Rosyanka

Tsarin shuke-shuke da bayanin su

A cikin duniyar shuke-shuke da yawa, amma mafi girma, watakila, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ne. Yawancin su suna cin abinci a kan arthropods da kwari, amma akwai wadanda basu hana wani nama. Suna, kamar dabbobin, suna da ruwan 'ya'yan itace na musamman wanda ke taimakawa wajen farfadowa da kuma kwantar da wanda aka azabtar, yana karɓar kayan da ake bukata.

Wasu daga cikin waɗannan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire zasu iya girma a gida. Abin da daidai da abin da suke wakiltar, za mu gaya kara.

Sarracenia (Sarracenia)

Gidan yanayi na wannan shuka shine gabashin gabashin Arewacin Amirka, amma a yau an samo shi a Texas da kudu maso Kanada. Wadanda suka kamu da cutar sun kama shi a cikin furen, suna da siffar juju da rami mai zurfi da ƙananan ɗaki a kan rami. Wannan tsari yana kare ƙugiyar daga maida ruwan sama, wanda zai iya tsarke ruwan 'ya'yan itace a ciki. Ya ƙunshi nau'o'in enzymes daban-daban, ciki har da protease. Tare da gefen ruwan lily mai laushi, ruwan 'ya'yan itace ne wanda aka sake fitowa. Wannan tarkon shuka kuma janyo hankalin kwari. Zauna a kan sassanta mai ban sha'awa, ba a tsare su ba, sun fada cikin rami kuma suna jin dadi.

Yana da muhimmanci! A yau, akwai fiye da nau'in nau'in irin wannan shuke-shuke a sassa daban-daban na duniya. Mafi yawansu suna girma a Kudancin Amirka, Australia, Afrika. Amma dukansu, ba tare da nau'in nau'in ba, suna amfani da daya daga cikin hanyoyi guda biyar na kama ganima: fure a siffar jug, tsire-tsire masu kama da tarko, tsoma cikin tarko, tarko mai kamawa, fashewar fuka a cikin tarko.

Nepenthes

Cibiyoyin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da ke ciyar da kwari. Ya yi girma kamar yadda tasiri, yana girma zuwa mita 15. An kafa ganye a kan tashar, a ƙarshen abin da daya yake girma. A ƙarshen eriya fure a siffar jug ​​tare da lokaci an kafa, wanda aka yi amfani dashi azaman tarkon. A hanyar, a cikin wannan kofin ruwa na ruwa an tattara, wanda birai ke sha a wuraren da suke. Saboda wannan, an karɓi wani suna - "kofin wake". Ruwan da yake ciki a cikin kofi na halitta shi ne kadan m, yana da ruwa kawai. Kwayoyin da ke cikin shi kawai suna nutsewa, sannan tsire-tsire ya narke. Wannan tsari yana faruwa a cikin ƙananan tasa, inda gland na musamman ke samuwa don shafewa da sake rarraba kayan abinci.

Shin kuna sani? Masanin shahararren masanin Karl Linnaeus, wanda a cikin karni na 18 ya kafa tsarin don tsara yanayin rayuwa, wanda muke amfani da ita yau, ya ki yarda cewa wannan zai yiwu. Bayan haka, idan Venus ya tashi ya cinye kwari, hakan ya saba da tsari na halitta, wanda Allah ya kafa. Linnae ya yi imanin cewa tsire-tsire sun kama kwari da zarar, kuma idan ƙananan ƙwayar buƙatun nan suna tsayawa tsalle, za'a saki. Tsire-tsire da ke ciyar da dabbobi suna haifar da wata ƙararrawa mai ban mamaki. Wataƙila, gaskiyar ita ce irin wannan tsari na abubuwa ya sabawa ra'ayoyinmu game da duniya.

Wannan tsire-tsire ta tsire-tsire tana da kimanin nau'o'in 130 wadanda suka fi girma a Seychelles, Madagascar, Philippines, da Sumatra, Borneo, India, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, China. Hakanan, tsire-tsire suna samar da karamin kwalba, tarko da kuma ciyar kawai a kan kwari. Amma jinsuna irin su Nepenthes Rajah da Nepenthes Rafflesiana ba su kishi ga kananan dabbobi ba. Wannan furen-carnivore ya samu nasarar samun digiri mai kyau, ƙwan zuma da ƙananan ratsi.

Tsarin gwaninta (Genlisea)

Wannan m, a kallo na farko, ciyawa ke tsiro a Afirka ta Kudu da Amurka ta tsakiya, da Afrika, Brazil da kuma Madagascar. Ganye da yawa daga cikin jinsunan, wanda yawansu ya fi 20, ya fitar da gel mai zurfi don jawo hankalin da aka tsare. Amma tarkon kanta yana a cikin ƙasa, inda tsire-tsire ke shayar da kwari da ƙanshi mai kyau. Tarkon yana da motsi mai zurfi wanda ya fitar da ruwa. Daga cikin ciki an rufe su tare da saukewa daga ƙasa daga fitowar, wanda ba ya kyale wanda aka azabtar ya fita. Kwanan kuma suna aiki ne a matsayin asalin shuka. Daga sama, injin yana da tsire-tsire mai ban sha'awa, da fure a kan karamin kimanin cm 20. Furen, dangane da jinsuna, na iya samun launi daban-daban, amma yawancin launuka na launin rawaya suna rinjaye. Kodayake genise yana da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, yana ciyarwa a kan kwayoyin halitta.

Darlington California (Darlingtonia Californica)

Ɗaya daga cikin tsire ne kawai yake da alaka da Darlingtonia - Darlingtonia Californian. Zaka iya samun shi a cikin marẽmari da marmarin California da Oregon. Ko da yake an yi imani cewa wannan shuka mai ban sha'awa yana son ruwa mai gudu. Tarkon yana da ganyen shuka a launin ja-orange. Suna da siffar zangon katako, da tsumma mai haske a saman, tare da zane-zane guda biyu suna rataye daga ƙarshensa. Yunkuri, inda kwari yake shayar da ƙwayoyin ƙanshi, yana da 60 cm a diamita.Ya yi girma cikin ciki zuwa gabobin kwayoyi. Saboda haka, kwari wanda ya shiga ciki yana da hanya ɗaya - zurfi cikin shuka. Komawa zuwa saman bai iya ba.

Bladderwort (Utricularia)

Tsarin jinsin wadannan tsire-tsire, wanda ya hada da nau'in 220, ya sami sunansa ga yawan adadin kumfa daga 0.2 mm zuwa 1.2 cm, wanda aka yi amfani dashi azaman tarko. A cikin kumfa, matsa lamba da ƙananan bawul wanda ya buɗe cikin ciki kuma sauƙin sauke kwari a tsakiya tare da ruwa, amma ba ya saki su. Kamar yadda abinci ga shuka yayi amfani da tadpoles da ruwa na ruwa, da kwayoyin halitta marasa sauki. Tushen shuka ba shine, saboda yana zaune a cikin ruwa. Sama da ruwa yana samar da furanni tare da ƙananan flower. An dauke shi da tsire-tsire mafi tsayi a duniya. Yana tsiro akan ƙasa mai kyau ko cikin ruwa a ko'ina, sai Antarctica.

Zhiryanka (Pinguicula)

Gidan yana da haske mai duhu ko ganye mai laushi, an rufe shi da ruwa mai laushi, wanda yake da laushi da ƙwayoyin kwari. Babban mazauna - Asia, Turai, Arewa da Kudancin Amirka.

Yana da muhimmanci! Yau, shahararrun tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire na gida ya karu sosai don haka masu kare dabbobi sun ɓoye wuraren da aka gano irin wadannan tsire-tsire. In ba haka ba, malaman da suke cinikin kayan haram da cinikayya a cikin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ne nan da nan.
Gindin ganyen Zhiryanka yana da nau'i biyu na sel. Wasu suna haifar da mucous da tsayayyen kyawawan abin da ke nunawa a kan fuskar su a cikin nau'i. Ayyukan wasu kwayoyin halitta shine samar da enzymes na musamman don narkewa: esterase, protease, amylase. Daga cikin nau'o'in tsire-tsire iri iri na 73, akwai wadanda ke aiki a zagaye na shekara. Kuma akwai wadanda suka "barci" don hunturu, suna samar da mummunar fitar da ba'a da carnivorous. Lokacin da yanayin zafi ya taso, injin din ya bar labaran carnivorous.

Rosyanka (Drosera)

Daya daga cikin mafi kyau gida shuke-shuke prators. Bugu da ƙari, yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan nau'in tsirrai na tsirrai na carnivorous. Ya haɗa da akalla 194 nau'in da za a iya samu a kusan kowane kusurwa na duniya, sai dai Antarctica. Yawancin jinsunan suna haifar da raguwa, amma wasu jinsunan suna haifar da rosettes a tsaye zuwa mita a tsawo. Dukansu an rufe su da glandular tentacles, a ƙarshen wanda dauke da droplets na m secretions. Kwayoyin da suke janyo hankulan su suna zaune a kansu, sandunansu, kuma sutura fara fara motsawa, rufe wadanda ke fama da tarko. Gland wanda yake a kan ganye ya ɓoye ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai narkewa da kuma sha na gina jiki.

Littafi Mai Tsarki (Byblis)

Likitoci, duk da jin dadinsa, ana kiransa duniyar bakan gizo. Asali daga Arewa da Western Australia, an samo shi a New Guinea a kan rigar, yankuna. Yana tsiro karamin shrub, amma wani lokacin zai kai 70 cm a tsawo. Yana ba da kyawawan furanni masu inuwa, amma akwai tsaunuka masu tsabta. A cikin cikin inflorescence akwai hanzari guda biyar. Amma tarko don kwari suna ganye tare da zagaye na giciye, wanda aka haɗe da gashin glandular. Kamar dai sauransu, a ƙarshen suna da sassauci, abin da zai iya sace wadanda ke fama. Bugu da ƙari, akwai nau'i-nau'i guda biyu a cikin rubutun: abin da ke ɓoyewa da abin da ke ci abinci. Amma, ba kamar sundews ba, biblis baya ɓoye enzymes don wannan tsari. Kwayar Botanists har yanzu suna cikin rikice-rikice da bincike akan narkewar shuka.

Aldrandanda vesicular (Aldrovanda vesiculosa)

Lokacin da masu sha'awar furanni masu sha'awa suna sha'awar sunan furen da ke ci kwari, sunyi koyi game da bubbly aldorande. Gaskiyar ita ce, shuka yana cikin ruwa, ba shi da asalinsu, sabili da haka ana amfani dashi kadan a cikin gida. Yana ciyar da yafi kan murkushewa da kananan ruwa. Kamar yadda tarkuna, yana amfani da filamentous ya tashi har zuwa 3 mm a tsawon, wanda girma by 5-9 guda a kusa da kewaye da tushe tare da dukan tsawon. A cikin ganyayyaki sunyi girma da man fetur masu tsalle-tsalle, suna cike da iska, wanda ya ba da damar shuka su kusa da filin. A iyakar su an haɗa su da launi guda biyu a cikin harsashi, an rufe su tare da gashin gashi. Da zarar sun ji haushi da wanda aka azabtar, sai ganye ta rufe, ta kama shi da kuma tace shi.

A mai tushe kansu sun isa tsawon 11 cm. Aldrewda yana girma cikin sauri, yana ƙara har zuwa 9 mm kowace rana a tsawo, yana samar da sabon curl kowace rana. Duk da haka, yayin da yake girma a ƙarshen ƙarshen, ɗayan ya mutu a wancan. Ginin yana samar da furen furen guda guda.

Venus Flytrap (Dionea Muscipula)

Wannan shi ne mafi shahararren tsire-tsire mai tsami, wanda aka yalwata a gida. Yana ciyar da kanchnids, kwari da sauran ƙananan kwari. Tsarin kuma ƙananan, daga wani ɗan gajeren lokaci bayan flowering da shuka za ta yi girma da 4-7 ganye. Fure a cikin kananan furanni, an tattara su a cikin goga.

Shin kuna sani? Darwin yayi gwaje-gwaje masu yawa tare da tsire-tsire waɗanda suke ciyar da kwari. Ya ciyar da su ba kawai kwari ba, amma har kwai yolk, nama na nama. A sakamakon haka, ya yanke shawara cewa an kunna predator, bayan an sami abinci, ta hanyar nauyi daidai da gashin mutum. Mafi mamaki a gare shi shi ne Venus flytrap. Yana da babban matakin rufewa da tarko, wanda a lokacin narkewa da wanda aka azabtar a zahiri juya zuwa cikin ciki. Don sake buɗe dakin shuka akalla mako guda.
Yawan launi a karshen ya kasu kashi biyu na lobes, wanda ya haifar da tarko. A ciki, lobes suna launin ja, amma ganye da kansu, dangane da iri-iri, suna da launi daban-daban, ba kawai kore ba. Tare da gefuna na tarko, ƙwayoyin bristly suna girma da ƙwaƙwalwa yana da kyau ga kwari. A cikin tarkon ya zama mai karfin gashi. Da zarar wadanda aka azabtar da su, tarkon ya kama. Lobes suna fara girma da kuma ɗauka, suna shimfiɗa ganima. Bugu da kari, ruwan 'ya'yan itace yana ƙurewa don narkewa. Bayan kwanaki 10 kawai harsashi na chitinous ya kasance daga gare shi. A tsawon tsawon rayuwarsa, kowane ganye a kan ƙirar kwari uku.

Kwayoyin Predator a yau suna da shahararrun irin shuke-shuke gida. Gaskiya ne, yawancin masu yawan fure-fure ne da aka sani kawai ga Venus flytrap. A gaskiya ma, a gida, za ku iya girma wasu abubuwan da ke sha'awa da tsire-tsire. Wasu daga cikinsu suna girma a cikin ruwa, amma yawanci zasu buƙaci tukunya da ƙasa mara kyau. Yana da ƙasa mara kyau mai gina jiki kuma ya halitta cikin yanayin irin wadannan tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa wadanda ke ciyar da kwari har ma da kananan dabbobi.