Lokacin da ilimin kimiyar shuka ya fara samuwa, yawancin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari sun ci gaba da karu a kowace shekara a wata kudi mai mahimmanci. Man yana buƙatar - masana kimiyya na neman sabon damar. Yawancin strawberries "San Andreas" an tsara su don samar wa jama'a da sabon sabon nau'i na Berry, wanda shine maganin cututtukan da yawa, gabatarwa mai kyau da dandano mai ɗanyo. A cikin wannan labarin za mu tattauna dalla-dalla game da wannan iri-iri, fahimtar dokoki don dasa shuki da kuma kula da su.
Bambancin bayanin
Saduwan 'yan gida "San Andreas" shine wata ƙwayar' yan shayarwa Amurka daga jihar California. Na farko da aka ambaci irin wannan strawberry ya bayyana game da shekaru 15 da suka gabata.
Shin kuna sani? Strawberry shine kawai Berry a duniya, wanda abincin yake a waje, ba a cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓangaren litattafan almara ba.
Tun daga wannan lokacin, alama ita ce samun karuwa da yawa saboda yawancin halaye masu kyau:
- high mataki na jure anthracnose da kuma launin toka rot;
- sauyawar canji a cikin zazzabi, matsa lamba ko zafi bazai haifar da mummunan lalacewa ga bushes;
- berries suna da kyakkyawan tufafin kasuwanci, bambanta a cikin manyan masu girma a kwatanta da sauran maki na strawberry;
- ƙayyadadden yawan amfanin ƙasa da 'ya'yan itace mai tsawo (May-Oktoba);
- transportability a babban matakin;
- a ƙarƙashin duk yanayin da ake bukata, rayuwa mai ɗorewa yana da dogon lokacin da aka kwatanta da wasu nau'in strawberries;
Video: bayanin irin strawberry iri-iri "San Andreas"
San Andreas yana da wasu drawbacks:
- bushes suna buƙatar kula da su;
- iri iri-iri na buƙatar maye gurbin bushes (kowace shekara 3-4), in ba haka ba jigilar berries zai haifar da gaskiyar cewa zasu zama karami kuma karami;
- A iri-iri ne mai saukin kamuwa ga aphids da strawberry mites.
Binciken samfurori masu girma iri iri irin su Pandora, Mai Amfani, Irma, Wife, Wima Zant, Shelf, Capri, Florence, Bereginya, Marmalade, "Garland", "Darlelekt", "Vicoda", "Zephyr", "Roxana", "Cardinal", "Tristan".
Masana sun lura cewa ɗayan hatsi a cikin dumi mai zafi zai iya samarwa har zuwa 4 fruiting a lokacin girma kakar. A daji yana da matsakaici size idan aka kwatanta da wasu irin strawberries.
Yana da karamin, spherical, tare da matsakaici thickening. A kan kowane daga cikin bishiyoyi a kan matsakaici zuwa 10 inflorescences an kafa. Strawberry "San Andreas" na iya tsayayya yanayin zafi har zuwa -16 ° C. Kuma a cikin yankunan da wuraren da aka fi karfi, ya zama wajibi ne don gina gidaje na musamman don shi. 
Halaye na berries da kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa
Berries na strawberry "San Andreas" an bambanta da wadannan siffofin:
- matsakaicin nauyin nauyin nauyi ya kai 30 g. Matsakaicin yiwuwar samfurori guda ɗaya shine 50 g;
- yawan amfanin ƙasa daga wani daji tare da kulawa mai kyau da kuma kulawa - 500-1000 g;
- 'ya'yan itatuwa da high yawa, da tsaba an dan kadan guga man cikin berries;
- jiki na ciki na berries yana da launin launi mai haske, siffofin dandano suna a cikin babban matakin ('ya'yan itatuwa suna da taushi da m, akwai alamun ƙananan ƙwayoyi).
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa 'ya'yan itatuwa na wannan nau'ikan za a iya sauƙin sauƙin hawa saboda yawancin da yake da shi. Wasu mazauna rani suna halayyar 'ya'yan itatuwa da wuya. Wannan yanayin yana ba wa manyan 'yan kasuwa damar sayar da kayayyaki zuwa sassa daban-daban na wata ƙasa ko ma nahiyar. 
Agrotechnics na girma da kula da strawberries
Strawberries "San Andreas" zai yi farin ciki da cin amfaninta kawai tare da kulawa mai kyau da daidaito. Masana da yawa sunyi la'akari da cewa wannan yana daya daga cikin wadannan nau'o'in, ba tare da kulawa ba, ba su kawo adadin kuɗi da ingancin berries ba. Bugu da ƙari, kayan ado na daji sun rasa.
Muna ba ku shawara don ku fahimci irin kayan da ake yi na strawberry.
Zabi na seedlings
Mafi kyaun wuri don saya seedlings an tabbatar da bokan nurseries. Za su ba ku takardar shaidar inganci, da garanti a kan samfurinku. Ana sayen samfurori a kasuwar, akwai haɗarin sayan iri marar kyau ko iri iri iri na kowa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Za a dasa itatuwan Strawberry a cikin ƙasa kawai idan hadarin dawowa daren sanyi ya riga ya rage zuwa kome.
Ga wadanda suka ba a baya aka yi tare da sayan strawberries "San Andreas", muna ba da shawara wasu dokoki domin zabar seedlings:
- Lokacin sayen seedlings a cikin bazara (karshen Afrilu - Mayu), kula da yawan matasa ganye. Ya kamata su zama akalla 2-3, ba la'akari da tsofaffi;
- Bar ya kamata ya zama launi mai launi, mai haske da gashi. Kwayoyin da ke faduwa suna da rinjaye ta hanyar mummunan ƙwayoyin ƙaho. Wannan cuta ba treatable, don haka seedlings mutu da ewa ba;
- Dots duhu a kan ganye suna nuna kasancewar wani kamuwa da cuta na fungal, withering harbe da ganye nuna cin nasara na strawberry mite;
- Ya kamata ƙaho ya zama tsalle, saboda yawan amfanin gona zai dogara da shi. Masana sun lura cewa mafi kyau saya seedlings, wanda kauri daga cikinsu shine 7 mm ko fiye;
- Tabbatar duba tushen tsarin seedlings. Tushen dole ne a haɓaka kuma suna da launin launi da kuma wariyar al'ada. Idan akwai wari na rot, to, yana da kyau kada ku sayi irin waɗannan seedlings.
Wadannan dokoki guda biyar sune lokacin da suke zabar matasa. Duk da haka, idan kun kasance sabon zuwa aikin noma, sai ya fi dacewa ku tafi tare da ku zuwa kasuwa ko gandun daji na abokiyar da kuka fi sani.
Yanayin tsarewa
Don girma strawberries "San Andreas" ya fi kyau a wuraren da radishes, marigolds, wake, karas, mustard, faski, da tafarnuwa sun girma a baya. Amma bayan cucumbers, solanaceous kabeji da kabeji, shi ne mafi alhẽri ba shuka wannan iri-iri na berries.
Za a iya zaɓin wuri zuwa ƙasa tare da kulawa duka. Yawan iri-iri na son filayen rana a kudu ko kudu maso yammacin filin. Bugu da ƙari, wuri mai saukowa ya kamata ya zama lebur, ba tare da ramuka da damuwa ba, wanda danshi zai iya yin damuwa.
Duka damuwa, musamman ma a farkon spring, na iya haifar da cututtukan fungal a cikin strawberries. Na dabam, Ina so in bayyana lokacin da hasken rana. Ragewa a cikin fruiting iya faruwa duka biyu idan akwai rashin haske, kuma idan akwai ƙarin. 
A cikin akwati na farko, rashin alheri, babu abin da za a yi, tun da baza ku iya canja yanayin yanayi da siffofinsa ba. Duk da haka, sau da yawa yakan faru cewa kwanaki masu zafi sun fara a Yuli-Agusta, musamman a yankuna kudancin. Sa'an nan kuma strawberries fara kai 'ya'yan itace ƙasa da rayayye.
A irin waɗannan lokuta, masu bayar da shawarar bayar da shawara su rufe da saukowa tare da cibiyar sadarwa na musamman wadda ke haifar da penumbra. Yanayin analog yana dasa tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a kusa da strawberry (masara, sunflower).
Kasar gona da taki
Hanyoyin iri-iri sun fi son dan kadan acidic ko tsaminin ƙasa. Don dasa shuki, ƙasa mai baƙar fata ya fi dacewa, wanda ya wajaba a kara dan kadan.
Zai zama da amfani a gare ka ka karanta game da irin nau'ukan ƙasa, yadda za a inganta amfanin gona, yadda za a iya ƙayyadad da acidity na kasar gona a shafin, da kuma yadda za a deoxidize ƙasa.
Idan babu yiwuwar saukowa a ƙasa mai baƙar fata, to sai a ciyar da bishiyoyi a kowace rana, musamman idan an dasa su a cikin ƙasa mai yashi. 
Yana da muhimmanci! Don ƙananan matasan, duk abin da ake biyo baya don aikace-aikacen taki zai rage ta sau 2.
Daga tsari da ingancin dressings za su dogara ne akan yawan amfanin gonar amfanin gona. Strawberry "San Andreas" yana bukatan ma'adinai da takin gargajiya.
A matsayinsu, an kafa ka'idojin takin gargajiya akai-akai:
- An fara ciyar da shi a watan Mayu. A wannan lokacin, shrubs yana buƙatar kariyar kari, wanda shine masu bunkasa girma. An bada shawara don amfani 20 g na nitrogenous da takin mai magani da 1 m². Bugu da kari, wajibi ne a gabatar da kwayoyin halitta: saniya da tsuntsu (diluted cikin ruwa da samar da ruwa).
- A karo na biyu ana ciyar da abinci a tsakiyar kakar girma. Sau da yawa, wannan lokacin yana kan lokaci na aiki flowering na strawberries. A wannan lokaci, an gabatar da takin mai magani mai mahimmanci, wanda ya kunshi nitrogen, potassium da phosphorus. Dandalin wadannan ma'adanai don yin adadin 10-20 g da 1 m².
- Rikicin na uku ana gudanar da shi a ƙarshen kakar girma, lokacin da Berry ke shirya don hunturu. Sau da yawa wannan lokacin ya fara a watan Oktoba - farkon Nuwamba. A wannan lokaci, strawberries basu buƙatar nitrogen, amma ana bukatar phosphorus, tare da potassium. Zaka iya amfani da kwayoyi superphosphate da potassium chloride a dosages na 15-20 g da 1 m².
Idan ba'a dasa bishiyoyi a cikin ƙasa baƙar fata ba, to, ana amfani da takin gargajiya a kai a kai. Don waɗannan dalilai, mafi kyau mafi kyau dacewa mai juyayi ko humus (don yin spring da kaka). Don 5 m² 15-20 kilogiram na kwayoyin halitta ana amfani.
Video: yadda za a takin strawberries
Watering da danshi
Watering ya kamata a gyara a cikin nau'i na ban ruwa. Wannan hanyar moisturizing zai taimaka wajen daidaita da mafi kyau duka kwarara ruwa a cikin tsarin tushen strawberry bushes. Bayan haka, ruwa mai yawa zai haifar da cututtuka na fungal, da kuma tsaftacewa na yau da kullum na ƙasa zai rage yawan amfanin ƙasa na iri-iri.
Watering mafi kyau ne a farkon safiya ko maraice, kamar yadda a lokacin rana zasu iya haifar da ƙarawar evaporation, konewa da kuma tasirin greenhouse. Ruwa don ban ruwa ya zama dumi, game da yawan zafin jiki.
Mun bada shawara akan karatu game da sau da yawa don shayar da strawberries, yadda za a yi kyau da kuma lokacin da za a yanke ganye da gashin-baki na strawberries, yadda za a aiwatar da strawberries a cikin fall, yadda za a kula da strawberries a lokacin flowering, abin da yan bangare ke bukata a dasa a karkashin strawberries don kara yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Abota da zafin jiki
Wannan iri-iri iri-iri ne aka bred a California, inda a lokacin rani iska zafin jiki yana dumi sosai. "San Andreas" an daidaita shi musamman ga yanayin California, don haka a kasarmu mafi kyau zai kasance a yankunan kudancin. 
Duk da ƙaunar yanayi mai dumi, San Andreas na iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi har zuwa -16 ° C ba tare da wata matsala ba.
Sake bugun da dasa
Strawberry seedlings suna mafi kyau shuka a cikin marigayi Afrilu ko farkon - tsakiyar watan Mayu. Duk ya dogara ne akan yanayin hawan dutse na yankin. A lokacin dasa shuki, ya kamata a lura da nisa tsakanin layuka na 40 cm, kuma tsakanin bushes - 30 cm Wannan makirci zai taimaka wa bishiyoyi su samar da sashi a sama da ƙasa kuma suna bada 'ya'ya sosai sosai.
Ya kamata kuma a tuna da cewa lokacin da dasa shuki girma ya kamata a kasance a matakin matakin farfajiyar ƙasa. Nan da nan bayan dasa shuki, ana bada shawara don yada ƙasa tare da peat, sawdust ko bambaro. Mulch zai zubar da ruwa cikin ƙasa, wanda yafi dacewa a lokacin rani na rani.
Yaran ya yi ta hanyoyi biyu:
- farar fata. Don ƙwarewa a wannan hanya, dole ne ka fara zaɓar yankakken bishiyoyi masu karfi. Ɗauki gashin-kullun kuma kaddamar da su a gefen gadaje. Lokacin da suke da karfi da kuma balagagge, za a iya rabu da su daga mahaifiyarsa da kuma dasa su;
Shin kuna sani? Strawberries iya rage ikon ciwon kai, domin yana dauke da wani abu da kusan kusan da aspirin.
- rabo daga cikin daji. Zabi mafi ƙarfin bushes, wanda shekarunsa ya kai akalla shekaru biyu. An rarraba daji zuwa kashi biyu daidai da kuma shimfidawa. Irin waɗannan hanyoyin anyi mafi kyau a spring ko marigayi kaka.
Koyi yadda za'a shuka shuki a cikin bazara da kaka.
Matsalar girma da shawarwari
Lokacin da girma "San Andreas" na iya fuskanci matsaloli masu yawa, mafi yawansu sun haɗa da cututtuka da kwari. Amma matsalolin da ke sama suna samuwa ne saboda rashin kulawar dasa shuki.
Abin da ya sa yana da mahimmanci a lura da wadannan shawarwari yayin girma strawberries:
- 1-2 sau a wata don yin weeding;
- ruwa da ciyawa akai-akai a kusa da bushes;
- Ana amfani da takin mai magani bisa ga ka'idojin da muka bayyana dalla-dalla kadan kadan;
- idan yanayin zafi mai banƙyama (iska sama da rana na sama da +34 ° C), dasa shuki strawberries ya kamata a fatar da shi ta hanyar kwararru na musamman;
- a cikin yankuna inda shagulgula ba su da dusar ƙanƙara da sanyi, dole ne a warmed plantations strawberry domin hunturu.
Kwaro, cututtuka da kuma rigakafi
Don rigakafin cututtuka na fungal, da kuma don rigakafin ƙwayoyin kwari, dole ne a shirya cakuda mai zuwa:
- Lita 10 na ruwa;
- 2 tbsp. l 9% acetic acid;
- 2 tbsp. l yankakken itace ash;
- 2 tabarau na sabulu na ruwa;
- 3 tbsp. l man sunflower (wanda ya kasance mai saurin maganin zafi).
Dukkan sinadaran da ke sama suna hade, kuma sakamakon maganin da aka bi da bishiyoyi da ƙasa a ƙarƙashin su. Idan matakan tsaro ba su da kyau, kuma cutar ta ci gaba da buga strawberries, dole ne ka yi amfani da sunadaran gargajiya.
Za ku iya sha'awar karanta game da yadda za ku magance cututtuka da kwari na strawberries.
Mafi sau da yawa, "San Andreas" shafi irin wannan cututtuka da kwari:
- powdery mildew. Dole ne kuyi yaki tare da taimakon colloidal sulfur ko potassium permanganate;
- aphid An hallaka shi da wani bayani na ruwa na itace da kuma wanke wanke;
- strawite mite. An shafe ta ta spraying da bushes tare da karbofos bayani;
- launin ruwan kasa. A wannan yanayin, bi da strawberries tare da jan karfe oxide.
Yana da muhimmanci! Daga strawberry bushes bukatar a kai a kai cire duk bushe da lalace karin kwari harbe.
A ƙarshe, ya kamata a lura cewa iri-iri na strawberries "San Andreas" yana da damuwa a kulawa. Duk da haka, tare da isasshen lokaci kyauta da kuma samun ilimin game da sharuɗɗa na watering, fertilizing, sako, da dai sauransu, yawan amfanin gonar zai zama high.
Bayani daga cibiyar sadarwa
