Raspberries: yadda ake shuka bishiyar bishiyar kuka ta Rasha

Rasberi yana girma a kusan kowane yanki, amma ba duk yan lambu bane ke iya samun girbin girbi daga gare ta. Mafi sau da yawa, dalilin ƙaramin adadin berries shine kurakurai a cikin kayan aikin gona. Mun koya yadda za a nisance su da kuma ƙara girman damar wannan al'ada daga labarin.

Tarihin dabarun rasberi

Daga zamanin d people a da mutane suka yi amfani da raspberries a matsayin lafiya. Abubuwan binciken da masanan ke bayarwa na samo asalinsu ne a lokacin rami na Bronze da Stone Age. Hakanan an kuma tsara ƙaunar tsohuwar Girkawa da Romawa ga wannan shuka. Sun dauki berries ba kawai don cin abinci ba, har ma don kula da cututtuka daban-daban. Raspberries suma sun shahara a tsakanin kabilun Slavic: tabbacin wannan shine yawancin nassoshi game da shi a cikin ayyukan fasaha na baka.

A zamanin da, mutane sun ɗauki rasberi ba kawai don cin abinci ba, har ma don kula da cututtuka daban-daban

Farkon rubutun da aka ambata na raspberries a matsayin kayan lambu mai tsire-tsire daga ƙarni na 4. Koyaya, wannan al'ada ta yadu ne kawai a ƙarni na 16, lokacin da sufaye na Yammacin Turai suka fara horar da shi. Sun dasa bishiyoyin daji zuwa makircinsu, sun lura da su kuma sun zabi mafi kyawun siffofin. A farkon karni na XVII, rubutattun bayanai game da ire-iren wannan al'adar da fararen fari da ja tuni an fara bayyana su, kuma a shekarar 1826 aka buga littafin mai dauke da nau'ikan 26 a Landan.

A kan iyakar Rasha, an dasa bishiyoyin bishiyoyi a cikin lambuna ko da a ƙarƙashin Yuri Dolgoruky, amma nau'ikan al'adunmu na farko sun bayyana a nan kawai a ƙarni na 17. Gidajen tarihi da wuraren shakatawa na boyar sun zama sanannun cibiyoyin malinovodstvo. Haka kuma, a yawancinsu ba kawai an girbe bane, har ma suna tsunduma cikin aikin kiwo. Sakamakon haka, ya zuwa 1860 yawan nau'ikan da aka noma sun karu zuwa 150.

A yau, ana shuka ciyawar bishiyoyi a ƙasashe da yawa na duniya. An girma duka a cikin manyan gonaki da kuma a cikin kananan lambuna masu zaman kansu. Shugabanni da aka yi fice da su a harkar samarwa sune:

• Rasha (210 dubu tan na berries a kowace shekara);
• Serbia (90,000 tan na berries a kowace shekara);
• Amurka (tan dubu 62 na berries a kowace shekara);
• Poland (tan dubu 38 na berries a kowace shekara).

Zabin raspberries ba ya tsayawa. A yau akwai adadi mai yawa na wannan al'ada. Daga cikin su, zaku iya samun tsire-tsire masu launin ja, rawaya da baƙar fata launuka na 'ya'yan itatuwa daban-daban na lokacin yin girki, gami da waɗanda suke da nau'in gyara.

Babban matakai na girma raspberries

Rasberi girma yana farawa da zaɓi na kayan shuka. Ya kamata ƙananan tsire-tsire masu tasowa su kasance da tsarin tushen fibrous ba tare da haɓaka ko cones da tushe mai tushe tare da diamita na 8-12 mm. Yana da kyau don siyan su a cikin manyan kantuna na musamman ko gandun daji - wannan zai taimaka wajen guje wa grafting, wanda masu siyar da kullun suke yin zunubi a cikin kananan kasuwanni ko bikin.

A cikin manyan wuraren adana yara, ana adana shuki Rashan a cikin gidajen sanyi a cikin hunturu

Bayan siyan seedlings daga cikin lambu, sabon rayuwa mai kayatarwa ya fara. Kawai tsayawa raspberries a cikin ƙasa kuma ku manta da shi kafin fruiting ba ya aiki. Don girbin yalwataccen girbi, sabon man girki mai rasberi dole ne ya bi ka'idodin ka'idodin kayan aikin gona.

Saukowa

Saukowa a cikin wani wuri na dindindin shine ɗayan mahimman mahimman matakan narkar da rasberi. Kuskuren da aka yi a wannan lokacin tabbas zai shafi inganci da adadin amfanin gona, kuma a wasu yanayi na iya haifar da mutuwar shuka. Ana iya dasa Raspberries a cikin ƙasa a cikin bazara, nan da nan bayan kafa ingantaccen zazzabi, ko a kaka - aƙalla wata ɗaya kafin sanyi. A yankuna da ke da yanayin sanyi, ya kamata a fi son shuka shuki, kuma a kudu mai ɗumi, an yarda da kaka kuma.

Zaɓin wurin zama

Rasberi fi son da-lit, sheltered daga iska yankunan. Mafi sau da yawa, ana dasa shi tare da shinge ko bango na gine-gine, amma dole ne a kula don tabbatar da cewa basu ɓoye tsirrai ba.. Don wannan, ana sanya filayen a nesa da aƙalla 3 m daga gine-ginen.

Idan an yi niyyar dasa bishiyoyi kusa da shinge daga jirgin ruwan, nisan da yake da shi yakamata ya zama 3 m

Abun da kasa na raspberries ba musamman wuya ba. Yana ɗaukar 'ya'yan itace da kyau a kan loamy, yashi loam, chernozemic ko wasu ƙasa tare da ɗan ɗanɗano acidic ko tsaka tsaki. Yankunan kawai tare da babban matakin ruwan karkashin ruwa da ƙasa mai laushi masu yawa, mai ba da izinin daidaita turɓayar danshi, bazai dace da shi ba.

Abokai masu kyau da mara kyau don raspberries

Lokacin zabar wani wuri don yin girma raspberries, ya kamata kula da makwabta mafi kusa. Kada ku dasa shi kusa da strawberries ko strawberries, saboda waɗannan albarkatu suna da cututtuka na yau da kullun kuma kwari iri ɗaya ne. Bugu da kari, Tushen raspberries da strawberries suna wuri guda, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa bushes ya zama gasa a cikin hakar abubuwan gina jiki.

Rasberi shima yana da illa game da kusancinsa zuwa cherries, currants, da buckthorn teku. Saboda waɗannan tsire-tsire, waɗanda ke lalata ƙasa, yana iya rasa ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, wanda hakan zai haifar da inganci da ingancin berries.

Raspberries suna amsawa da kyau don dasa kusa da apples, honeysuckles, pears, plums da barberries, da tsire-tsire kamar tafarnuwa, marigolds, faski, Basil, chamomile da calendula har ma suna kare rasberi daga hari ta hanyar kwari. Dill, wanda ke jan hankalin pollinating kwari, na iya haɓaka yawan kayan rasberi. A iyakar rasberi, lambu da gogaggen lambu yakan shuka zobo, saboda yana da ikon iyakance yaduwar harbe-harbe a yankin.

Yawancin lambu sunyi imani cewa tafarnuwa na kare raspberries daga hare-haren kwaro.

Mutane da yawa suna damuwa game da "shurawar" raspberries ... A bara, a farkon bazara, a kan shawarar abokan da suka fito daga Czech Republic, zobo ya sanya layuka biyu na zobo tare da kewaye na rasberi - wannan shekara biyu kawai "ya tsere" a kan iyakar)), amma babu inda za a sanya zobo.

Ella7 //forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=6905&page=6

Bai kamata a sanya raspberries a cikin yankunan da wakilan nau'in Nesahade suka mallaka a baya ba. Tsakanin dasa waɗannan albarkatun gona dole ne ya wuce shekaru 2. Mafi kyawun kayan kwalliya don raspberries sune legumes da hatsi..

Zai fi kyau dasa bishiyoyi a wuraren buɗe inda zai yuwu a kusanto da shi daga dukkan bangarorin. Wannan ya dace lokacin kula da ita, da kuma lokacin da aka ɗora berries.

Svetlana K //club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=1218

Cikakkun bayanai na dasa shuki

Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu na dasa bishiyoyi: daji da mahara.

Hanyar daji ta ƙunshi dasa kowace shuka a cikin rami daban a nesa tsakanin m 1-1.5 daga juna. Yana da kyau don girma tsayi iri tare da ƙaƙƙarfan iko, kambi mai faɗi. Domin dasa bishiyoyi a cikin hanyar daji, ya wajaba don yin waɗannan ayyuka:

1. Tona rami 50 × 50 cm a girma kuma cika shi tare da cakuda ƙasa mai salo, guga ta humus, 35-40 g of superphosphate da 20-25 g na potassium gishiri.
   

   Don dasa shuki raspberries, ramuka 50 × 50 cm a girma sun isa

2. Sanya seedling a tsakiyar ramin. Yi hankali shimfida tushen sa kuma ya rufe su da ƙasa, kallon ko da rarraba shi. Matsayin ci gaban ya kamata ya kasance saman saman duniya.
   

   Rasberi rasberi ba za a binne shi
3. A hankali haɗa ƙasa a kusa da daji.
   

   A lokacin cinikin ƙasa, mutum ba zai iya matse ƙarfi a kan tushen ƙwayar rasberi ba

4. F raspr raspberries da yawa kuma ciyawa da akwati da'irar tare da humus, sawdust ko wasu kwayoyin halitta.
   

   Ciyawa zai hana bushewa kasar gona kusa da tsire-tsire irin rasberi

Hanyar maɓuɓɓuga ta dasa shuki raspberries ana ɗaukar ƙarin lokaci-lokaci. Koyaya, yana baka damar adana sarari a shafin kuma samun karin berries saboda yawan rarraba abubuwan gina jiki tsakanin bushes. Bugu da kari, raspberries da aka dasa ta wannan hanyar ana iya ɗaure su cikin sauƙi zuwa trellis.

A mafi yawan lokuta ana amfani da hanyar maɓuɓɓugar cikin manyan gonaki suna girma raspberries akan sikelin masana'antu.

Rasberi ana shuka su ne a rami cikin matakai da yawa:

1. Tona lambar da ake buƙata na ramuka tare da zurfin kusan 50 cm kuma daidai nisa a nesa na aƙalla 1.2 m daga juna.
   

   Don yin maɓuɓɓugar ko da, yi amfani da madaidaiciyar igiyar

2. Tsarin m kwayoyin halitta (rassan bushes ko bishiyoyi, ganye, kwali, allon, da dai sauransu) tare da kauri daga 10-12 cm, wanda, a hankali bazu, zai ciyar da rasberi bushes, an dage farawa a kasan ramuka. Don haɓaka lalata, sharan gona suna yayyafa ƙasa tare da shayar da ruwa mai ɗumi.
   

   Lokacin dasa shuki raspberries, kawai ana iya amfani da sassan tsirrai masu ƙoshin lafiya azaman ƙaramar takin gargajiya
3. Filin cike yake da cakuda ƙasa mai daushin ma'adinai. Kauri daga kasan kasan ya kai 10 cm.
   

   Dole ne a ƙara takin mai ƙasa a cikin ƙasa wanda aka shirya don dasa shuki raspberries

4. Ana sanya seedlingsan itacen rasberi a cikin tsakiyar ramin tare da tazara ta 40 cm cm kuma yafa masa ƙasa, a hankali yana riƙe da tsire-tsire.
   

   Rasberi seedlings a cikin tare mahara ba za a sanya ma kusa da juna

5. Pulla ƙasa, da ruwa sosai.
   

   Za'a iya amfani da Sawdust a matsayin ciyawa a ƙarƙashin ƙwayar rasberi

Ko da kuwa hanyar dasa da aka zaɓa, yanki na rasberi ya kamata a iyakance. Don yin wannan, zanen gado na baƙin ƙarfe, lebur ko wasu abubuwa masu ɗorewa ana sanya su kewaye da kewaye. Rashin bin wannan dokar na iya haifar da fitar tsiro na raspberries da bayyanar danshi cikin wurare mafi dacewa.

Kuna iya dasa bishiram a cikin rami ko rami, amma na daɗe na ƙi shigowa cikin rami. Na zabi dasa shuki a cikin ramuka, kodayake wannan ya fi daukar lokaci-lokaci, amma duk yankin da ake dasa bishiyoyi ana bayar da su daidai da wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, wanda hakan ke shafar girbin.

Nedyalkov Stefan Fedorovich Jaridar Gidan Gida A'a 5, Maris 2007

Watering da hadi

Rasberi shine shuka fari mai jure fari, amma tare da rashin danshi, yawan amfanin gonar sa yana raguwa, kuma tare da matsanancin ƙarancin, bushes ɗin ya raunana kuma a ƙarshe zai iya mutuwa. Yara tsirrai masu ƙarancin tsari waɗanda ke cikin tsari suna matukar bukatar ruwa. A lokacin farkon shekara bayan dasa, ana shayar a kai a kai, suna kiyaye ƙasa gaba ɗaya.

A cikin shekarar farko bayan dasa, ya zama dole ruwa matasa raspberries sau da yawa

5 - 5 na ruwa a kowace shekara sun isa tsiro:

• a cikin bazara, kafin a fara furanni;
• a lokacin cika berries;
• yayin 'ya'yan itace;
• kai tsaye bayan girbi;
• kafin hunturu.

Watering raspberries ya zama rare amma yalwatacce: ya zama dole don rigar kasar gona zuwa zurfin 20-40 cm. Yawancin lokaci wannan yana buƙatar buhun 3-4 a kowace murabba'in 1. m landings.

Babban girbi na raspberries ba shi yiwuwa ba tare da hadi ba. An samar da shi bisa ga makirci mai zuwa:

• a farkon lokacin bazara (kafin farkon shayarwa), urea ya warwatse a cikin da'irori mai kara (adadin yakai 20-30 g a kowace sq m);
• a farkon lokacin bazara, ana haduwa da bushes tare da bayani na monophosphate na potassium a cikin girman 10-20 g a kowace murabba'in mita. m;
  

  Phosphorus da potassium suna da mahimmanci don raspberries don ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa

• daga farkon aikin Berry, ana shayar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace tare da takin gargajiya a kowane mako 2-3. Don shirye-shiryenta:
  • a tsakanin kwanaki 7-10, nace kan ciyawar da aka yi kwanannan a cikin ruwa mai ɗumi (1: 2 rabo), mullein (2:10) ko tsinkayen tsuntsu (1:10);
  • sakamakon ruwa yana tacewa, an narkar da shi sau 10 tare da ruwa kuma ana shayar da tsire-tsire tare da wannan maganin (adadin mai amfani shine 1 lita ta 1 sq m);
• a lokacin digging kaka, an kawo superphosphate (30-40 g a sq m) a cikin ƙasa.

Don ciyar da raspberries, zaka iya amfani da takin mai magani da aka shirya don amfanin gona na Berry. Lokacin amfani da su, dole ne ka bi umarnin.

Mai jan tsami

M agronomic dabara a cikin namo of raspberries ne pruning. Ana yin sa sau biyu a shekara: a cikin bazara da kaka. Koyaya, a lokacin rani ba a ba da shawarar rushe iko ba. A duk lokacin girma, ya zama dole don cire harbe mai wuce haddi a cikin yanayin da ya dace. Ana iya yin wannan sauƙi cikin sauƙi tare da taimakon kaifi ɗin bayonet mai kaifi, wanda ke yanke tushen da ke samar da ƙarin lokacin harba.

A lokacin girkin kaka, an cire abubuwa masu zuwa:

• duk harbe-harben biennial;
  

  A cikin kaka, an cire harbewar rasberi shekaru biyu da aka cire: launin ruwan kasa, lignified

• lalacewa ta hanyar kwari da cututtukan shekara marasa lafiya;
• karye kuma ya raunana rassan;
• matasa harbe da ba su da lokaci zuwa ripen a gaban farko na hunturu.

Bugu da kari, sauran tsiran shekara-shekara suna gajarta ta hanyar cm 10 cm 10, wanda ke taimakawa dakatar da bunkasar su kuma yana hanzarta girma.

Sakamakon ya kamata ya zama bushes daban, wanda ya kunshi 5-7 lafiyayye da ƙauna na shekara-shekara. Duk wuce haddi harbe ma cikin ruthlessly cire - wannan zai hana wuce kima thickings na plantings, wanda barnatar da shafi lamba da girman berries, kazalika da yin wuya a kula da raspberries.

Autumn pruning na remont raspberries nufi don guda kaka amfanin gona ne da za'ayi amfani da fasaha daban-daban. Ya ƙunshi tumɓuke dukkan tsire-tsire tare da barin kututture bai wuce 2-3 cm ba .. Ana yin wannan aikin a ƙarshen kaka ko farkon hunturu, bayan sanyi na farko.

Bidiyo: ainihin ka'idodin kaka na girbe raspberries

Kwarin guiwar ta fara nan da nan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke. Manufarta ita ce cire harbe da ba su tsira ba lokacin hunturu. An yanke ɓoye mai tushe mai lalacewa a matakin ƙirar farko na lafiya, kuma an cire waɗanda suka mutu gaba daya. Tsayi da tsayi harbe Mafi dacewa ga fruiting ana ɗaukar tsayi 1.5-1.8 m.

Shahararren malinovod Alexander Georgievich Sobolev ya kirkiro hanyar da aka dasa ta lokacin bazara. Ana aiwatar dashi a matakai biyu:

1. An yanka dabbobin rasberi na shekara-shekara a ƙarshen May a tsawo na 1 m.
2. A cikin shekara ta biyu ta rayuwar harbi, har ila yau a ƙarshen bazara, an cire firam na duk rassan gefen, wanda ya bayyana a cikin adadi mai yawa saboda abin da aka fara yi, ana cire su.

Ta hanyar wannan samuwar, ana samun kyakkyawan ganye tare da ganyayyaki masu tarin yawa na 'ya'yan itace da kuma ƙwayoyin kwayoyi.

Double pruning raspberries ƙara da ake samu

All m harbe na raspberries ƙone. Wutar an tabbatar da cewa ta lalata kwari da kwari na fungi wadanda zasu iya kasancewa a ciki ko a wajen mai tushe.

Kwaro da Cututtuka

Raspberries, kamar sauran albarkatu na Berry, yawancin lokaci suna fama da cututtuka da kwari. Don magance su, ana sarrafa bushes ɗin bisa ga makircin masu zuwa:

• a cikin bazara, a lokacin budding, da tabon launin shuɗi, anthracnose, septoria da sauran cututtuka, feshe tare da 1% Bordeaux ruwa;
• a gaban fure da rasberi irin ƙwaro, weevils da aphids, da plantings ana fesa tare da Actellic ko wasu shirye-shirye kwari!
• bayan an girbe da kuma cire ƙwayoyin shuka waɗanda ba su da matsala, ba a cika shuka ba, bushe ko lalacewa ta hanyar galicia, ana fesa su da ruwa 1% na Bordeaux. A gaban kwari, ana tsayawa wuraren tsayawa tare da magani tare da sakamako mai kashe kwari;
• A ƙarshen kaka, bayan ganyayyaki sun faɗi, ana sake yayyafa ƙwayar rasberi tare da ruwa na Bordeaux 3%.
  

  A kan yawancin kwari na raspberries, maganin Bordeaux ruwa yana taimakawa

Kiwo

Mafi yawan lokuta raspberries ana yaduwar ciyawar. Yana ba ku damar adana nau'ikan tsire-tsire kuma, idan aka kwatanta da iri, yana ɗaukar lokaci kaɗan. Hanyar kayan lambu ta ƙunshi amfani da:

• tushen zuriya;
• nettles;
• kore kore;
• tushen yanke.

Tushen tushen

Tushen Rootan itace arean tsire-tsire ne waɗanda ke da nasu tushen tsarin, amma har yanzu sun dogara da daji na uwa. Ana amfani dasu galibi don yaduwar raspberries.A cikin manyan gonaki, ana samun zuriyar tushe daga mahaifiya masu girma musamman, waɗanda ba a ba su izinin 'ya'yan itace.

Offspringan itacen rasberi hade da uwar daji

A cikin wurare masu zaman kansu, an zaɓi zuriyar tushen akan rasberi na fruiting. Shin haka:

1. Nemi tsire-tsire masu dacewa suna farawa a lokacin bazara.
2. Samfuran ingantattun samfurori suna bikin da kuma kokarin kirkirar yanayi mafi dacewa don ci gaban su.
3. An cire zuriyar marasa ƙarfi ta yadda ba za su jawo abubuwan gina jiki a jikin kansu ba.
4. A farkon kaka, an dasa ƙananan tsire-tsire a hankali kuma an dasa su a cikin sabon wuri ta amfani da fasaha na yau da kullun.
   

   Tushen bishiyoyi suna haƙa a farkon kaka kuma an dasa su a wani sabon wuri.

Nettles

Nettle shine karamin harbe na bishiyoyi, an kafa shi daga farkon kayan haɗin tushen asalin. Ta bayyana a nesa nesa daga 2-3 m daga daji uwar ba tare da wani aiki daga mai lambu. Yawancin lokaci suna lalata ta, amma idan ya zama dole don samo sabbin tsirrai, yakan zama kyakkyawan kayan dasawa.

Lokacin yin yaduwar raspberries tare da nettle, dole ne a kiyaye ƙa'idodi da yawa:

• ana ɗaukar harbe-harbe matasa ne kawai daga kyawawan bushes, suna kawo yawan girbi na berries mai daɗi;
• duk an yanke furanni daga tsire-tsire da aka zaɓa don dasa kayan, ba da barin saitin berries;
• mahaifiyar daji takan hadu da takin da ke ƙunshe da nitrogen (alal misali, urea), ana shayar da ita a kai a kai kuma cikin takaddun gangar jikinta tare da kwayoyin halitta.

Idan an yi komai daidai, to tuni a ƙarshen Yuni babban adadin tushen harbe zai bayyana a kusa da daji. Ayyukan masu zuwa kamar haka:

1. Bayan girman katuwar ya kai 6-12 cm, an haƙa shi a hankali, yana ƙoƙarin kula da dunƙule keɓaɓɓun tushen.
2. Sa'an nan kuma transplanted zuwa gado da sako-sako da, m ƙasa.
   

   Nettle an watsa shi akan gado bayan ya girma zuwa 6-12 cm

Da farko faduwa, harba zata juye zuwa wani karamin saurayi tare da tsarin saiti, wanda za'a iya dasa shuki a gaba.

Bidiyo: yadda ake yada raspberries tare da nettles

Ganyen kore

Raspberries, kamar sauran tsire-tsire na Berry, suna da sauƙin yada tare da kore (bazara) cuttings. Don karɓar su:

1. Yanke firam na 5-6 cm tsayi kuma cire duk ganye daga garesu, ban da manyan biyun.
2. A kasan abin rike, an yi ratsi da yawa tare da wuka mai kaifi don hanzarta samuwar tushe.
   

   Itacen kore rasberi na kore daga saman harbe

3. Ana shirya cuttingsn da aka shirya a cikin gidan kore tare da ƙasa sako-sako da kuma shayar. Dole ne a hado tsire-tsire masu zuwa nan gaba kuma a wadata su da danshi.
   

   An dasa shuki na rasberi na fure a cikin gidan shinkafa, yana samar musu da sha da kullun
4. Tare da sakamako mai dacewa, bayan kusan wata daya, an kafa tushen adadin da yawa a cikin cuttings.
5. Bayan haka, ana buɗe gidan kore.
6. Matasa raspberries suna dasa shi zuwa wuri na dindindin a farkon Oktoba.

Tushen tushen

Yaduwa daga tushen itace mafi yawa ana amfani da namo na rasberi iri, ba karamin adadin harbe. Amfani da shi ma bu mai kyau a yanayin saukan lalacewar lalacewar kasa da cututtuka ko kwari.

Tushen Tushen ana girbe a farkon kaka. Don yin wannan, aiwatar da waɗannan ayyukan:

1. 15-20 cm daga tsire-tsire mai ƙarfi, tono rami kuma cire daga tushen sa tare da diamita na akalla 5 mm, yana da kyau idan yana da kusan 2 cm.
2. An yanke su tare da tsaftataccen mai tsaro mai tsabta cikin guda 15-20 cm tsayi, wanda aka dasa a cikin shiryayye, gadaje mai shinge a nesa na 5-10 cm daga juna. Zurfin saukowa ƙasa 'yan santimita ne.
   

   Raspberries ana iya yada shi ta hanyar tushen tushe

3. An rufe saman gado da kayan da ba'a saka ba ko fim don kula da matsakaicin matakin zafi.
4. Ana cire tsari kawai bayan fitowan.

Splings da aka samo daga tushen itace zai kasance a shirye don dasawa zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa a cikin shekara, faɗuwa ta gaba.

Girma raspberries daga tsaba

Girma rasberi daga tsaba abu ne mai matukar tsayi da kuma aiki, bugu da kari, baya bada garantin kiyaye ire-iren halaye na mahaifiyar shuka. Wannan hanyar yaduwa ta yadu ne kawai tsakanin masu shayarwa, sakamakon sabbin iri da kuma nau'ikan nau'ikan bishiyoyi.

Girma raspberries daga tsaba ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa:

1. Na farko girbi tsaba:
   1. Arean itacen da ke yayyafa an murƙushe an cika su da ruwa mai tsabta.
   2. Ruwan yana drained, kuma tsaba da suka rage a kasan an wanke su da kyau sosai tare da sieve mai kyau.
   3. Idan ya cancanta, ajiya na dogon lokaci, suna bushe sosai.
      

      Ana iya shirya tsaba Rasberi da kanka ko a sayi cikin shagon musamman
2. Sa'an nan kuma za'ayi ɗaukar nauyi. Don yin wannan, a farkon lokacin hunturu, ana sanya tsaba masu laushi a cikin jaka na gauze kuma an binne su a cikin akwati tare da ɗanyen alade, wanda aka adana a cikin firiji ko cellar na tsawon watanni 3.
   

   A saman shiryayye daga cikin firiji ne manufa domin stratification na rasberi tsaba

3. A farkon Maris, shuka ne da za'ayi:
   1. Ana sanya tsaba a kan mai daɗaɗa-ƙasa, ƙasa mai haske.
   2. Yayyafa su da wani yanki na yashi bai wuce 5 mm ba.
   3. Akwatin tare da amfanin gona an rufe shi da gilashi kuma an bar shi a wuri mai cike da wuta.
   4. Lokaci-lokaci, ƙasa tana daɗaɗɗinsa da bindiga mai feshi. A zazzabi na +20 ° C, seedlings ke fitowa bayan weeksan makonni.
      

      A zazzabi na +20 ° C, rasberi rasberi yana bayyana a cikin fewan makonni

4. A mataki na 3-4 ainihin ganye, seedlings fara taurara a cikin sabo iska. Da farko, lokacin da 'yan seedlings ke kan titi bai wuce mintina 6 ba, to, a hankali ana ƙara shi zuwa sa'o'i da yawa.
5. Bayan kananan tsire-tsire masu tsayi na 10 cm, an daɗaɗa su a cikin kwantena daban.
   

   Rasberi seedlings 10 cm high nutse a cikin kwantena daban

A cikin ƙasa buɗe, ana shuka raspberries kawai shekara guda bayan fitowar.

Rasberi tsaba kawai ba su yi girma ba, wanda ya sa suka shuka, suna buƙatar scarification (raunana ƙwayar zuriya, alal misali, mintina 15 a cikin ƙwayar sulfuric acid), to, saurin sanyi na watanni biyu, sannan lokacin dasa shuki za'a sami harbe-harbe masu aminci. Idan ka shuka kawai, watakila wani abu zai iya zuwa, kuma a shekara ta 2 da 3 ma.

vlad12//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=59937

Hanyoyi daban-daban na kayan aikin rasberi

Lambu ba za su iya ƙi fudge da dabara ba - don ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi kyau duka na raspberries, suna yin hanyoyi daban-daban na noma shi.

A trellis

Yawancin lokaci ana yin girma raspberries akan trellis. Ta wannan hanyar, ana kiyaye bushes a cikin matsayi madaidaiciya, saboda abin da ake samun ingantaccen haske da kuma samun iska a cikin plantings, yawan haɓaka ya karu kuma ana rage haɗarin cututtuka. Bugu da kari, a cikin irin wannan rasberi, da berries ba sa taɓa ƙasa, wanda ke nufin cewa ba su da datti kuma ba su rot daga lamba tare da ƙasa mai sanyi da danshi.

Lokacin amfani da rasberi, ana amfani da trellises biyu:

• layi ɗaya - ya ƙunshi goyon baya na tsaye da dama tare da waya mai ƙarfi ko igiya mai ƙarfi, wanda aka ɗaure igiyoyin rasberi;
  

  Single rariya rasberi trellis - Waɗannan su ne da yawa a tsaye goyon baya tare da miƙa waya

• hanyoyi biyu - ana nuna shi ta kasancewar kasancewar lambobi biyu masu haɗa kai da za a iya daidaita su a matakai ɗaya ko da dama. Wannan nau'in ƙirar yana ba da damar dasa rasberi rasberi a cikin daban-daban kwatance kuma don rage ɓoyayyar daji rasberi.

Don trellis-layi ɗaya, za a iya amfani da katako ko katako na ƙarfe na ƙaramin diamita azaman tallafi. Tare da hanya biyu, yanayin yafi rikitarwa. Kamar yadda yake tallafa masa, ana amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan 3:

• T-dimbin yawa - ya ƙunshi tushe na tsaye da sanduna na kwance ko ɗaya ko biyu, tare da gefuna wanda waya ke daidaitawa;
  

  T-dimbin yawa trellis yana da sauƙin yin kanka

• V-dimbin yawa - ana shigar da tallafi a wani kusurwa na 60 ° ga juna;
  

  Babban hasara na tre-VR-dimbin yawa shine canji a kusurwar sha'awar lokaci

• Y-dimbin yawa - lada bearingan ruwan ciki da aka ɗora akan hinges, wanda zai baka damar canza yanayin karkatar da hankalin mutum.
  

  Trellis Y-dimbin yawa yana ninka tare da bushes don hunturu, kuma a hankali yakan tashi a cikin bazara kamar yadda ake buƙata

Bidiyo: yin raspberries trellis

Raspberries suna buƙatar girma a kan trellis kawai, wannan ya tabbatar da ƙwarewar miliyoyin. Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin layuka koda, lokacin shigar da dogayen sanda da waya, raspberries sun sami damar samar da karin berries sau 6-8 a kowace shekara kuma a lokaci guda kuna samun ingantaccen berries. Dukkanin ayyukanka sun rasa ma'anarsu idan masana'antar kore (Rasberi shuka) bata iya nuna fa'idarsa ta zahiri ba kuma tana jawo wanzuwar ta kamar raspberries daji.

gimlet //forum.na-svyazi.ru/?showtopic=1860151

Raba fasaha

Tare da keɓaɓɓiyar fasahar namo rasberi, na shekara-shekara da biennial bushes na wannan amfanin gona suna girma a cikin yankunan da ba kusa da juna. A ɗayansu, an cire ƙarshen tushe a hankali, yana barin kawai fruiting mai tushe. Bayan tarin berries, duk raspberries suna mowed kuma don hunturu mãkirci ya bar cikakken tsabta. A sashi na biyu, matasa suna yin girma. Bayan shekara guda, komai ya canza. A cikin sashi na farko, harbe-fito na shekara-shekara suna fitowa, kuma a cikin na biyu - harbe na bara sun fara bada 'ya'ya.

Wannan hanyar girma raspberries tana guje wa tsawan ciyawar da ya wuce kima. Bugu da kari, ana iya kula da harbe-kere na lafiya tare da kwayoyi waɗanda ke hana bayyanar cututtuka da kwari, ba tare da tsoron guban tumatir ba. Amma fasaha daban tana da nasa hasara. Babban shine rikicewar cire harbe a cikin yankuna tare da harbe shekara biyu.

Bidiyo: fasahar raspaukar rasberi

Hanyar Shaft

Hanyar shale don shuka bishiyoyi ta girma ta A. G. Sobolev. Distinguaƙƙarfan fasalinsa shine canji a tsaye a tsaye na fitar da fruan itace zuwa sashin-kwance. An sanya su a cikin da'irar a tsawo na 30-40 cm daga ƙasa. Haɗuwa ta wannan hanyar namo tare da guguwa biyu na bazara ya yarda Sobolev ya tattara har zuwa 4 kilogiram na berries daga ɗayan rasberi. Wannan lokaci na fruiting ya karu har zuwa kwana 90.

Bugu da ƙari, hanyar shale ta ba da damar dasa rasberi shekara ɗaya da shekara biyu a cikin yanki ɗaya, da guje wa hana juna. Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa duk fruiting mai tushe na raspberries suna zaune a sararin samaniya, a cikin da'irar, tsakiyar daji wanda matasa harbe ke girma, ya kasance kyauta. A ƙarshen bazara, ana cire tumbin shekaru biyu, kuma ɗayan shekara daya ya maye gurbinsu. Sabili da haka a cikin talla infinitum.

Kyakkyawan fasalin hanyar Stlan shine canji a tsaye a tsaye na fitar da 'ya'yan itace zuwa zangon-kwance

Siffofin fasahar aikin gona a yankuna daban-daban

Agrotechnics raspberries a yankuna daban-daban na iya samun halayen su. Hakan yana tasiri musamman yanayin yanayi.

A cikin yankin Moscow da yankin tsakiyar Rasha

A cikin unguwannin bayan gari da tsakiyar Rasha, yawancin nau'ikan rasberi suna da girma da girma kuma suna bada fruita butan, amma wasun su ba su jure wa masu tsananin sanyi na wannan yankin ba. Don guje wa daskarewa da harbe, an lanƙwashe ƙasa. Shuke-shuke da aka shirya ta wannan hanya da sauri kansu a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, wanda ke kare su gaba ɗaya daga sanyi.

Domin kauce wa daskarewa da harbe, a tsakiyar yankin na Rasha raspberries ana lankwasa zuwa ƙasa a cikin kaka

A Siberiya

A Siberiya, yanayin hunturu har ƙasa baya da layin tsakiyar, don haka kawai datse harbe bai isa ba. Zaka iya ajiyesu kawai ta hanyar rufe su da kayan rufewa da jefa su tare da rassan tsiro. Tabbas, akwai nau'in musamman hunturu-Hardy waɗanda ke da sauƙin jure yanayin sanyi na Siberian ba tare da tsari ba, amma mafi yawansu ba sa bambanta cikin kyakkyawan dandano da yawan amfanin ƙasa.

A cikin yanayin Siberiya tare da tsananin sanyi, yana da kyau a rufe raspberries tare da wani tsiro na hunturu

A cikin Kuban da cikin Ukraine

A cikin Kuban da Ukraine, halin da ake ciki abu ne mai ma'ana akasin haka. A nan, raspberries galibi suna fama da zafi lokacin bazara da fari. A irin waɗannan yanayi, ban ruwa na ruwa yana da kyau sosai. A cewar kwararrun 'yan lambu, yana da ikon kara yawan amfanin gona da kashi 15-25%. Don rage yawan amfani da ruwa, dasa shuki a cikin waɗannan yankuna dole ne a mulched.

A cikin yankuna masu bushewa da yanayin zafi, dole ne a dasa bishiyoyin dasa bishiyoyi don adana danshi.

A cikin Belarus

Yanayin yanayi mai laushi na Belarus ya dace sosai don haɓakar rasberi. Amma wuce haddi yanayin halayyar wannan yanki na iya haifar da ci gaban cututtukan fungal. Don rage yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta, ya zama dole:

• ba da damar raspberries da za a kauri;
  

  Don hana cututtuka, yana da mahimmanci don hana ɓoyayyen daji rasberi

• a kai a kai gudanar da rigakafin hana dasa plantings;
• dace cire mara lafiya da lalace harbe.

Rasberi ba al'adun gargajiya bane mai ban sha'awa, namo wanda yake mai sauki ne koda mai kula da farawa zai iya jurewa. Amma idan kun ba ta morean hankali, raspberries lalle za a gode muku da yawan girbi na dadi da lafiya berries.