Mutane da yawa sunyi imani cewa manyan 'ya'yan itaciyar raspberries ba su da dadi sosai, yayin da ƙananan berries na raspberries masu zaki da ƙanshi. Tabbas, babban mahimmanci a cikin aikin kiwo an sanya shi a baya a kan tsananin hunturu, yawan aiki da rigakafin al'ada. Kwanan nan, duk da haka, an ba da kulawa ta musamman don ɗanɗano. Ofaya daga cikin waɗannan nau'ikan sabon nau'in gyaran shine Caramel, saboda haka suna don dandano mai daɗin ƙanshi da ƙanshi, kamar raspberries bushes.
Tarihi da bayanin iri-iri
Fiye da shekaru 200, an girbi remont raspberries, amma a cikin tsoffin nau'ikan fruiting a cikin kaka shine sakaci. Caramel nasara ce ta zaɓin zamani na Rasha. Shekaru 10, masana kimiyyarmu sun aiwatar da ci gaba na gwaji a yankuna da yawa na kasar, sakamakon haka, mai bincike I.V.Shiblev daga Nizhny Novgorod ya kirkiro nau'in Caramel mai kamshi. A cikin 2016, an saka shi a cikin Rijistar Jiha kuma an ba da shawarar yin namo a cikin Rasha gaba ɗaya daga Kaliningrad zuwa Kamchatka.
Repayamar girke-girken matsakaici da wuri. Tun da yake ba kawai biennial ba, har ma harbe-harbe na shekara-shekara suna ba da amfani, ana karɓar amfanin gona sau biyu yayin kakar - rani da damina. An kwatanta shi da juriya na sanyi, sabili da haka, ana iya horar da al'adun har ma a cikin yankuna masu yanayin sanyi.
Bambancin halayyar Caramel
Caramel ya kafa daji mai tsiro-madaidaiciya na matsakaici (har zuwa 1.5 m), barga, baya buƙatar garter. Matasa harbe tare da kakin zuma shafi, pubescent, kore, juya purple da ƙarshen kakar. Tsarin rassan yana matsakaita, ƙaya ba su da wuya, an haɗa su tare da tsawon lokacin harbi.
Babban darajar nau'ikan shine berries tare da matsakaicin nauyin 3.8 g, matsakaicin nauyin 8 g, siffar conical mai yawa, haske mai haske, mai haske. Sun ƙunshi: sukari - 4.2%, acid - 1.0%, bitamin C - 48.0 MG a 100 g na berries. Theunbin danshi yana da laushi, mai daɗi, tare da ƙanshin rasberi, ƙanshin dandano - maki 4,6. A m ɓangaren litattafan almara na 'ya'yan itace ba ka damar canja wurin harkokin sufuri ba tare da asarar gabatar.
Ba a adana 'ya'yan itacun mai ɗorewa na dogon lokaci, kwanaki 2-3 a cikin firiji. Yawancin amfanin gona ke gudana don daskarewa, yin jam, syrup, kvass, ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Ana bada shawarar yin amfani da bishiyoyi masu amfani da Fresh raspberries cikin menu don marasa lafiya da hauhawar jini da atherosclerosis. Shayi mai zafi tare da jam rasberi ko busassun berries yana taimakawa tare da sanyi, kayan kwalliyar ganye suna da sakamako mai ƙonewa da cututtukan ciki.
Caramel ya fara 'ya'yan itace a farkon shekarar, yawan amfanin ƙasa shine kilogiram 112 / ha, ana iya samun kilogiram 5 na berries daga daji. An girbe daga biennial harbe an girbe a Yuli, daga annuals - a watan Satumba - Oktoba.
Resistance da cututtuka da kwari a matakin daidaitattun iri. Rashin kyau shine matsakaicin haƙuri da haƙuri da haƙuri. A cikin matsanancin zafi a yanayin zafi sama da +35 ° C an yanyanka berries, rassan sun bushe koda da kyakkyawan ruwa.
Fasali
Nan gaba girbin rasberi zai dogara ne akan zabin wuri kuma daidai za'ayi dasa shuki.
Zaɓin wurin zama
Don dasa bishiyoyi a tsakiyar Rasha suna karkatar da martaba, wurare masu zafi da rana. A yankuna na Kudancin da ke da yanayin zafi da bushe, ana dasa shuki a cikin inuwa m. Don kare Berry daga sanyi na arewa, ana bada shawara a sanya shi tare da shinge, shinge, gine-ginen gona.
Kada a dasa bishiyoyi a cikin ƙananan kwari, wanda bayan ambaliyar ruwa yawanci ambaliyar ruwa, kazalika a cikin wuraren da ke da tebur na ruwa mai zurfi. Wuce haddi danshi yana lalata tsarin tsirrai da tsoratar da cigaban cututtukan fungal.
'Yan lambu da ke da kwarewa koyaushe suna lura da jujjuyawar amfanin gona kuma basu taɓa dasa shuki a inda aka shuka barkono, tumatir, da strawberries ba a kakar da ta gabata. Al'adar ta girma sosai bayan cucumbers, legumes, zucchini.
Sako-sako da duniya tare da tsaka tsaki acid ya dace da remont raspberries. Kafin dasa, lemun tsami, dolomite an ƙara ƙasa mai acidic. A tsawon lokaci, takin ƙasa ya ragu, don haka bayan shekara 8-10, an dasa shuki a wani wuri don kada yawan amfanin ƙasa ya faɗi. Raspberries tare da apple, ceri, ja currant. Amma inabi, buckthorn teku, faski sune maƙwabta waɗanda ba a so.
Lokacin sauka
An dasa al'adu a bazara da kaka. A cikin bazara, ya zama dole a kiyaye kyawawan dabi'un zazzabi a cikin mako. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari da sauri suna ɗaukar tushe, girma taro na ciyayi kuma fara ɗaukar' ya'ya a cikin kaka. Koyaya, a cikin dasa shuki, fruiting ba ya da yawa, saboda duk sojojin da ke shuka suna zuwa rayuwa. Mafi dacewa lokacin dasa shine kaka, kwanaki 20 kafin sanyi: seedlings suna da lokacin da za su ɗauki tushe kafin lokacin sanyi, kuma a cikin bazara duk ƙoƙarin ya kamata a karkatar da ci gaban harbe da samuwar amfanin gona.
Saukar da seedlings
Kayan dasa kayan masarufi shine mabuɗin zuwa girbi mai kyau. Ana samun kyawawan tsire-tsire a cikin cibiyoyin lambun ko wuraren gandun daji, inda yawancin bambancin yake da yawa. A can za ku iya samun shawara game da halayen shuka da kulawa.
Lokacin sayen, yakamata kayi la'akari da seedling: yakamata yayi sassauƙa, ba bushewa ba, ba tare da duhu ba, kazalika da tsarin tushen fibrous ba tare da ruɓa da lalata ba. Zai fi kyau sayi tsire-tsire a cikin akwati - ana shuka su tare da ƙammar ƙura, mutuncin tushen ba a keta, saboda haka, rayayyiyar rayuwa za ta zama mafi girma.
Dokokin saukarwa
Makonni 2 kafin dasa shuki, tono mãkirci, sakin ƙwaya, a 1 m2 yi buhu 2 na humus, 50 g na superphosphate, 30 g na potassium nitrate ko 300 g na ash. Broughtarfin ƙasa mai acidic an kawo shi cikin tsaka tsaki ta hanyar ƙara 500 g lemun tsami ta 1 m2.
Ana iya dasa bishiyoyi ta hanyoyi guda biyu: daji ko kintinkiri. Yayin ƙirƙirar bushes guda ɗaya, an haƙa ramin 60x45 tare da nisan 1 m daga juna. A kan manyan yankuna, an fi so a shuka al'adun a layuka. Don wannan, an shirya ramuka tare da fadin 50 cm, zurfin 45 cm, yana barin tsakanin layuka 1.5 m, tsakanin tsirrai 70 cm.
Kafin dasa shuki, ya kamata a riƙe tushen tsirran na tsawon sa'a ɗaya a cikin maganin masalin halittu (Kornevin, Heteroauxin), wanda ke haɓaka tushen kafa kuma yana ƙaruwa da rigakafin tsirrai.
Rasberi dasa jerin:
- A kasan ramin, ana zuba wani ɓangare na ƙasar mai amfani da sikirin.
- Rage sapling a kai, a hankali yada tushen. An dasa shuka daga ganga tare da dunƙule na ƙasa.
- Sun cika shi da ƙasa, a hankali suna girgiza seedling, saboda babu wani voids a kusa da asalin sa. A lokacin dasa shuki, yakamata yakamata ya zama tushen toshe ƙasa. A cikin kaka, yakamata a zurfafa wuyan tushe sau 2-3 cm a cikin ƙasa, saboda lokacin sanyi, hunturu, koda da yake mayewa wanda yake gindin tushe bai mutu ba.
- Ana shayar da shuka da ruwa biyar na ruwa.
- Harbe yana gajarta zuwa 30 cm.
- A ƙasa an mulched da santimita 10 na santin inabin da bambaro.
Bidiyo: dasa shuki raspberries
Fasahar aikin gona
Yawancin yanayi ne yake shafar yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma ɗanɗano, amma har da amfanin ƙasa da yawan shayarwa.
Watering da loosening
Gyara raspberries Caramel yana shan wahala daga tsananin wuce gona da iri, kuma daga rashin danshi. A cikin matsanancin zafi, tare da rashin isasshen ruwa, harbe sun raunana kuma sun bushe, berries suna girma kaɗan. Tare da wuce haddi danshi, fi na harbe juya launin rawaya, al'adar freezes ko da in mun gwada da kananan frosts.
Ana shayar da Berry sau ɗaya a mako (lita 10 a kowane daji), matasa plantings - mafi sau da yawa. Musamman shuka yana buƙatar danshi yayin fure da samuwar 'ya'yan itace. A cikin ƙananan yankuna, ba a yin ban ruwa ta hanyar yayyafa ko ta hanyar tsagi. Yarinya tare da tiyo ko wani tsarin ban ruwa mai sarrafa kansa tare da norsles sprinkler ana bada shawara da safe ko bayan faɗuwar rana. A wannan yanayin, ba ƙasa kawai ba ne, amma har da ganye. Koyaya, a lokacin fruiting, wannan nau'in ban ruwa ba'a amfani dashi don kauce wa rotse berries.
Sau da yawa amfani da watering ta hanyar grooves. A kewayen bushes yi madauwari watering grooves kuma ƙara ruwa a gare su. Lokacin da kaset ɗin tef, ana sanya shinge na ruwa a bangarorin biyu na jere 40 cm daga daji.
A kan manyan yankuna, ban ruwa na ruwa ya fi dacewa. Tsarin ban ruwa na bushewa, wanda ya ƙunshi tef tare da ɗigon ruwa, yana ba ka damar sadar da danshi kai tsaye zuwa tushen.
A karshen kakar wasa, kafin farkon sanyi, lokacin sanyi kafin lokacin sanyi (lita 20 a kowace daji) ya zama tilas.
Bayan yin ruwa, ya kamata a aiwatar da loosening don cire ɓoyayyen ƙasa, wanda ke hana iska shiga tsarin tushen. Saboda yanayin wurin rasberi Tushen, kasar gona a cikin hanyoyin an loosened zuwa zurfin ba fiye da 15 cm. Sa'an nan,, an saka wani yanki na ciyawa a karkashin bushes, wanda ke riƙe danshi a cikin ƙasa kuma yana hana ci gaba da ciyawa.
Manyan miya
Tsarin caramel yana gyara iri-iri yana neman takin ƙasa, rashin abubuwan da aka gano nan da nan yana shafar bayyanar shukar. Idan ganyayyaki ya zama rawaya, harbe suna girma cikin rauni - wanda ke nufin cewa ana buƙatar ciyar da shuka tare da takin nitrogen. Tare da rashin alli, ganyayyaki sun lalace, ovaries sun faɗi. Littlean ƙaramin potassium - ganye yana jujjuyawa, wani lemo mai duhu ana gani a gefen farantin ganye. Rashin ƙwayar magnesium an bayyana shi ta hanyar rawaya ganye daga tsakiya zuwa gefuna.
A cikin shekarar shuka, ba a ciyar da Berry. Lokaci mai zuwa, a cikin bazara, nitonium nitrate (40 g / m2) - nitrogen yana motsa hanzarin harbi, kuma don haɓakar ovaries - gishiri na potassium (60 g / m2) A tsakiyar lokacin bazara, ana hadi ciyawa tare da nitrophos (60 g / 10 l), a ƙarshen lokacin tare da superphosphate (50 g) da gishiri mai gishiri (40 g / m2).
Ma'adinai na ma'adinai suna da amfani don musanya tare da Organic - mullein, droppings tsuntsu. An narkar da su da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1:10 da 1:20 kuma suna ba da 5 l na mafita ga daji. Madadin potassium gishiri, zaka iya amfani da itacen ash (500 g / m2) A cikin kaka, kasar gona karkashin bushes an mulched tare da humus ko takin - wannan ciyawa dogara da warms da tushen a cikin hunturu sanyi, kuma ta bazara, overheating, ya juya a cikin wani amfani da taki.
Gardenerswararrun lambu don ciyar da raspberries amfani da infusions na ganye. Dandelion, nettle an saka a cikin ganga 50-lita, ƙara 100 g na ash, dintsi na duniya, g 100 na yisti, kilogiram 1 na kaza, zuba ruwa kuma saita zuwa mako guda. Sa'an nan kuma jiko yana diluted da ruwa (1:10) kuma an zuba a ƙarƙashin wani daji na 0.5 l.
Daga kwasfa na banana, zaku iya shirya jiko mai arzikin potassium. Ana zuba peel na ayaba 3 da ruwa na ruwa, nace a mako. A daji ciyar 1 lita na jiko.
Trellis Garter
M bushes mai ƙarfi Caramel baya tanƙwara ko da a ƙarƙashin nauyin berries. Koyaya, girma akan trellises ƙwarai simplifies tabbatarwa: yana da sauki kusanci bushes da girbi, suna ko'ina warmed a rana da kyau ventilated. Tallafin yana da sauƙin kafawa kananka. A kan dogayen sanda 2 m high, shigar 3 m baya, ja waya a cikin layuka 3 kuma ƙulla bushes zuwa gare shi.
Mai jan tsami
Don tabbatar da babban amfanin gona, ya zama dole don samar da daji sosai. Kirkiro kayan masarufi na remont raspberries yana da halaye. Idan an girma Berry don amfanin gona guda, a ƙarshen Oktoba duk an yanke harbe. Irin wannan pruning yana sauƙaƙe kulawar Berry, baya buƙatar tsari don hunturu. A lokacin rani, suna kuma cire kananan harbe, wanda ke daukar kashi 50 cikin dari na abincin da ya shuka.
Idan sun shirya samun amfanin gona guda 2 a kowacce kakar, ana cire ragowar gangar mai shekara biyu, firam na shekara-shekara ana gajarta 15 cm. A cikin bazara, a hankali bincika daji, cire daskararre da bushe mai tushe. Kafin fure, tsunkule harbe 1 m tsawon da nunawa a kaikaice rassan da kuma ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa. Koyaya, fruiting sannan zai canza ta 2 makonni.
Bidiyo: yadda ake datsa kayan girki
Kiwo
Kuna iya dasa bishiyar gaba daya, kuna da bishiya daya tak a saman shafin. Raspberries suna da sauƙin yadawa, amma kuna buƙatar tuna cewa layering da kore kore cuttings basu dace da seedlings ba.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa masu inganci don yaduwar shuka:
- Irin. Hanyar tana daukar lokaci-lokaci, yayin da aka rasa halaye iri daban-daban, saboda haka ana amfani dashi yayin aikin kiwo a dakunan gwaje-gwajen aikin gona. A cikin gidaje masu zaman kansu ba zartar ba.
- Ta hanyar rarraba daji. Za'a iya raba shuka mai girma tare da tushen tushen iko mai ƙarfi zuwa sassa 4-5. A cikin kaka ko farkon bazara, mai tushe ya gajarta zuwa 45 cm, sun tono daji tare da tushen kuma raba shi. Kowane rabo dole ne ya sami tushen ci gaba da harbe biyu masu ƙarfi. Seedlings suna dasa shi zuwa dindindin kuma an shayar.
- Tushen tushen Suna girma daga asalinsu a nesa na kusan 30 cm daga igiyar ciki na bishiyoyi. Duk tsawon lokacin bazara, zaku iya tono ƙananan mai tushe 10-15 cm babba tare da tushen kuma nan da nan ke canza su zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa. Yana da kyawawa cewa Tushen ya kasance tsawon cm 12-15. Domin 'ya'yan su ɗauki tushen sosai, kuna buƙatar tsaga ganye da inuwa farkon makonni 2 bayan dasawa.
- Tushen tushen. A cikin bazara ko kaka, a nesa na 30-40 cm daga tsakiyar daji, a hankali tono tushen. Girman bakin nashi ya fi 2 mm. An yanke tushen a cikin yankan tare da tsawon kusan 10 cm wanda ya sa kowane ɗayan ya ƙunshi kodan 1-2. Dole ne a yi hanyar a hankali don adana ƙananan asalinsu. An yanke yankan a cikin ƙasa mai daɗaɗɗa, inda an yi girki mai zurfi na 10-15 cm a gaba, barci da shayar. Idan an yi dasa shuki a cikin bazara, sannan kuma tuni a tsakiyar watan Satumba, ana iya dasa seedlings zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa. Game da batun dasa shuki na kaka, suna bukatar a mulched su kafin lokacin bazara.
- Ganyen kore. A farkon lokacin bazara, ana yanke tsummoki na 10-15 cm daga harbin saboda ɓangaren ƙananan ya zama fari, waɗanda ke ƙasa da ƙasa. Na tsawon awanni 12, ana adana ganyen a cikin tushen samuwar mahaifa (Heteroauxin, Kornevin), sannan aka dasa a karkashin fim don dasa. An kori iska a kai a kai a kai, yana sanya ƙasa, kuma a cikin kaka, ana dasa seedlings zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa.
Wajibi ne a rarrabe tsakanin maudu'in "stalk" da "kore stalk" (kore harbe harbi). Shank - wani ɓangare na tushe tare da kodan. Green stalk - saman wani kore girma shoot.
Bidiyo: Yankin Rasberi ta hanyar zuriya
Shirye-shiryen hunturu
A ƙarshen lokacin girma, ana bada shawara don cire duk harbe. Girma Caramel azaman al'adun shekara-shekara da kuma tsiro mai lalacewa yana ba ku damar tsira daga lokacin sanyi, kazalika da hana bayyanar kwari a lokacin hunturu. Abin sani kawai Dole a rufe asalin ciyawa.Koyaya, ga masu lambu, ikon samun amfanin gona 2 ya fi kyau kyau. A wannan yanayin, ana fitar da harbe-harbe shekaru biyu kawai a cikin kaka, mai tushe na shekara-shekara an sanya shi. Rassan da aka lankwashe ta baka an haɗa su da waya mai ɗaure tare da layi ɗaya, an rufe shi da agrofibre. Don kauce wa sprouting harbe, rufe su ba a baya fiye da mako guda kafin frosts.
Bidiyo: kulawa da reram raspberries
Cutar da kwari
A iri-iri ne sosai resistant ga mutane da yawa cututtuka, ya kamata ka bi kawai da fasaha na aikin gona da kuma aiwatar da m matakan a cikin lokaci.
Tebur: Cutar Rasberi, Ciyarwa da Jiyya
Cutar | Kwayar cutar | Yin rigakafin | Matakan |
Anthracnose | Necrotic aibobi ne bayyane a cikin ganyayyaki da kuma mai tushe, 'ya'yan itãcen an wrinkled. Aukuwa na cutar taimaka wa dogon ruwa lokaci. Cutar na haifar da asarar amfanin gona mai yawa. | Cire ganye mai ganye. | A cikin bazara, fesa tare da Nitrafen (300 g / 10 l). |
Haske mai tabo | Brown-m aibobi bayyana a kan harbe, da buds bushe fita, cikin ganyayyaki wither. Haɓaka cutar cututtukan fungal na ba da gudummawa ga bashiness da babban zafi. | Ku ƙone ganye ganye, kada ku thicken dasa. | Kafin fure, bi da cakuda Bordeaux 2%. |
Grey rot | Spores naman kaza da sauri yada a cikin rigar weather. Outgrowths na launin toka suna kafa akan harbe, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari rot. |
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Hoton Hoto: Cutar Rasberi
- Anthracnose na iya haifar da asarar amfanin gona mai yawa.
- Haɓaka launin toka rot yana taimakawa ƙara yawan zafi
- Lokacin da daji thickens kuma a cikin ruwa rani raspberries za a iya shafi purple spotting.
Tebur: estswayoyin Rasberi, Rigakafi da Sarrafi
Karin kwari | Bayyanai | Yin rigakafin | Matakan |
Rasberi da strawberry weevil | Larvae gnaw da toho, ya raunana da fure. Gwoza suna cin ganye. |
| Fesa a cikin zamani na mazugi mazugi Fufanon (10 g / 10 l). |
Rasberi irin ƙwaro | A irin ƙwaro idi a kan ganye da furanni, da larvae ciyar a ɓangaren litattafan almara na 'ya'yan itãcen cikakke. Kwaro na iya rusa kusan kashi 50 na amfanin gona. |
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Aphids | Kwaro ya tsotse ruwan jujin, ya lalata su, wanda ke haifar da raguwar yawan aiki. |
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Hoton Hoto: estsarin Rasberi
- Rasberi-strawberry weevil yana haifar da babbar illa ga raspberries, lalata leavesan ganye da ganye
- Rasberi irin ƙwaro suna cin ganye da furanni
- Aphid mai hanawa ne daga cututtukan hoto
A cikin hanyoyin zaka iya dasa tsirrai: dill, Sage, Basil, tagetes, wanda ke jan kwari ta hanyar kamshin su.
Sake Gani
Tabbas, caramel yana da dadi, berry yana da kyau, 'ya'yan sun so shi.
Kovalskaya Svetlana
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=12209
Kasancewa tare da Yesichev, mun gwada lambobin biyu. Nizhny Novgorod rasberi - Penguin da Caramel. Dukkanin bushes ɗin suna da “tsayawa da ƙarfi”, a ma'anar ba su faɗi ba tare da trellis ba, biyun suna da kyawawan ganyayyaki, berries mai kasuwa, amma ba sa son ɗanɗanar Penguin, amma Caramel yana da kyau sosai.
Yanina Vasiliev
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=5645&start=15
Daga bisa, Na ga kuma "ɗanɗana" Caramel. Ga Remontant akwai ɗanɗano da ya dace sosai, bushes ɗin suna riƙe kamanninsu da kyau ba tare da tallafi ba (ya kasance a cikin watan Agusta a Kaluga GSU).
Vasiliev, Rostov
//fermer.ru/forum/sadovodstvo/212011
Daga cikin nau'ikan da ake gyarawa, ana amfani da kabejin Caramel gwargwadon ɗanɗano na ɗanɗano na berries. Haka kuma, al'adar bata bukatar kulawa ta musamman. Hakanan ana jan hankalin 'yan lambu ta tsawan lokutan fruiting: daga tsakiyar lokacin rani zuwa ga tsananin sanyi zaku iya jin daɗin m raspberries kuma ku shirya shirye-shiryen bitamin.