makircin - ƙanshin ruwan fure na fure, ciyawar furannin fure a lokacin bazara da bushes cike da kayan yaji, 'ya'yan itaciya da kaka.