Furen Gloxinia shine tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire masu zafi tare da fure mai dumbin yawa a cikin fararen fari, shunayya ko ruwan hoda. The mai tushe ne takaice, rarrabuwar cikin laima inflorescences kan mutum pedicels. Dankin yana kama da haske da ban mamaki, zai kasance kyakkyawan kayan ado don ƙirar ciki da shimfidar wuri mai faɗi.
Gloxinia (gloxinia) itace mai tsiro mai tsiro mai tsiro tare da tarko ko gajere mai saurin harbe har zuwa 25 cm a tsayi, 20 cm tsayi. Ganyen suna da girma, masu girma da launin shuɗi a launi, terry zuwa taɓawa, siffar su ta yau da kullun ce. Furanni suna da yawa (8-12 cm a diamita), domed, karammiski. A gefen geranyen an manne, ƙasa.
Yadda ake kulawa da gloxinia a gida
Ilasa da zaɓi na tukunya
Al'adar tana nema a ƙasa. Haɗin Peat wanda ya dace da gloxinia sune: Violet, Begonia, Senpolia. Furanni daga tsaba suna yawanci girma a cikin allunan peat. Don shirye-shiryen kai na ƙasa, humus ganye (2 sassan) gauraye da makiyaya chernozem (2 sassan), wani sashi na peat da yashi mai launin toka ya dace. Yawan acidity na cakuda kewayon 6-7 pH.
Palette mai wadatar kayan launuka na gloxinia
Mahimmanci! Kafin kula da gloxinia, dole ne a dasa ƙasa don dasawa, yana lalata ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke haifar da cutar da shuka. Disinfection na kasar gona ne da za'ayi ta daskarewa, calcining, steaming a cikin ruwa wanka, aiki tare da potassium permanganate. Hanyar tana ɗaukar 2 hours.
Magani mai inganci shine shiri na ƙasa tare da hydrogel - ƙaramar granu a cikin busasshiyar tattara, yin aiki akan ka'idon soso. Abubuwa kamar jelly-kamar pre-soaked, to, gauraye da ƙasa a cikin wani rabo na 1 zuwa 2. A cakuda an hadu da humus ko rotted taki - 50 g da 1 lita na substrate.
Zaɓin tukunyar tukunya yana da girman ƙididdigar filayen: kofuna waɗanda filastik suka dace da ƙananan matakai, Tushen matsakaici zai dace da jita-jita tare da diamita na 7-10 cm, ana shuka manya a cikin filayen fure tare da diamita na 10-15 cm. Kwantena ya kamata yalwatacce da zurfi. Zaɓin Clay da filastik ya dace.
Dokoki don zaɓar furen fure don gloxinia
Watering da taki
Kafin shayar da abinci mai narkewa na gida, yana da mahimmanci don tara tare da narkewa, zauna, ko ruwa mai tacewa. Zai fi kyau danshi ƙasa daga ɗamarar ruwa ko a hankali tare da gefen tukunya, ban da saukad da fadowa akan ganyayyaki kuma a tsakiyar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. Ruwa don ban ruwa yakamata ya zama mai dumi, digiri 2-3 sama da yawan zafin jiki. Bayan mintuna 20 zuwa 30 bayan daskarar da ƙasa, ya wajaba a cire magudanar ruwan da ya rage daga ɗakin. Betweenasa tsakanin masu ban ruwa ya kamata ya bushe. A cikin ruwan sama, yanayin hadari da sanyi, yana da kyawawa don rage kwararar danshi zuwa tushen sa. Kwararan fitila na Gloxinia sau da yawa yakan zama a saman.
Mahimmanci! Feshi gloxinia ba da shawarar, wuce haddi danshi a kan ganye zai tsokani bayyanar launin bushe aibobi.
Mafi kyawun yanayin iska don fure shine 70 ... 80%; lokacin da aka isa ƙarshen ƙasa 50%, ana ganin ci gaban rauni na fure cikin gida da lalata ganyayyaki. Ana son haɓaka ɗan iska, ana sanya fure a kan kwalliya tare da yumɓu da aka faɗaɗa, gansakuka, ruwa.
Zazzabi da Haske
Furen furanni na Gloxinia suna da hoto, amma suna tsoron aiwatar da haskoki na rana, musamman a cikin lokacin fure, kararraki masu saurin motsawa da sauri, lokacin furanni ya gajarta. A cikin bazara rana ba ta dumi sosai, an fi sanya gloxinia a kan taga ta kudu, a watan Yuni - sake shirya shi a taga ko gabas ko kuma an girgiza shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
Don girma fure mai tsayi da hasken rana a gida zai yi aiki tare da hasken wutar lantarki na 12-12 a 5000 lx. Rashin haske yana barazanar shimfiɗa shuka, yana rage adadin buds. Bayan tushen tuber da bayyanar ganye, fitilar ya kamata ta zama mai haske kamar yadda zai yiwu, matsanancin launi na fure zai zama mafi girma, tare da isasshen hasken da launi yake a bayyane yake.
Da sanyin zazzabi a mataki na tsirowar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta daga + 25 digiri. A lokacin girma, kewayon zazzabi shine + 18-22. Yanayin mai sanyaya zai rage haɓaka da haɓaka al'adun.
Dokokin juyawa da shawarwari
An yada kwayar cutar Gloxinia a cikin lamura da yawa:
- bayan doguwar dormancy, karamin tsiro ya tsiro, amma ganyayyaki baya girma;
- lokacin da sayen tubers a cikin karamin tanki ko ba a dasa shi a cikin ƙasa ba;
- a cikin lokuta na lalacewa ta hanyar cututtukan fungal da kwari.
Idan shuka yana buƙatar taimakon gaggawa, ana aiwatar da dasawa a kowane lokaci na shekara. An sauya al'adun lafiya zuwa sabon wuri bayan lokacin sake dawowar, a watan Fabrairu-Maris.
Girma gloxinia akan windowsill
Matsaloli gama gari da mafitarsu
An bar ganye.
Don tsire-tsire na gloxinia, kulawar gida yana haifar da rashin zane, canje-canje kwatsam a zazzabi, bushewar iska da rashin haske. Idan mafita ga gajerun hanyoyin da ke sama basu gyara halin da ake ciki ba, zaɓi ɗaya ne kawai - kwari ko gurɓataccen kwari. Magungunan kwari masu ƙarfi zasu zo don ceto: Antiklesch da Tiovir. Dangane da umarnin, ana kula da al'adar sau uku / rana.
Akwai tabewar launin ruwan kasa akan ganye
Cutar cututtuka ta dindindin na gloxinia ana yada shi ta hanyar gurɓataccen ƙasa, ruwa, kayan lambu. Sau da yawa, ƙwayar cuta ke lalata ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a matakin siyarwa. Alamar halayyar cutar ita ce launin ruwan kasa, akan mai tushe da harbe - ratsi mai duhu. Bar tare da yalwar danshi rot, tare da bushe iska - sun fara bushe fitar da curl sama.
Fitosporin zai taimaka don shawo kan cutar, amma asalin abubuwan da ke haifar da yanayin zafin na marigayi na iya zama mai yiwuwa har zuwa shekaru 8. Yana da mahimmanci a yi la’akari da ƙwayar cutar fungal ta hanyar fesa al’adun tare da fungicides duk sati.
Ganyayyaki sun bushe
Matsalar da aka fi samu yayin girma gloxinia shine bushewar ganyayyaki sabili da rashin ruwa. A shuka reacts da karfi don wuce haddi danshi, Tushen rot, ƙasa sashi ya bushe.
Idan fure ya fito a kwanan nan a cikin gidan, ganye mai bushe alamun alama ne na samun yabo bayan sauyawar kwanan nan. Wanda ya shuka yakamata ya kirkiro yanayi mafi dacewa, tabbatar da kyakkyawan ruwa da kuma sanya miya.
Mai gizo-gizo gizo-gizo abu ne azaman parasitic dalilin da yasa gloxinia bar curl kuma bushe. Ana cire wuraren da aka shafa na fure, an kula da tsiran tare da sabulu da shirye-shirye na musamman, ana maimaita hanyoyin bisa ga umarnin. A yayin lura da gloxinia daga cututtukan fungal, ana rage ruwa da babban miya. Yana da kyawawa don dasa shuka.
Gloxinia Bar
Shuka ke buɗewa
Harbe na Gloxinia na shimfida karfi bayan hunturu cikin yanayin sanyi da isasshen hasken. Ta amfani da haske da rage zafin jiki, ya kamata a fesa iska lokaci-lokaci, gudanar da tsabtace rigar. Sau da yawa, rikice-rikice a cikin ci gaban shuka a cikin hunturu ana haifar da yawaitar takin nitrogen. Masana sun ba da shawarar cire abinci na ɗan lokaci.
Wasu nau'ikan gloxinia suna da haɗari ga elongation na harbe. Yana da kyawawa don yanke harbe elongated. Tubers zai ba da sabon harbe. Sassan sassan furanni masu zuwa tushe, suma suna da lokaci suyi fure. A hutawa, harbe da suka yi nasarar shimfiɗa, su faɗi kuma su yi tushe, ciyar a kan babban tuber da sababbin hanyoyin cikin ƙasa. Wani rauni mai rauni wanda bazai taɓa fure fure ba akan ƙwayar cuta. Buhun zai raunana kuma ya mutu a cikin hunturu.
Cutar da kwari
Babban cututtukan cututtuka na gloxinia ana haifar da su ta hanyar cututtukan fungal:
- Ruwan bacci ya bayyana tare da ƙara danshi da zazzabi na digo 9-20. Itatuwan da abin ya shafa ya bushe, ya rufe da bakin launin ruwan kasa, farin farin ya bayyana a ciki da ganye. Itace na buƙatar dasawa cikin gaggawa da magani tare da Kuprozan, Tseneb (40 g a guga na ruwa).
- Powdery mildew an kafa shi a kan tushen danshi mai zafi da canje-canje. Siffar halayyar a cikin bayanin cutar itace farar fata arachnoid. Kwayar cutar tana daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar ƙasa ko kayan aiki. Don magani da rigakafin, masana sun ba da shawarar ciyar da al'adar tare da fungicides:
- "Triadimephone";
- "Amma";
- Quadrice
- "Rake";
- "Sauri";
- Karkatar.
- Anthracnose yana tare da ƙananan aibobi launin ruwan kasa. Cutar ta bazu da sauri, yana da sauƙin hana naman gwari tare da sinadarin farin ƙarfe, cuproxate, oxychoma.
- Ascochitosis cuta ce da aka bayyana ta hanyar jan launi akan zanen gado tare da iyakar launin ruwan kasa. Bayyanar cututtuka na faruwa ne a cikin yanayi mai yawan zafi. Don rigakafi da magani, ana amfani da vitriol, Vectra, Adiga-peak. Al'adar da ascochitosis ta shafa ana bada shawarar a dasa shi.
- Septoria shine sakamakon karancin haske da tuntuni da ruwa. M m siffofin a kan zanen gado, da shuka fara bushe da sauri. Hanyoyin fungicides: Maneb, Benomil, zasu hana mummunan tasirin naman gwari.
Phylostictosis akan gloxinia
- Phyllosticosis yana da sauƙi a gane shi ta wurin zagaye, duhu a gefuna, launin ruwan kasa a tsakiya. A matakin haɓaka, haɓaka ana ƙara hakora. Lokacin da aka samo alamun farko, shuka ya bushe kuma aka fesa shi da maganin Bordeaux, "Oxychloride", da kuma sulfate na tagulla.
- Fusarium Cutar ba makawa tare da ban ruwa mara kyau da ƙazantar ƙasa. A ganye fara Fade da curl, juya launin ruwan kasa. Fasaha da raunanan duhu ana iya gani akan harbe. Aikin lambu shi ne maye gurbin kasar gona, kurkura Tushen tare da bayani na potassium permanganate (da 1 lita na ruwa 5 g na potassium permanganate), dasa shuki da shuka a cikin wani haske da gina jiki substrate.
Yadda za a magance wasu cututtukan
Kafin kula da gloxinia a gida, ya kamata ku ba da al'adun tare da rigakafin kamuwa da cututtukan fata da na kwayoyin cuta. Kwayoyin cuta da kwari ko fungal spores ya gabatar dasu. Ganyen furanni da furanni sun rufe filaye, rariyoyi da dashes. Ko da wane kwayar ƙwayar cuta ta kamu da gloxinia, ba za a iya magance cutar ba. Dole ne a ƙone tsire.
Kwayar cuta da aka shigo da ita ba tare da kayan mara tsafta ba, tukunya ko ƙasa ta mamaye ƙwanda, ganye, ganye, mai tushe. Yin rigakafin lalacewa ne ta hanyar Zircon da Epin.
Mafi kyawun yanayi don kiwon waddan gizo-gizo shine rashi mai laushi. Ya ci ruwan 'ya'yan itacen furanni, yana barin daskararrun haske akan ganye. An kare sashin ƙasa daga mitar gizo-gizo "Fitoverm", "Intovir", ƙasa - "Aldikabrom", "Temikom".
Whitefly - farin kwari, kwari sau da yawa a kan ruwan 'ya'yan itace na ganye da mai tushe, barin samfuran sharar gida waɗanda ke cutar da hotosynthesis. Ganyen sun fara lalacewa, ba a ɗaure allunan ba. Hanyar tasiri na lalata fararen fata a gida sune Vertimek KE, Actellik KE, Admiral, Kinmiks, Oberon.
Kulawar da ta dace da kuma rigakafin cututtukan tsire-tsire za su guji yiwuwar keta take hakki.
Farar fata a kan Ganyen Gloxinia
Yadda ake kulawa a lokacin fure
Fulawa gloxinia yana farawa daga farkon bazara kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen bazara, tare da kulawa da ta dace, shuka yana da ƙanshi a cikin Oktoba. Lokaci mai dacewa da madaidaicin ƙasa na ba da damar furanni ashirin ko sama da haka. Haske mai haske shine mahimmin mahimmanci wanda ke shafar wadatar da inuwa ta fure.
Haske. Ganyayyaki na Gloxinia sun bushe, ganye ya mutu, me zai biyo baya? 'Ya'yan isu kawai suka rayu. Ana tsabtace tukunya daga hasken, lokaci-lokaci don shawo kan mahimman ayyukan tarin ƙwayar. Bayyanuwar sabon buds ya ba da rahoton cewa mutum ya farka, ya sami ƙarfi kuma yana shirye don sabon lokacin furanni.
Hanyoyi don girma gloxinia a gida
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na yaduwa: tsaba, rarrabuwar tuber da ganyayyaki masu ganye.
Gidaje da kyar suka shuka iri. Hanyar haifuwa ta cika da matsaloli. A farkon kaka, an shirya cakuda ƙasa bisa tushen peat, ƙasa mai yashi da yashi (1: 1: 1). Duniya ta warwatse akan ƙananan akwatina. A watan Nuwamba, ana shuka ciyawar a kai a kai tare da ruwa mai ɗumi. Abubuwan fashewa suna bayyana bayan makonni 2-3, lokacin da ganye 2 suka bayyana, an raye su, an dasa su a tsakayen tsayi daga cm 2 Ana ɗaukar ɗaukar ta biyu tare da ƙirƙirar ganye na uku - 5 cm .. Nisan da ke tsakanin seedlingsan girma ya kara girma zuwa 10 cm.
Don yaduwar al'ada tare da yanke, ganye masu dacewa tare da stalk na 1 cm ana bada shawarar a kai tsaye zuwa cikin cakuda ƙasa wanda yashi da peat (1: 0.5). Harbin zai buƙaci a jika shi kuma a rufe shi da gilashi, yana samar da iska ta kowace rana, a cire kwalbar na tsawon mintina 15. Bayan makonni 2.5-3, ana samar da tubers a yanke wanda aka sanya a cikin ƙasa. Ana dasa harbe a cikin ƙananan tukwane, suna jin daɗin 'yan watanni bayan dasa shuki mai fure.
Ana ɗaukar yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta shine hanya mafi haɗari. Hadarin yana samu ta kasancewar lalacewa a cikin tushen, gogaggun masu girbi na fure a cire wuraren da abin ya shafa kafin dasa shuki. Bayan bayyanar harbe-santimita 2-cm, ana raba takaddun ta hanyar kaifi mai kaifi, sassan aiki tare da carbon mai aiki. An dasa guda dabam a cikin tukwane da suka dace, ana shayar da kwanaki 3 bayan dasa.
Farfagandar ta yanke
Tare da kulawa da ta dace, gloxinia yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 10, faranta ido tare da fure mai launi. Tare da shekaru, tsire-tsire mai zafi yana da ƙarin furanni. Wasu lokuta adadin karrarawa yakai guda 50.
