Ba wai kawai furen furanni da tsawon lokacin flowering ba petunia masu shuka furanni. Yana sauƙin daidaitawa ga yanayin sha'anin kulawa, yana buƙatar ƙwarewar aikin gona. Ya isa ya tsayar da yanayin watering kuma lokaci-lokaci ciyar da shi don samun lush flowering daji a yankinku. Zaka iya shuka shi daga kansa da aka tattara ko kuma daga sayan seedlings. Amma yana da sauƙin sayan shuka tsaba.
Petunia ba abin mamaki ba: bayanin irin shuka
An yi amfani da Petunias don girma a gonar, a flowerbeds, ado balconies, verandas. Yana da launi mafi launin furanni, wanda zai iya fure ba fiye da tsabar kudin ba ko isa 9-10 cm a diamita.Kayan wannan bambancin ya kasu kashi biyu: karkatacciyar karkatacciyar zuciya da ƙananan petunias. Tsawon tsirrai na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire sun kai 70 cm, amma bayan sun kai sama, sai su fada ƙasa. Wadannan iri sukan dauki shuka a cikin gadaje masu fure.
A karshen yana halin tsawon rataye harbe, wanda aka yi amfani da matsayin ado mai rai. A wasu nau'o'in, tsawon ƙyallen ya kai mita daya da rabi. Petunia yana girma cikin tukwane, kwanduna, kwalaye. Wani lokaci ana amfani dashi a matsayin lambun ƙasa a cikin gonar, a kan tuddai, ana amfani dashi a cikin katako.
Wasu masana sun haɗa kansu daga wani rukuni na petunias - Semi-amber Yana tsiro mai tsayi mai tsayi tare da harbe ba fiye da 40 cm ba kuma ana amfani dasu sosai a matsayin shuka mai ciki.
Shin kuna sani? Petunia yana da nauyin jinsin shrubs da herbaceous perennials na iyalin nightshade. Kasashensa na al'ada shine yankuna na Paraguay, Uruguay, Bolivia, Argentina, Brazil. A gaskiya, sunan shuka yana da tushen Brazil: "petun" na nufin "taba". A cikin duka akwai akalla 25 nau'in wannan shuka, ba ƙididdige nau'ikan hybrids ba.
Kayan yana da furanni daban-daban a launi. Za su iya zama haɗin kai, tare da sautuka biyu ko uku. A lokaci guda, zukatansu, veins, iyakoki a kusa da gefuna kuma har ma da kawai specks za a iya fentin a cikin wani launi daban-daban. Fure-fure na siffar ƙuƙwalwar ƙwaƙƙwalwa mai iya zama terry ko Semi-biyu, mai yayata, zane, fringed ko santsi.
Dabbobi iri iri sun samo asali a hanyoyi biyu: da yawa-flowered da manyan-flowered. Kowane irin man fetur din yana da dokoki na musamman don dasawa da kulawa. Saboda haka, mutane da dama sun yi la'akari da rashin amfani. An shayar da su sosai a lokaci, sukan kara taki zuwa ruwa, da kuma samar da isasshen hasken lantarki. Suna ba da ƙananan, har zuwa 5 cm a diamita, amma furanni masu yawa. Florescences wanda aka ƙaddara ya ɓace a kai tsaye.
Large-flowered iya kai 10 cm a diamita, amma ba irin wannan ƙarancin flowering. Duk da haka, ana buƙatar kulawarsu sosai. Suna buƙatar wani adadin haske, zafi, ƙananan kayan ƙasa, da kuma na yau da kullum masu cin hanci.
Yaya za a dasa shuki mai karamin petunia?
A matsayinka na al'ada, noma na da'awar petunia farawa tare da shuka tsaba. Domin tsire-tsire su yi furanni a wuri-wuri, sun kasance masu shuka a watan Fabrairun, yayin da tsire-tsire ya fara tashi sosai. Zaka iya shuka shi a watan Maris, amma dole ne ka la'akari da halaye na iri-iri da yanayin da fure zai yi girma. An lura cewa petunia mai girma-flowered ya ba da furanni na farko a kwanaki 85-90 bayan shuka, da kuma kananan-flowered - a 70-75 days. A kowane hali, a farkon kakar girma ta shuka, ya buƙaci ya ba da ƙarin haske.
Zaka iya dasa shuka da tsire-tsire, sayen shi a cikin kantin kayan musamman. A wannan yanayin, za ku ji dadin flowering har zuwa marigayi kaka.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ana bunkasa tsaba masu girma masu girma kawai tare da zagaye-lokaci na ɗaukar hoto. A lokacin da aka ba da hasken mafi girma, kuma a daren yana yin murmushi. Kula da tsarin zazzabi kuma kada ku bari ƙasa ta bushe har zuwa ɓawon burodi. Yi shuka a cikin lokaci a cikin wani akwati mafi yawa idan ka lura cewa tushensu sun riga sun kai ga farfajiya. Idan kana so ka yi karin haske, zuba karin ƙasa. Ana amfani da nau'o'in petunia masu yawa na peat.
Zaɓi wuri don shuka
Lokacin zabar wuri na petunia, ka tuna cewa tana son haske sosai. Zai dace da gefen kudancin, inda a rana yake iyakar rana. Shafin da kanta ya kamata a bude kuma ba shaded ba. Don dasa tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa za ta iya tabbatar da cewa ba zai kama sanyi a ƙasa ba. A matsayinka na mulkin, wannan shine rabin na biyu na watan Mayu. Ana saukar da saukowa a cikin maraice ko a cikin rana mai duhu.Idan kana so ka sauka a cikin petunia a cikin ɗakin, ka zabi kudancin gine-ginen kudu. Idan akwai rashin haske, sanya fitilu masu haske don ƙara tsayin haske ga hasken rana zuwa sa'o'i 14-20.
Bukatun shara
A cikin tambaya akan yadda za a shuka petunia, yana da muhimmanci a gano ƙayyadaddun abin da ke cikin ƙasa. Domin furen ya ba da furanni mai zurfi, hankali yana buƙatar ƙasa mai laushi da ƙasa mai gina jiki tare da isasshen ƙarfin lada. Saboda haka, zai dace da loamy, yashi, sandy sandy ƙasa.
Kafin dasa shuki, yana da kyawawa don narke shi tare da ganye humus ko rotted taki. Amma dole ne a watsar da kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta, saboda yana haifar da cututtukan fungal.
Ka'idojin ka'idoji don dasa shuki seedlings na amfanic Petunia
Akwai wasu mahimman ka'idoji don dasa shuki a cikin seedling. Idan ka tsaya a gare su, za ku yi shakka girma a lafiya da luxuriantly flowering shuka.
Da farko, zaɓi manyan kyawawan tsaba daga masana'antun yammacin shuka don shuka. Saboda haka ana tabbatar da ku don samun kyakkyawan shuka na tsaba. Zaɓi madaidaicin haɗakarwa da inganci a cikin kantin kayan sana'a. Kafin shuka, yana da kyawawa don ƙone shi a cikin tanda ko kuma wanke shi da hanyoyi na musamman.
Binciken kwanan itatuwa. Dole ne a shiga cikin tsaba ba a farkon watan Fabrairu ba, amma ba daga bisani Afrilu ba. M bi da shawarwarin don shuka da kuma dasa seedlings na musamman iri-iri. Saboda haka, seedlings suna buƙatar shinge a lokaci. A cikin ƙasa da aka dasa an dasa ta tare da clox na earthy, don haka kada ya lalata tushen tsarin. Amunia petunia yana da nasa tsarin dasawa: dole ne a yi nisa da minti 30 a tsakanin bushes. Yana da muhimmanci a dasa ruwa bayan dasa shuki, kuma a cike yankin da aka dasa a rana mai zuwa.
Ruwa da shuka a kai a kai, yana mai da hankali ga yawan ruwan da ake amfani da furanni. Yanayin yanayin zafin jiki yana da muhimmanci kawai lokacin da girma seedlings. Tsaba ya kamata yayi germinate a zafin jiki na 18-20 ° C, kuma yaji a zafin jiki na 16-18 ° C. Amma mafi mahimmanci shi ne yanayin shayarwa. Har sai ƙwayoyin suka girma da girma, an yi amfani da ita a kalla 14 hours a rana. Duk tsawon tsire-tsire Petunia na buƙatar ciyarwa. Saboda wannan, ana amfani da takin mai ruwa ko granular.
Dokokin Kula da Petunia
Yanzu bari mu dubi ka'idodin ka'idoji don kulawa da shuka.
Watering da kuma ciyar da tsire-tsire
Abu mafi muhimmanci a watering petunias - isa ruwa. Ya kamata a kara yawanta a matsayin tsire-tsire. Mafi girma ga vegetative taro, mafi yawan yana bukatar danshi. Yana da mahimmanci kada a bari ƙasar ta bushe, in ba haka ba harbe na tsire-tsire ya zama m, ƙwayoyi sunyi crumble, kuma furanni sun zama m. A kwanakin zafi, watering ya kamata ya faru ba kasa da sau biyu a rana: da safe da maraice. Petunias da aka girma a cikin tukwane an bada shawarar da su kasance cikin ruwa tare da tukunya.
Amma ƙananan laima yana da mummunan sakamako a kan shuka. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci kada ku yi kuskure lokacin lokacin da ruwan ya bulɗa, amma ƙasa bai bushe ba tukuna. Yi kokarin gwada ƙasa daga ƙarƙashin shuka kuma rubuta shi a cikin yatsunsu. Idan ƙasa ba ta bar alamomi a hannayensa ba har sai ya ɓace, ya isasshe bushe kuma yana buƙatar watering.
Shin kuna sani? Idan ba ku da damar yin amfani da ruwa a sau da yawa, ƙara hydrogel zuwa ƙasa. Yana riƙe da danshi, ba bar shi ya ƙafe ba, kuma yana ba da ita ga shuka. Saboda haka zaka iya rage mita na ban ruwa a cikin sau biyu - sau uku.
Ginin yana buƙatar ciyar da sau ɗaya a mako. Don yin wannan, amfani da potash da phosphate takin mai magani. Amma wasu irin petunia, alal misali, daga ƙungiyar Potunia, an bada shawarar da za a ciyar da su tare da kowane ruwa. Farawa tare da m ciyar a lokacin saukowa, ya kamata a hankali rage, tsaya a maida hankali ne game da 2-3 g da lita na ruwa. In ba haka ba, mai yawa flowering ba za ku jira.
Don wasu nau'o'in, ƙaddamar da abinci na ruwa ya kamata ya zama gwargwadon ruwa fiye da 5 g. A lokaci guda kuma, ba a bada shawarar yin sakawa cikin ƙasa mai busassun ko ban ruwa ba - yana yiwuwa a ƙone gashin gashi, ta hanyar da ake amfani da danshi. Saboda haka shuka zai iya mutuwa. A matsayinka na mulkin, an bada shawarar yin amfani da ɗaya kofi a kowace lita a kan kunshin, amma a yanayin saukan petunia, rabi ya kamata a dauka. Kuma suna bayar da shawarar irin wannan makirci na ban ruwa da kuma takin gargajiya: shayar da ƙasa da safe, da kuma kara da takin gargajiya a maraice.
Kula kula
An zuba Pomunia a hankali sosai a tushen, don haka ruwa baya fada akan furanni. Kashegari, kasar gona a kewayen fure-fure, sassauta kuma cire weeds. Yi la'akari da cewa kasar gona ba ta makale a cikin ɓawon burodi.
Yadda za a datsa petunia maras kyau, ta samar da wata daji
Ko da a lokacin da aka yi amfani da petunia, ta tsakiyar tsakiyar rani daga harkar zuwa tsakiya na tsawon zubar da ganye, kuma flowering ya kasance ne kawai a iyakar rassan. Don kiyaye adadin abincin na shuka, wajibi ne don gudanar da ayyukan da za a samu na daji. Don yin wannan, ba tare da tausayi na musamman ba, yanke game da kashi biyu cikin uku na shoot, duk da cewa akwai kusan rassan reshe.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ana iya adana daji na Petunia domin kakar ta gaba, idan kun adana shi a wuri mai haske da haske a zazzabi na 7-10 ° C. Wannan na iya zama baranda, loggia, amma ba ginshiki. Kafin aikawa don hunturu, dole ne a yanke shuka ta kashi biyu bisa uku. An shayar da shi sosai, kuma a watan Maris, sake yanke. Bayan haka, an dasa shi a cikin wani sabo ne da tukunya mai fadi. Kodayake masu shuka furanni sun ba da shawara kada su shiga cikin wannan matsala, amma sayen sabo iri a cikin bazara.
Amun petunia an gyara shi daidai, yin amfani da shi a wannan yanayin ba zai taimaka sosai ba. Idan kawai an cire ƙarshen harbe, sabon harbe akan ɓangaren fallasa ba zai bayyana ba. Don kaucewa rashin kulawa da irin wannan hanya, za'a iya aiwatar da shi a wasu matakai, yankan rassa biyu ko uku tare da wani lokaci na mako daya.
Aminiya Petunia: Tirawa
Idan furen ya yi fure da furanni, dole ne a yi shi da shi. Wannan zai kare rassan daga yiwuwar lalacewa a lokacin girma, tabbatar da fitowar sabon harbe da kuma yawancin daji.
Yaya za a yi amfani da petunia ampelnoe daidai? Kamar yadda yake da wani tsire-tsire, dole ne ka cire tip na shoot, musamman ma idan har ya yi tsawo. Tare tare da shi ya wajaba don ƙwaƙƙasa dukkan ƙwayoyin da aka yi da su, musamman ma idan akwatunan iri sun bayyana a gare su. In ba haka ba, injin zai sanya dukkan dakarunsa a kan su, kuma ba za ku ga furanni ba.
Yaya girman furen yake
Hanya mafi yawan amfanin waje don flower shine tsaba. Amma za ku iya haifar da shi da cutarwa. Wannan tsari ne mai rikitarwa, amma lallai da wasu nau'o'in petunias maras kyau, waxanda suke da tsada sosai.
Tsarin iri
Idan ka yanke shawarar shuka furanni daga iri, to saya sabo daga kantin sayar da. Ba'a ba da shawarar yin tattara su da kansa daga petunias girma a yankin. Yawancin iri da aka wakilta a cikin shaguna a yau sune matasan. Wannan yana nufin cewa ba duk alamun mahaifiyar daji ba an canja shi zuwa tsara na gaba, kuma a karshen za ku sami nau'in nau'in degenerate. Bugu da kari, idan kuna da nau'o'in iri a kan mãkirci, za su iya sake gurɓatawa. Kuma wasu iri ba su iya kafa tsaba ba, kamar, alal misali, terry.
An shuka tsaba a cikin wata ƙasa mai tsaftacewa mai tsabta, wanda aka zuba a cikin kwalaye na musamman. Ba a yayyafa tsaba ba tare da kasar gona, amma an rufe shi da wani fim na gaskiya ko gilashi don haka an haskaka su sosai.
Shin kuna sani? Petunia tsaba suna da ƙananan: har zuwa 10,000 hatsi a kowace gram na iri. Don sauƙi na shuka, an haxa su da yashi a cikin adadin 1: 5 ko sun sayi kayan dasa kayan da aka kafa a cikin darde.
Kyakkyawan iri na germination an samu a zafin jiki na 22-24 ° C da zafi na 95-98%. Sprouts sunyi hanyar su cikin mako guda ko biyu. Tare da takardar farko cire shafin. Kowace rana dole ne a yadu su da hankali don rage yawan zafin jiki. A lokacin da tsire-tsire a cikin akwati suka fi ƙarfin, iska mai iska na yanayi zai zama 18-20 ° C a lokacin da 14-16 ° C da dare.
Game da wata daya bayan shuka, lokacin da akwai akalla biyu ganye a kan sprouts, sun nutse, zurfafa sprout a ƙasa zuwa leaf na farko. Tsarin seedlings zai iya zama sosai jinkirin, saboda a wannan lokacin dukkan sojojin na shuka sunyi amfani da tushen tsarin. Lokacin da yake samar da ganye biyu ko uku, dole ne a gudanar da ɗaukar hoto.
Kar ka manta da ruwa da ruwa a lokaci da isasshen, amma a lokaci guda kauce wa danshi mai laushi. Matasan matasan sunyi kama da cutar fata.
Yana da muhimmanci! "Black Leg" - cututtukan fungal. Zai iya bayyana ne kawai a kan kananan harbe a farkon makonni na rayuwarsu. Idan kawai sunyi tsire-tsire sunyi rauni, sun fadi da bushe, ana iya cutar da su tare da wannan naman gwari. Don rigakafi, an bada shawara ga ruwa da seedlings tare da rauni bayani na potassium permanganate.
Kafin dasa shuki seedlings a bude ƙasa, dole ne ya kasance da tempered. Tsarin da aka shirya da kyau suna jin dadi ko da lokacin da yawan zazzabi ya sauko zuwa 10 ° C.
Cuttings
A lokacin haifuwa na petunia, ana amfani da sutura. Suna ciyar da shi a watan Fabrairun - Mayu, amma idan kun kirkirar yanayi mai kyau don dasa kayan, zaka iya ciyar da shi a duk shekara. Wadannan yanayi sun hada da hasken haske da zazzabi na 15-22 ° C. An dasa shuki a cikin allunan peat, kofuna ko rabin lita ko kwalaye don seedlings tare da ruwan magani mai dacewa.
An yanke katako daga tsire-tsire mai layi na lafiya a wani kusurwa domin kayan shuka yana da ganye 4-6, kuma yankan kanta ba tsawon 10 cm ba ne kawai. Sai dai an bar rassan bishiyoyi guda biyu a bisansa kuma a dasa su a cikin ƙasa don kashi hudu na tsawon kafa. Lokacin da dasa shuki a cikin akwati, tabbatar cewa nisa tsakanin cuttings ba kasa da 1.5 cm. Ya kamata a rufe yaro da gilashi ko m fim, samar da zafin jiki ba kasa da 21 ° C da yalwar haske.
Tushen cuttings ya bayyana a ranar 5-10. Sa'an nan kuma suna buƙatar kula da su a cikin hanyar da aka samu daga tsaba. Lokacin da tsarin tushen ya isasshe karfi, suna nutsewa cikin tankuna. A amfani da wannan seedling shine cewa yana bada flowering a cikin 20-35 days bayan dasa.
Petunia - inganci maras amfani. Idan ka samar da shi da haske mai yawa da kuma kulawa da ƙasa, za ka iya tabbatar da tsawon lokacin flowering. Don ƙarancin daji ya isa lokacin da za a rike nip da pruning. Zai iya ninka a matsayin cuttings da tsaba. Zaɓin na ƙarshe shi ne mafi amfani, musamman idan ka sayi tsaba a cikin ɗakunan fasaha. Daga cikin adadin yawan iri da kuma hybrids, zaku sami wanda ya dace daidai cikin lambunku.
