Asiri na dasa shuki a cikin kaka: amfanin alfanun, zaɓin wuri, kulawa

'Ya'yan itace, babu shakka, ana sonta ne a duniya. Wannan ciyawar mai kyau da ƙoshin lafiya da farko ta bayyana akan gadajenmu azaman mai lalata da bazara. Amma da yawa matsala tare da strawberries: tana da rai sosai kuma tana buƙatar barin. Zai ɗauki kwarewa da yawa don samun nasarar noma shi kowace shekara. Namo kowane al'ada yana farawa ne daga dasa. Za'a iya guje wa matsaloli da yawa ta dasa shuki a cikin bazara.

Fa'idodin dasa shuki a cikin bazara

A bisa ga al'ada, an dasa strawberries a farkon bazara. Hasasa ta riga tayi ɗumi mai zurfi kuma ta bushe, damuna mai zafi tana gabatowa, matasa seedlingsan tsirarun matasa za su sami tushe. Amma dai itace cewa saurin kaka kuma yana da matukar alamar rai. Bugu da kari, yana da fa'idodi da yawa idan aka kwatanta da bazara:

1. 'Ya'yan itace da aka dasa a kaka zasu bada lokacin bazara. Spring dasa seedlings yawanci ba sa samar da berries a cikin wannan shekara.
2. A cikin bazara, mai lambu yana da lokaci mafi yawa fiye da lokacin bazara. Kusan dukkanin amfanin gona na kayan lambu an riga an girbe su, kuna iya yin strawberries. Bugu da kari, tuni akwai kayan shuka da yawa.
3. 'Ya'yan itacen furanni da aka dasa a cikin kaka zasu buƙaci ƙasa da garambawul.
4. Arfin zafi da damuna zasu ba matasa bushes damar yin tushe da tushe a ƙasa, har daga baya zasu iya hunturu da kyau.

Zabi mafi kyawun lokacin don ƙasa

Kuna iya ƙayyade ranar farawa da kanku, gwargwadon sauyin yanayi a yankin ku. Gabaɗaya, akwai waɗannan sharuɗɗa guda uku:

• Shuka farkon faɗuwar rana yana daga tsakiyar watan Agusta zuwa tsakiyar Satumba.
• Tsakar-tsakiyar kaka - daga tsakiyar Satumba zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba.
• Late kaka dasa ne da za'ayi wata daya kafin farkon sanyi.

Kusan dukkan nau'ikan strawberries suna ba da gashin baki daga Yuni zuwa Yuli. Rooting faruwa a latest a watan Agusta, kuma 'ya'yan itace buds samar a watan Satumba da Oktoba. Saboda haka, farkon da tsakiyar kaka plantings an dauki mafi m don samun manyan amfanin gona.

Dasa strawberries daga farkon zuwa tsakiyar kaka zai sami kyakkyawan girbi a kakar mai zuwa

Idan kuna shirin yaduwar shuka ta hanyar gashin baki, ya fi kyau ku dasa su a ranar 20 ga Agusta - 15 ga Satumba. Tare da dasawa daga baya, bushes na iya fama da sanyi, ba su da lokaci don samun ƙarfi. Ko da shafi fim ba zai ceci ba, kuma ci gaba da yin noma zai zama da wahala.

Kalandar watannin lambun zai taimaka muku zaɓi mafi kyawun ranar da za ku shuka. Kar ku manta cewa gadaje na strawberries suna buƙatar sabuntawa na yau da kullun kowane shekaru 3-4. Don haɓaka mai girma, dasawa ya kamata a hankali. Yi ƙoƙari don sabunta gado ɗaya a kowace shekara, kuma berries za su yi farin ciki da adadi da bayyanar.

Juya itace a kowace shekara 3-4 don samun girbi mai kauri

Bugu da kari, ya zama dole a canza daga lokaci zuwa lokaci wuraren da ake amfani da gadaje na strawberry. Zai fi kyau zaɓi ƙasar da suka yi girma:

• radish;
• beets;
• karas;
• tafarnuwa
• albasa;
• ganye (dill, seleri, salatin, faski).

Yankin ba da shawarar ba wanda ya gabata girma:

• dankali
• kabeji;
• kwai;
• cucumbers
• barkono.

Strawberries suna mai saukin kamuwa da cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri halayyar waɗannan albarkatu.

Dokar Shuka Autar

Don haka seedlingsan ƙananan matasa tabbas suna da tushe kuma su ba da shuki mai kyau a nan gaba, suna buƙatar a dasa su bisa ga wasu ƙa'idodi.

Mun shirya wuri don gadaje

Kodayake strawberry mai moody, ba ya gabatar da buƙatu na musamman akan ƙasa. Al'adar za ta yi girma a kan ƙasa kusan kowane nau'in, amma tare da ɓarawon dutse guda ɗaya: Berry yana ba da babban amfanin gona a kan ƙasa baƙi, loamy da ƙasa loamy Peat, sod-podzolic, yumbu da ƙasa mai yashi, akasin haka, zai rage yawan aiki. Kuma a cikin yankuna masu dausayi, al'ada ba za ta yi girma ba ko kaɗan.

Kafin dasa shuki bushes, gudanar da aikin inganta haɓakar ƙasa. Idan wurin yana da ƙasa mai nauyi na yumɓu, gabatarwar karamin adadin humus, taki da peat zasu taimaka, wanda zai inganta aeration sosai.

Ilasa ƙasa za a iya inganta ta ƙara taki lokacin tono

Kyakkyawan sakamako akan ƙasa yana da narkar da ciyawar kore. Shuka a wuraren da kuke shirin yin gadaje tare da strawberries, lupins ko mustard. Lokacin da suka yi girma, yanka da yaudara, haɗawa tare da ƙasa. Don haka zaku sami ab advantagesbuwan amfãni da yawa:

• ƙasa tana wadata ta da nitrogen, kuna buƙatar ƙasa da taki;
• sarrafa sako mai mahimmanci;
• An hana faruwar kwaro - suna tsoron mustard da lupine.

Idan baku da isasshen lokacin shuka ciyawar kore, shafa cakuda abubuwa masu zuwa ga ƙasa nan da nan kafin dasa shuki (a cikin 1 m² gadaje):

• 100 g na superphosphate;
• 60 g na potassium gishiri;
• 7 kilogiram na humus.

Bishiyoyi masu karamin karfi basu iya jure kwari ba. Strawberry nematodes, da dankalin turawa, dankalin turawa, da wireworm sun fi son su a matsayin magani. Tabbatar da duba wuri a ƙarƙashin gadaje don gaban larvae kwari a cikin ƙasa. Idan kun sami, zubar da ƙasa da ruwa da ammoniya, sannan ku cire ciyawar daga gadaje.

Hasken rana shine sharuddan kamfani na lafiya da saurin strawberries, don haka kyakkyawar haske yana da mahimmanci ga wurin. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci don samar da shuka tare da matsakaici mai gina jiki; don wannan, ƙara takin zuwa ƙasa.

Zabi da kuma shirin dasa kayan

Ba tare da kyawawan seedlings ba, nasarar ciyawar strawberry ba zai yiwu ba. A lokacin bazara, zaɓin da ya dace na isan seedlings yana da mahimmanci musamman.

Zabi bushes tare da tushen wuyansa mai kauri na akalla 6 mm. A m ɓangare na mai ingancin seedling ya kamata da 3-5 kafa ganye, kuma fibrous tushen tsarin ya kamata kunshi farinccen fara aiwatar tsawon fiye da 7 cm tsawo.

Idan kun sayi seedlings a kasuwa ko tambayar maƙwabta, gwada dasa su a wuri na dindindin nan da nan. A cikin matsanancin yanayi, jigilar seedlings zuwa cikin kwance, ƙasa mai laushi a cikin inuwa. Hakanan zaka iya kunsa Tushen tare da daskararren gero kuma sanya dan kadan a cikin wuri mai sanyi.

An bada shawara don dasa tsire-tsire da aka saya nan da nan a gonar

Idan kai kanka kun yi girma bushes daga tsaba, bar seedlings a cikin inuwa don da yawa kwana. Kafin dasa, rage tushen na mintina 10 a cikin yumɓu na yumɓu don kare su daga bushewa da haɓaka ƙimar rayuwa a cikin sabon yanki.

Dasa shuka

Domin kada ya yi kuskure lokacin dasa shuki bushes, bi waɗannan shawarwari:

1. Shuka tsire a cikin ƙasa mai daɗin ji. Zai fi kyau zaɓi maraice na ranar girgije don wannan taron. Rike seedlings a cikin inuwa yayin dasa su.
2. Gajarta tushen da ya fi tsayi cm 10. Tsawon mafi kyau shine cm 7. Kuma kuna buƙatar cire ganyen da ya bushe ko ya lalace.
   

   Kyakkyawan ƙwayar strawberry tana da tsarin tushen lafiya da ganyayyaki masu laushi mai laushi

3. Kafin dasa, a hankali a shayar da seedlings ko barin sa'a ɗaya a cikin girma na biostimulator. An bada shawara don riƙe bushes a cikin jiko na tafarnuwa, wannan zai taimaka wajen ƙara juriya na strawberries zuwa kwari.
4. Yi ramuka a cikin gado daga zurfin 15 cm da diamita na kusan cm 20. Lura nesa tsakanin 30-50 cm tsakanin su.The sarari jere jera ne game 40 cm.
   

   Lokacin dasa shuki strawberries, nisa tsakanin ramuka ya kamata ya zama 30-50 cm, kuma tsakanin layuka 40 cm
5. A cikin ƙasa cirewa daga ramuka, ƙara kofuna waɗanda 2 na tumatir rotted da guga 1 na takin, Mix da kyau. Yayyafa abin da ya haifar da motsi a cikin ramuka.
6. Sanya daji 1 a kan kowane motsi domin saitin haɓaka ya kasance a matakin saman gado. A hankali yada asalin.
   

   Lokacin dasa, ya kamata yaduwar seedling (zuciya) ya kasance a matakin ƙasa

7. Cika da strawberry daji tare da ƙasa, a hankali goyon bayan shi a cikin wani tsaye tsaye matsayi, zuba shi da ruwa zauna. Yayyafa saman rami tare da ƙasa, ko ma humus mafi kyau - wannan zai rage bushewar ƙasa.
8. Bayan dasa shuki dukkan bushes, ku kwance duniya a gonar. Don haka ruwa zai iya sauƙaƙewa ba tare da an hana shi zuwa tushen saiti ba.

Bidiyo: dasa shuki a cikin bazara

Yadda za a yadu da strawberry tare da gashin-baki

Hanyar sanannen hanyar yaduwar strawberries yana girma seedlings daga abin da ake kira gashin-baki. Ana yin sa kamar haka:

1. Lokacin da shuka ya ba da 'ya'yan itace, yi la'akari da mafi yawan amfanin gona bushes, da berries akan sa musamman manyan da kyau. Yana da kyawawa cewa waɗannan bushes su ne shekara, mafi shekara biyu.
   

   Zabi mafi girma da kuma mafi koshin lafiya bushes domin gashin baki yaduwa.
2. Zaɓi mafi girma Rosette girma daga waɗannan bushes. Dasa su a cikin ƙasa, ƙara da ƙasa mai gina jiki, kuma haɗa su. Cire gashin baki wanda yake haɗu da mafita zuwa mahaifiyar daji. Hakanan nisantar gashin baki na tsari na biyu da na uku.
3. A watan Yuli, ganye mai cike da cikakken ciki 4-6 zai iya girma a mashigar da aka dasa. Yanzu cire sauran gashin baki kuma ku dasa matasa bushes a kan dindindin site, ba tare da lalata dunƙule a kan tushen, da kuma zuba a kan ruwan zauna.

Bidiyo: sirrin kirsimeti

Juyawar dasawa

Idan lokaci yayi da za'ayi dasa shukar strawberries zuwa wani sabon wuri, to ba kwa buƙatar jira bazara. Itace tana bada izinin dasa abubuwa da kyau a cikin kaka, a Bugu da kari, zai zama maka sauki a zabi wurin da ya dace domin gonar bayan girbin wasu albarkatu.

Juyawar da kanta tana da amfani sosai ga strawberries: tana sake farfado da bushes kuma tana sauƙaƙe da shukawar cututtukan da ke halayyar al'adun cututtukan da suka tara a cikin ƙasa.

Masana sun ba da shawarar canza dabarar don strawberries daga ƙarshen watan Agusta kuma duk Satumba. A wannan lokacin, shuka ba ya yin 'ya'ya kuma ya ƙare lokacin haihuwarsa, ƙasa tana daɗaɗa da rana da danshi, iskar kuma tana da sanyi. Har lokacin sanyi na ainihi ya zo, strawberries zai yi tushe, ya yi sabon ganye kuma ya yi ƙarfi kafin lokacin hunturu.

Kada ku dasa tsofaffin bushes akan sabon rukunin yanar gizo. Don wannan, ɗauki kawai shekara-shekara, matsakaicin shekaru biyu bushes da seedlings daga gashin-baki layering. Daga tsiro mai shekaru biyu, zaku sami amfanin gona a shekara mai zuwa.

Don canzawa zuwa sabon wuri, ɗauki bushes na shekara biyu da shekara biyu

Sanya bushes a cikin furrow ko rami, cike da ruwa, daidai kamar yadda lokacin shuka. Yada Tushen a hankali, yayyafa da ƙasa kuma a ɗauka mara nauyi a kusa da daji. Ciyawa gado tare da wani yanki na humus ko peat.

Siffofin girma a cikin agrofibre

Yanzu mutane da yawa lambu da kuma lambu amfani da agrofibre lokacin girma amfanin gona. Wannan kayan ya riga ya kafa kanta a matsayin kyakkyawan mataimaki a gonar. Asingara da yawa, ana amfani da sutura kuma a cikin kayan aikin strawberry, saboda yana ba ku damar ɗaukar amfanin gona na berries a baya fiye da yadda aka saba.

Agrofibre yana da fa'idodi na fili masu yawa:

• Tsarin daskararruwar kayan yana hana ciyayi tsirowa;
• ƙananan ramuka tsakanin ƙwayoyin wuta suna hawa iska da laima daidai gwargwado;
• yawan zafin jiki na kasar gona a wani gado da aka rufe shi da digiri da yawa sama da na yankin da ke kewayen;
• Ana kare berries daga hulɗa tare da ƙasa, saboda haka suna da tsabta, ba su birgewa kuma kusan ba sa haɗarin cutar.

Saboda haka, strawberries girma a kan agrofibre na bukatar ƙarancin kulawa: kawai kuna buƙatar tabbatar da ingantaccen ruwa.

Agrofibre yana sauƙaƙe aikin kulawa da gadaje kuma yana ba da strawberries tare da haɓaka mai kyau.

Da zaran dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, rufe bishiyoyin bishiyoyi tare da agrofiber. Don haka kuna kare farkawa daga tashoshi da yawan sanyi a lokacin. Kayan zai ƙirƙiri kuma ya kiyaye a ƙarƙashinta mafi yawan zafin jiki na haɓaka da haɓakar tsiro. Da zaran yanayin ya inganta da kuma barazanar sanyi ta wuce, cire zane.

Ta hanyar girma strawberries a cikin tasoshin agrofiber, zaka iya girbi makonni 2 a baya fiye da yadda yake saba. Abin sani kawai Dole a kafa wani ɗakunan kore na talakawa akan arcs sama da gado na strawberry.

1. Sanya irin waɗannan igiyoyin waya da yawa game da 6 mm lokacin farin ciki tare da gado a nesa of 1 m daga juna.
2. A zurfafa su ta hanyar 25-30 cm a cikin ƙasa, ɗaure saman tare da madaukai waɗanda ba zasu ƙyalli firam ya faɗo ba.
3. Rufe tare da agrofibre kuma tono gwanin a gefe ɗaya na greenhouse tare da duniya don gyara shi. Sauran gefen kuma za'a iya matse shi da yawa tare da duwatsun don ya dace a jujjuya kayan don samun iska.
4. A cikin yanayi mai kyau, buɗe agrofibre kowace rana don mintuna 15-30, kuma lokacin da aka tabbatar da zafi sosai, cire kayan gaba ɗaya. Lokacin da strawberries ya yi fure, zaku iya sake rufe gado kuma ku tabbatar yana samun iska a kai a kai.

Lura cewa daidaitaccen yanki na kayan agrofibre shine 1.6 m ko 3.2 m. Dole ne ku yi gado don strawberries, da aka ba waɗannan sigogi. A cikin matsanancin yanayin, zaku iya haɗa nau'ikan kwandon gwano masu yawa, amma ku tuna cewa baku buƙatar yin wannan ƙarshen-zuwa-ƙarshe, amma zoba. A wannan yanayin, tsarin ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 20 cm.

Karanta ƙari game da hanyar a cikin labarinmu: dasa shuki strawberries akan agrofiber da shimfiɗa ban ruwa.

Autumn dasa strawberries a kan agrofiber ne kamar haka:

1. A lokacin dasa shuki na kaka na strawberries a ƙarƙashin agrofibre, shirya gado a hanyar da ta saba, kawai kwance ƙasa kamar yadda zai yiwu, saboda ba kwa buƙatar tono wannan rukunin don shekaru 3-4. Abubuwan takin gargajiya da na ma'adinai ana yin su da kyau a gaba, saboda tushen strawberry basa son miya a yayin dasa.
2. Yi gashi mai yawa daga waya don gyara agrofibre akan ƙasa. Sanya zane a saman gado na gado, amintar da shi tare da zagaye a kewayen kewaye. Idan ana amfani da yawo dayawa, sanya fuloti tare da layin hadewar su. Bugu da kari, zaku iya yanke kayan tare da gefuna tare da wani abu mai nauyi: allon, tubalin, sandunan karfafawa da sauran hanyoyin inganta.
   

   Yada agrofibre a kan gado, gyara shi da fenti ko kayan ingantawa

3. A kan agrofibre, yi alamun alli a wuraren da bushesin zai kasance. Lura da nisa tsakanin su, kamar yadda aka saba saitin tsarin ƙasa. A alamomin, yi tsoma-tsage tare da wuƙa, ƙetare sasanninta na gaba.
4. Yi ramuka a ƙarƙashin yankan, dasa bishiyoyi a cikinsu a hanyar da ta saba. Sanya sasannin agrofibre cikin ramuka, cika ƙasa zuwa saman ramuka. Ruwa kowane daji.

Bidiyo: dasa shuki a cikin kaka a ƙasa a ƙarƙashin agrofiber

Kulawar Strawberry

Lokacin da aka gama dasa iri na strawberry, kuna buƙatar samar dashi irin wannan kulawa, godiya ga wacce tushen tsarin zai bunkasa kuma ya sami ƙarfi sosai don ciyar da bushes a cikin hunturu. Tunda ana amfani da takin mai magani a cikin adadin da ake buƙata kafin dasa, miya na gaba zai buƙaci a yi kawai a shekara ta uku ko na huɗu.

Yadda ake ruwa

Nan da nan bayan dasa, shuka a kan ƙasa tana buƙatar shayarwa sau 2-3 a mako. Bayan mako biyu, bushes ɗin zai ɗauki tushe, ana iya rage ruwa ta hanyar sarrafawa cewa ƙasa tana da laushi kuma tana kwance sosai. Ruwa da strawberries da safe ta amfani da zaunar, ruwan sanyi. Zuba shi don kada ya faɗi a kan ganyayyaki; mafi alh tori ga ɗaukar ruwa can don wannan.

Shayar da strawberries a ƙarƙashin tushe don kada ruwa ya faɗi akan ganyayyaki

Kwaro da Cututtuka

A karkashin tsari na agrofiber ko wani abu mai kama da irin wannan, strawberries ba su tsoron masifa, amma a cikin ƙasa akwai wani batun. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a kawar da kwari a cikin ruwan sama. Zasu iya lalata tsarin tushen lokacin hunturu ko kuma suyi aiki a farkon lokacin bazara lokacin da bushes yayi girma.

1. A cikin l 10 na ruwa mai tsanani zuwa 30 ° C, narke 3 tbsp. l karbofosa.
2. Tare da wannan ruwa, aiwatar da gado tare da strawberries, a baya kwance ƙasa a kewayen bushes cm zurfi.
3. Rufe gado da aka bi da fim tare da barin 3 hours.

Don hana ci gaba da cututtuka, fesa gadaje na strawberry tare da ruwa na Bordeaux 2% ko bayani na lita 10 na ruwa da 1 tbsp. l jan ƙarfe na baƙin ƙarfe.

A cikin yaki da kwari da cututtukan fungal na strawberries, abun da ke ciki na abubuwan da ke ƙasa sun nuna kanta sosai:

• Lita 10 na ruwa mai ɗumi;
• 2 tablespoons na itace ash;
• 3 tablespoons na man kayan lambu da aka ƙi;
• 2 tablespoons na vinegar;
• 2 kofuna na sabulu ruwa.

Cakuda sosai hade dukkan abubuwa har sai an sami daidaitattun daidaito kuma a sarrafa gonar strawberry sosai. A lokaci guda, moisten ba kawai ƙasa a kewayen bushes da kuma ƙarƙashin su, har ma da ganyen shuka.

Mai jan tsami

Nan da nan bayan dasa ko dasawa, tsire-tsire iri iri ba sa buƙatar pruning. Akasin haka, ƙarin sababbin ganye suna girma akan kanti, mafi kyawu. Amma gashin-baki da ya bayyana dole a cire shi. Yanzu shuka ya kamata ya ciyar da dukkanin abubuwan gina jiki don gina tushen tushe. Don haka, yanke hanyoyin a tushen su da zaran ka lura da su. Guda iri ɗaya ya shafi fank.

Bayan dasawar kaka, ana buƙatar datse strawberries ba kawai tare da gashin-baki ba, har ma tare da ciyawar fure

Shirye-shiryen hunturu

Kafin farkon yanayin sanyi, kuna buƙatar kulawa da shiri don gaskiyar cewa hunturu na iya zama ɗan dusar ƙanƙara. Don farawa, aiwatar da ƙarin mulching na ƙasa akan gado. Gardenerswararrun lambu sun ba da shawarar ɗaukar allura don wannan, wanda zai ba da tsoro ga kwari da kariya daga cututtuka.

Ciyawa zai kare dasa bishiyoyi daga daskarewa

Don haka kuna buƙatar samar da strawberries tare da tsari don riƙe dusar ƙanƙara kuma kuɓuta daga sanyi. Irin waɗannan kayan suna dacewa sosai:

• bambaro
• bushe ganye
• kannan,
• peat
• mai tushe na manyan tsire-tsire (masara, sunflower),
• sawdust.

Tsarin kariya mai kariya ya kamata ya fi 5 cm kauri. Da farko na bazara, kuna buƙatar cire tsohuwar ciyawa daga gonar.

Bidiyo: hanyoyi don ciyawa gadaje

Autumn dasa of strawberries ne mai sauki, har ma da amfani al'amari. Idan kun kusanci wannan taron kuma ku bi shawarar da kyau, zaku iya ƙara yawan amfanin wannan bishiyar mai ban al'ajabi. Da fatan za a raba tare da mu a cikin bayanan da kuka samu game da dasa shuki a ƙarshen bazara ko kuma yi tambayoyi kan wannan batun. Sa'a da girbi mai kyau!