Black radish - girma daya-biyu-uku!

Black radish shine tushen amfanin gona wanda ya dade da saba wa yan lambu na Rasha. Amma ba kowa ne ke son ɗanɗano irinsa da ƙanshinta ƙanshi ba. Sabili da haka, kwanan nan an sake maye gurbin shuka da sabon kayan amfanin gona. A halin yanzu, wannan shine ɗayan kayan lambu masu amfani waɗanda za a iya girma a kan tsarin ka na sirri. Shuka ba ya buƙatar kulawa mai rikitarwa, har ma da wani ɗan lambu mai ƙarancin ƙwarewa zai iya jure aikin kuma ya sami amfanin gona.

Menene baƙar fata radish yayi kama

Black radish nasa ne ga dangi mai gicciye. Wannan tsiro shine "kusanci" na radish, rutabaga, turnip, kabeji da wasu albarkatun gona. Asalinta shine Asiya ta Tsakiya, amma a halin yanzu babu wasu nau'in "daji" na radish. Kawai iri da kuma hybrids bred musamman da kiwo ana girma. A Rasha, an san al'adu tun karni na XII.

Black radish ne mai tsawo da kuma sanannun al'adun 'yan Adam, an girma a cikin Ancient Misira da Girka.

Dankin ya samar da kayan furanci na ganyayyaki 45-60 cm. A gefenshin farantin ganye a wurare da yawa ana rarraba su sosai, yanayin gaba ɗaya yayi kama da zare. A cikin taɓawa suna da m, "farashi". Ana fentin ganye mai launin shuɗi mai launin toka mai launin toka ko zaitun.

Ganyen baƙar fata na radish suna da wuyar taɓawa

Kamar kowane Cruciferous, wannan shine shuka mai haɗe da sake zagayowar shekaru biyu. Idan kun bar cikin farin radish Bloom, shekara mai zuwa zai samar da "pods" cike da tsaba. Furen furanni na farin ko kodadde Lilac hue ana tattara su cikin tsefewar launin fata.

Idan radish ya yi fure, ba za ku iya dogaro kan girbi mai yawa ba

Abin da radish yayi kama da watakila sananne ne ga kowa. Fatar ta na bakin ciki, mara baƙi ko baƙi, ba ta taɓa taɓawa ga taɓawa. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne m da kuma mai yawa, dusar ƙanƙara fari-fari. Matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici shine 10-16 cm. Siffar ta bambanta daga kusan sifar mai sihiri zuwa elongated, silili. Suna yawanci kimanin 350-600 g, dukda cewa akwai kuma samfurori, "zakarun", suna samun adadin kilogiram 2.5-3.

A jikin na baki radish sosai m, m, dusar ƙanƙara fari-fari

Dandano mai launin radish yana da halayyar gaske, mai kaifi-daci. Hakanan akwai takamaiman ƙanshin, wanda ba kowa ke so ba. Amma yana da sauƙi a kawar da duka biyun ta hanyar riƙe kayan lambu a cikin ruwan sanyi na akalla rabin sa'a. Af, da kuma ɓangaren litattafan almara zai zama m. Amfana baya wahala.

Ba a shakkar da fa'idodin lafiyar lafiyar baƙar fata baƙar fata da ba da kimiyya ba. Wannan ba za a ce yana da arziki sosai a cikin bitamin, amma glycosides da lysozymes suna nan a cikin abun da ke ciki. Rukunin farko na abubuwa suna lalata ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, na biyu yana da tasirin antibacterial da sakamako na antifungal. Kasancewa na yau da kullun daga cikin tushen abinci yana daidaita tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Wannan ingantaccen rigakafin cutar atherosclerosis.

Hakanan yana da arziki a cikin amino acid, carbohydrates mai narkewa mai sauƙi (fructose, sucrose), mai mai mahimmanci. Daga cikin abubuwan da aka gano, ana iya lura da kasancewar potassium, magnesium, zinc, iron, alli, sodium, da phosphorus. Phytoncides yana ba da halayyar haushi na ɓangaren litattafan almara, abun da ke ciki wanda baƙar fata na radish yayi nasarar gasa tare da tafarnuwa da horseradish.

Ulwaya, kuma musamman baƙar fata ruwan 'ya'yan itace radish gauraye da zuma, yana taimakawa kawar da tari tare da daskararru, tarin cututtukan fata, mashako, huhun tari. Kayan aiki ɗaya yana da tasiri mai kyau a kan rigakafi, yana ba da gudummawa ga saurin warkewa bayan sanyi da cututtukan hoto. Don prophylaxis, ana iya haɗa ruwan 'ya'yan itace tare da zuma a cikin abincin a cikin bazara, lokacin da sakamakon raunin bitamin hunturu ya kasance sananne. A ɓangaren litattafan almara na fata zai sami nasarar maye gurbin filayen mustard.

Ruwan ruwan 'ya'yan itace radish da aka gauraya da zuma abu ne mai matukar inganci

Bidiyo: baki mai radish tare da zuma

Tushen kayan lambu yana da amfani ga tsarin narkewa. Fiber yana taimakawa tsaftace hanji da kuma tsaftace microflora. Hakanan yana daidaita daidaiton ruwan, yana cire ruwan mai yawa daga jiki. Black radish ne kawai irreplaceable a gaban hali na edema. Kuma ruwan 'ya'yan leda mai kaifi na iya narke kananan duwatsu a cikin kodan da na ciki. Hakanan ana santa azaman choleretic mai kyau.

Hakanan ana amfani da radish na baki a cikin kayan kwalliya. Ruwan madararta, idan aka kara shi da ruwa mai ruwa, yana kunna samarda jini ga fatar, wanda hakan, yake kunna ci gaban gashi. Hakanan za'a iya shafawa cikin ramin ƙusa don ƙarfafawa da daidaita farantin. Ana amfani da tincture na giya don magance kuraje, kumburin ciki, kuraje, da sauran matsaloli tare da fatar fuska.

Ruwan madara na radish ana amfani dashi sosai ba kawai a magungunan gargajiya ba, har ma a cikin kayan shafawa

Ana amfani da ganyen daga ɓangaren litattafan almara zuwa bruises, bruises, kumburi, sauran wuraren da suka ji rauni, idan babu lahani ga fata. Bawai kawai yana sauƙaƙa ciwo ba, amma yana ba da gudummawa ga saurin warkarwa. Kuma idan kun shirya kayan girki daga ciki, hakanan zaka iya sauƙaƙe ciwon hakori.

Bidiyo: Fa'idodi na lafiya na baƙar fata

Tushen Tushen ana amfani da shi sosai a dafa abinci. Black radish wani sashi ne na salati da yawa, masu son ci. Musamman sanannun kayan lambu a Asiya. Hakanan an haɗa shi zuwa soyayyen, manyan jita (yawanci nama), jita-jita na gefe don bayar da yaji. Zaki iya jujjuya baki baki ko da a kayan zaki ne in kin yanka shi a cikin yanka mai bakin ciki ki zuba zuma kadan.

Matsakaicin fa'ida shine amfani da sabulun radish

Duk da duk damar da za a iya samu, yakamata a cire launin radish daga abinci a gaban kowace cuta mai narkewa ta cuta, musamman cututtukan fata da cututtukan fata. Haramun ne a ci amfanin gona a lokacin cutarwarsa. A hankali yana da kyau ayi amfani da radish ga waɗanda suka sami rauni ta hanyar rauni ko bugun jini, musamman idan hakan ta faru kwanan nan. Da wuya, amma har yanzu rashin haƙuri yana faruwa. Zai fi kyau a gwada kayan ganyayyaki a ƙananan rabo idan kun san cewa kuna da halayen ƙwayar cuta.

Karka bari a kwashe ka da radish na baki a gaban matsaloli tare da enamel hakori da karuwar hankalin sa. Hakanan, ya zama dole a guji cin ganyayyaki na farko a duk lokacin daukar ciki, domin kada a tsokane shi. Amma ana iya bada shawarar shayar da nono idan akwai karancin nono.

A cikin kowane hali ya kamata ku ci radish na baki a kan komai a ciki. In ba haka ba, mummunan cramps na faruwa, wataƙila bloating.

Baya ga baƙi, har yanzu akwai launin fari da fari. Na farko shine nau'in kiwo iri iri a cikin garin Uzbek na Margilan. Hakanan ana kiranta da goshi. Tasteanɗanorta sun fi kyau sosai, ba su da yawa kuma ba tare da haushi ba. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne ba wuya da mai yawa, kore. Ana kwantar da kwasfa a cikin dukkan tabarau na launi iri ɗaya - daga salatin zuwa Emerald mai haske. Green radish ba shi da caloric kuma ya ƙunshi ƙarin bitamin A. Abin da kawai zai iya amfani da shi shine rashin lafiyar rashin lafiyar.

Akwai kusan babu contraindications don amfanin kore radish

Wurin haihuwar farin radish shine Japan. Hakanan ana kiranta daikon. An kwatanta shi da dandano mai daɗin ɗanɗano na nama. Fata farar fata ne ko kirim. Abubuwan da ke cikin kalori ya ragu sosai, yayin daikon kwatankwacinsa da radish baki ya ƙunshi ƙarin bitamin.

Farin radish gaba daya bashi da halin halayen baƙin haushi

Iri-iri-iri daban-daban tsakanin shahararrun lambu

Babu wasu nau'ikan baƙar fata da yawa. Waɗannan su ne nau'ikan nau'ikan latti-ripening wanda aka yi niyyar ajiya na dogon lokaci. Amma akwai nau'ikan ripened na farko da na matsakaici. Mafi sau da yawa, lambu na Rasha suna girma da nau'ikan waɗannan:

• Jikin hunturu zagaye na baki. Tsohon da ya cancanci iri-iri, ya ci gaba a cikin USSR, a cikin 50s na karni na ashirin. Pronounarshe da aka ɗanɗano da dandano yana faruwa ne saboda yawan ƙwayar mustard mai muhimmanci. Tushen Tushen kuma ana saninsa da babban abun da ke cikin ma'adinan ma'adinai. Ana iya girbi girbi kwanaki 75-100 bayan fitowar, nau'ikan mallakar nau'in tsakiyar marigayi ne. Kimanin nauyin tushen amfanin gona shine 250-500 g. Mafi karancin rayuwar shiryayye shine watanni shida. Haka kuma akwai da yawa hunturu dogon baki radish. Daga bayanin da aka bayyana, ba ya bambanta a zahiri a cikin komai ban da kamannin amfanin gona mai tushe da ƙarin ƙwayar fibrous.
• Murzilka. Karshe. Lokacin girma shine kwana 90-100. Tushen amfanin gona a cikin siffar kusan ball na yau da kullun, ba ya girma sosai (9-10 cm a diamita da 225-300 g a nauyi). Fatar ta yi wuya, tare da tarar launin toka. Theun kuwa ba shi da kaifi. Radish wannan iri-iri ana adana har sai lokacin bazara.
• Rubutun. Girbi ya farfado cikin kwanaki 100-110, an rarrabe nau'ikan kamar marigayi. Tushen amfanin gona mai kamannin mahaifa ne, yana da nauyi kimanin 250 Gma samfurori daban-daban suna samun adadin 340-370 g. Jiki yana da taushi, mai daɗi.
• Dare. Sabuwar achievementan kwanan nan ta hanyar shayarwa. Da dama matsakaici ripening. Ana iya girbi girbi kwanaki 68-75 bayan fitowar shuka. Tushen Tushen ƙaramin ne (180-220 g), amma ya bambanta da kyakkyawan dandano. A radish zagaye, dan kadan flattened. Fata ya cika da baki. Naman yayi danko, mai cakuda, mai laushi sosai. An bambanta iri-iri ta hanyar kiyaye inganci da jigilar kayayyaki.
• Bakar mace. Ya dace da sabon amfani, har ma da ajiyar ajiya na dogon lokaci. Girbi ya farfado a cikin kwanaki 90-95. Tushen Tushen suna yaduwa ko zagaye. Rage nauyi ya bambanta daga 140 g zuwa 300 g. Dandano ba shi da kyau, amma babu abin da ya yi fice. Jiki ne mai mau kirim fari.
• Macijin baƙar fata. Wani zaɓi sabon zaɓi wanda ya shiga cikin Rajistar ofasa ta Federationungiyar Tarayyar Rasha kawai a cikin 2015. Dankin yana da lokacin girmar matsakaici, amfanin gona ya farfado cikin kwanaki 58-65. Tushen amfanin gona yana da elongated (12-17 cm tare da diamita na 4-5 cm), quite na bakin ciki, kaɗa ƙasa. Ku ɗanɗani ya yi fice. Matsakaicin matsakaiciyar radish shine 325 g. Pulunbin danshi yana da yawa, amma yana da saurin ɗaukar hankali.
• Mai warkarwa. Matsakaicin lokacin aji. Tushen Tushen ya girma cikin kwanaki 75-80. Radish ya kusan zagaye, yana ɗaukar kimanin 260 g. Gwanin yana da ban mamaki. Yawan aiki yana da kyau sosai - 4.2-4.5 kg / m². Ana iya adanar duk hunturu.
• Sarauniyar Spades. Girbi ya farfado cikin kwanaki 60-70 bayan fitowar shuka. Tushen amfanin gona yana da elongated, a cikin nau'i na Silinda. Matsakaicin matsakaiciyar radish shine 300-500. Jikin yana da kaifi kaɗan. Yawan aiki yana da girma - 4-6 kg / m². Daban-daban suna da tsayayya wa harbi, har ma a kan asalin "dangi" sun yi fice don kulawa ta ƙaranci.
• Grayvoronskaya. Wani nau'in gwada-gwada da aka haɗa a cikin Rijistar Jiha a cikin 60s na karni na ƙarshe. 'Ya'yan itãcen suna elongated, matsakaita nauyi kusan 300 g .. Ana yaba nau'ikan da yawa saboda ƙyamar su, ba tare da ɓarna mai yawa yana ɗaukar digo cikin zafin jiki ba. Wannan radish ya dace sosai don adanawa na dogon lokaci.
• Silinda. Ba a rarrabu iri-iri ta hanyar ingancin sa ba; har ma ana yin rijistar jihar don yawan abinci. Girbi ya farfado cikin kwanaki 62-73. Tushen amfanin gona yana da elongated, tare da nuna tip. Fata na da santsi, baƙar fata mai ɗorewa. Matsakaicin nauyin 'ya'yan itacen shine 170-210 g. Dandano ba shi da kyau, amma ba fice ba. Yawancin samfuri shima matsakaici ne - 1.7-3.6 kg / m². 'Ya'yan itãcen kusan ba crack.
• Tekun Baƙi. Ofaya daga cikin nau'ikan farko. Girbi ya farfado cikin kwanaki 65-70. Tushen amfanin gona mai matsakaici ne (200-250 g), kusan zagaye. Mutane samfurori daban-daban sun kai nauyin 500 g ko fiye. Dandalin ɓangaren litattafan almara mai kaifi ne, yana da yawa. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine 3.8-4.3 kg / m².

Hoton hoto: baƙar fata iri-iri iri-iri cikin shahararrun lambu

Tsarin rabuwar kai da hanyoyin shirya zama dole

Black radish ne sosai unpretentious. Wannan kuma ya shafi yanayin girma. Amma don samun girbi mai yawa, ana bada shawara don saurare duk da haka ga "buƙatun" al'adun. Bayan duk wannan, ta sa gaba ba da yawa daga cikinsu ba.

Dankin yana da sanyi mai tsauri, saboda haka yana da kyau ga namo a yawancin Rasha, ban da yankuna tare da yanayin Arctic. Tsaba ya girma riga a zazzabi na 3-5ºС. Tsire-tsire (har ma da ƙwayayen matasa) ba sa tsoron karɓar sanyi zuwa -6 ° C. Koyaya, yanayin zafi ƙasa na iya haifar da harbi. Samfuran manya suna jin daɗin kyau a 15-18ºС.

Samun girbi mai yawa na baƙar fata mai baƙar fata yana yiwuwa ne kawai idan tsire-tsire suna da isasshen hasken rana

Amma a lokaci guda, kuna buƙatar ku zabi lokacin daidai don saukowa. Duk wani nau'in radish shine tsire-tsire na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Idan ta sami haske sosai fiye da yadda ake bukata, wataƙila za ta shiga kibiya. Tsarin shuka ya isa sa'o'i 10-12 a rana.

Don kauce wa wannan, inda sauyin yanayi ya ba da izini, ana shuka tsaba a cikin gonar a farkon shekarun Afrilu ko ma a ƙarshen Maris, girbi kusa da tsakiyar bazara. Amma a yawancin yankuna na Russia wannan ba zai yiwu a zahiri ba. A kasar kawai ba shi da lokacin narke. A cikin Urals, Far East, a Siberiya, ana shuka radish lokacin da ranar ta riga ta faɗi, wato, bayan lokacin bazara (ranar ƙarshe shine 15 ga Yuli). Mutanen sun bada shawarar dasa radish a sati daya bayan hutun cocin na Trinity. Tushen amfanin gona sun tono a ƙarshen Satumba ko Oktoba. Kwarewa ya nuna cewa irin wannan radish ya fi karancin abin da aka girbe a lokacin bazara.

Shuka seedlings na baƙar fata radish ba shi da tasiri. Bugu da kari, al'adar ba ta yarda daukana da kuma dasawa da kyau ba. Sabili da haka, a mafi yawan lokuta, ana shuka tsaba kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude. Ana buƙatar shirya gado a faɗo.

An zaɓi yankin da aka zaɓa don zurfin game da shebur guda ɗaya. A bu mai kyau wuri ya yi rana. Black radish yayi nasarar tsira a cikin inuwa m, amma karancin haske yana haifar da faduwa da lalatawar amfanin gona. Tsire-tsire ba sa tsoron iska da magudan ruwa.

Kyakkyawan jiyya na ɗaya daga cikin buƙatun kaɗan don radish na ingancin ƙasa, don haka dole ne a haƙa ƙasa sosai

Mafi kyawun zaɓi don al'ada shine sako-sako, amma isasshen abinci mai gina jiki, wanda ke ba da izinin ruwa da iska su ratsa ta sosai. Wannan, alal misali, sierozem da loam. Amma baƙar fata baƙar fata ta cika da ƙasa na kowane inganci, ban da acidified da ruwan gishiri. Kuma idan na farko har yanzu za'a iya gyara ta hanyar ƙara lemun tsami, gari mai dolomite, an murƙushe shi har zuwa matsayin ƙyallen ƙabe ko ƙwai na ƙwai, to a yanayi na biyu dole ne a nemi sabon wuri. Hakanan, yana da kyau a yi idan ruwan karkashin kasa ya zo kusa da saman. Kodayake a wannan yanayin, yana iya adana ginin babban (aƙalla 40-45 cm).

Dolomite gari - deoxidizer na ƙasa na ƙasa, bisa ga shawarar sashi, ba shi da wani sakamako mai illa.

Idan kafin haka an shuka kowane kayan lambu a gonar, ba za a iya yin ciyawar da ƙasa ba. In ba haka ba, kuna buƙatar humus (2-3 kg / m²), superphosphate mai sauƙi (10-12 g / m²) da potassium sulfate (6-8 g / m²). Daga kayan miya na halitta, za a iya amfani da itacen ash sifted (gilashin ta 1 m²). Ana amfani da takin mai magani ba a lokaci daya tare da deoxidant ba, amma bayan jira makonni 2-2.5 bayan kawo ma'aunin acid-base zuwa tsaka tsaki. Fresh taki shi ne categorically ba dace da al'adu.Idan kun sanya shi a gonar, zai cutar da ɗanɗano na tushen amfanin gona, za su iya fasa. Haka ma, wannan kyakkyawar ƙasa kiwo ne na cututtukan cututtukan cututtuka da larvae na kwari masu cutarwa.

Humus - magani na ɗabi'a don haɓaka takin ƙasa

Yawancin nau'ikan radish suna samar da albarkatu masu girma sosai, don haka dole ne a samar da kowane ɗayansu tare da yankin da ake buƙata don abinci mai gina jiki. Idan suna zagaye ko kusa da hakan, ramuka a kan gado an yi su da tazara tsakanin 20-25 cm, suna riƙe da jeri na aƙalla 40 cm. Lokacin da aka dasa shuki na albarkatun ƙasa na cylindrical, ana iya rage nisan da ke tsakanin 4-5 cm. Don adana sarari a kan gado, baƙar fata an dasa radish a cikin tsarin kayan kwalliya. Wucewa mai yawa "cunkoso" yana tsokani harbi.

Matsakaici tsakanin tsirrai yakamata ya isa domin a bayar da kowane tushen amfanin gona tare da yankin da ake buƙata don abinci mai gina jiki

Kyakkyawan magabata don baƙar fata mai launin fata kusan duk wani kayan lambu ne da tsire-tsire masu tushe sai dai kawai da "dangi" daga iyalai Cruciferous, horseradish, ganye da beets na al'ada, karas. Idan ba'a lura da jujjuyawar amfanin gona ba, haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta yana karuwa sosai. Idan babu isasshen sarari a kan makircin, zaku iya "ƙara" al'adu zuwa tumatir, cucumbers, albasa, tafarnuwa, dankali.

Radish mummunan tsari ne na baƙar fata, kamar sauran Fastoci

Tsaba dole ne a shuka shuki preplant. Wannan ya zama dole don inganta germination da disinfection. Lokacin sayen, kula da ranar karewa. Tsaba fiye da shekara shida basu dace da dasa ba. Kaxan daga cikinsu zasu yi fure.

Tsaba na baƙar fata na dindindin na iya zama mai yiwuwa har shekara shida

Da farko dai, suna buƙatar a sakaya su a cikin maganin sodium chloride (8-10 g / l) na kimanin mintina 15-20. Hawan ruwa zuwa saman, zaku iya jefa shi nan da nan - wannan ɓoyayyen kwarya ne wanda babu kwayar cuta. Sauran da suka ragu an bushe da sieve ta hanyar sieve mai kyau, zaɓi mafi samfuran samfurori.

Soya a cikin ruwan gishiri yana taimakawa nan da nan zubar da '' kwandunan '' tsaba

Irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna nannade cikin nama tare da ruwa mai laushi na yau da kullun ko maganin biostimulant. Yana bushewa, ana bushe shi a kai a kai. Daga shirye-shiryen da aka sayi kantin sayar da kaya, Epin, potassium humate, za'a iya amfani da Zircon. Babu mafi muni da magunguna na mutane - ruwan 'ya'yan aloe, ruwanccenccen acid, ruwan shayi. Ana kiyaye tsaba a cikin ɗumi har sai sun kyankyasa.

Mataki na ƙarshe shine kamuwa da cuta. Suna soaked na rana guda cikin ruwa tare da ƙari da lu'ulu'u da yawa na potassium permanganate (zuwa kodadde mai launin shuɗi). Kuna iya rage lokacin sarrafawa zuwa mintina 15-20 idan kunyi amfani da kowane irin ƙwayar cuta ta asalin halitta (Alirin-B, Tiovit-Jet, Bayleton, Baikal-EM).

Maganin potassium mai lalacewa - daya daga cikin abubuwanda aka saba dasu

An dasa shuɗar radish a cikin ƙasa, zaɓar busasshen rani mai bushe. Tsaba suna da girma sosai, saboda haka bai kamata a sami matsala tare da wannan ba. A kasar gona kafin da kuma bayan dasa shuki baki radish ne matsakaici moistened. Ana binne su a cikin ƙasa ta iyakar tsawon cm 2-3. Daga sama, an yayyafa ramuka tare da wani yanki na bakin ciki na ƙasa mai ko humus hade da yashi. Wasu lambu suna ba da shawarar mulching dukan lambun, amma wannan ba lallai ba ne. Sa'an nan kuma an haɗa ƙasa da ɗan gado kuma an rufe gado tare da fim ɗin filastik. Lingsalingsyan itace daga seedsan da aka shuka suna bayyana bayan kwanaki 3-4, in ba haka ba kuna buƙatar jira mako guda ko ƙari kaɗan.

Black rasish tsaba tsiro da sauri da kuma massively

Ana ba da shawara ga masanan lambu da su shuka tsaba 2-3 a cikin kowane rijiya. Wannan zai taimaka a nan gaba don kauce wa "mudurori" a cikin gonar, idan ba dukkan su sun fito ba. Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka samar da ganye na gaskiya guda biyu waɗanda ke lalacewa a baya a cikin haɓaka, maras kyau, an yanke seedlings mai rauni ko kuma yatsunsu tare da yatsunsu kamar yadda zai yiwu zuwa matakin ƙasa. Abu ne wanda ba a ke so a cire su ba domin kar a lalata tsarin tsarin da aka zaba.

Bidiyo: dasa shuki iri na baƙar fata a ƙasa

Shawara don girma baki radish

Shuka baki baƙar fata ba zai buƙaci ƙoƙarin allahntaka daga lambu ba. A zahiri, kulawar amfanin gona yana gangara zuwa weeding gadaje, lokaci-lokaci yana kwance ƙasa da amfani da takin zamani sau da yawa a lokacin. Babban bangaren fasahar noma shine kyakkyawan ruwa.

Mulching kasar gona yana taimakawa ajiyar lokaci akan weeding. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a cika gado na lambu tare da wani yanki na humus, ƙwanƙwarar peat, da ciyawa da aka yanke a ƙarshen cm 2 cm. Kuma ciyawa tana riƙe da danshi a cikin ƙasa, zai baka damar ƙara haɓaka tsakanin ruwa. Gaskiya ne gaskiya ga waɗannan lambu waɗanda basu da damar yin madawwama a cikin maƙarƙashiya.

Tushen albarkatun baƙar fata, baƙar fata, da bambanci ga fari da kore, ba 'kumbura' daga ƙasa yayin da suke girma, bi da bi, tsire-tsire ba sa buƙatar sake ƙasan

Lokacin girma don baƙon baƙi na dogon lokaci ne, amma kawai yana buƙatar sutura biyu ko uku a kowace kakar. Yana da kyau a yi amfani da takin mai ma'adinai - daga kwayoyin halitta, musamman idan ana amfani dashi fiye da dole, an kafa tushen fibrous da yawa a maimakon cibi ɗaya, bi da bi, kuma 'ya'yan itacen sun lalace.

Al'adar ta dace da duk takaddun takaddun shuka don amfanin gona. Babu wani riguna na musamman na musamman don radish, saboda haka zaka iya zaɓar daga takin zamani don kayan lambu. Mafi na kowa daga cikinsu su ne Aelita, Kemira-Lux, Novofert, Master. Lokaci na farko an ƙara abubuwan gina jiki a cikin lokaci na samuwar ganye na gaskiya na huɗu, sannan bayan kwanaki 20-25.

Duk wani taki na duniya don amfanin gona mai tushe ya dace da launin radish

Dole ne suturar da ta ƙarshe ta ƙarshe ta zama dole ta ƙunshi potassium. Ya dogara da shi yadda tushen kayan amfanin gona ke da daɗi da laushi. Duk wani magani banda potassium chloride ya dace - wannan ma'adinin ba shi da ƙaunar sosai. Kuma zaka iya amfani da ash na itace na itace a bushe ko kuma kamar jiko. Takin yana gudana kimanin makonni uku kafin a tsammaci matalin tushen amfanin gona.

Wood ash - asalin halitta asalin potassium da phosphorus

Ya isa ya zuba mafi yawancin nau'ikan ripening tare da bayani mai gina jiki sau biyu - bayan an kirkiro ganye na biyu na biyu kuma bayan wasu kwanakin 8-10. A cikin halayen guda biyu, takin dole ne ya ƙunshi nitrogen.

Duk wani radish shine tsire-tsire masu ƙauna. Tare da ƙarancin ruwa, amfanin gona ya zama ƙarami, fatar ta zama mara nauyi, naman ya zama “itace”, ya yi asara cikin juiciness, yana da ɗaci sosai, kuma voids suna bayyana a ciki. Amma ba za ku iya cika shi ba. Wannan tsokani da ci gaban tushen rot. Rashin ruwa sosai bayan tsawon tsawan "fari" har yanzu ba'a bada shawarar ba. In ba haka ba, tushen amfanin gona yana iya fashewa.

Watering yana da matukar muhimmanci ga haɓakar fata na baƙar fata, wannan ya shafi duka matasa biyu da kuma samfuran manya

An shayar da nau'ikan farkon da matsakaici a kowace rana ta 6-8. Tabbas, wannan kuma ya dogara da yanayin waje. A cikin zafi, ragin da ke tsakanin hanyoyin an rage shi zuwa kwanaki 2-3, kuma idan ya yi ruwan sama koyaushe, radish na iya yi da hazo na halitta. Don nau'in-bishe na marigayi, watanni biyu bayan fitowan, tsaran da ke tsakanin ban ruwa yana ƙaruwa zuwa makonni 2-3. Wajibi ne cewa tushen amfanin gona ya zama juicier, kuma nama - m, ba na ruwa.

Mafi kyawun lokacin don hanya shine maraice bayan faɗuwar rana ko sanyin safiya. Idan kuna da ikon fasaha, yana da kyawawa don tsara ban ruwa na ruwa - wannan yana ba ku damar rigar ƙasa a ko'ina. Adadin yawan amfani da ruwa shine 10-15 l / m². Hakanan zaka iya sha da radish daga mayukan ruwa, tiyo.

Kimanin sa'a daya bayan an sha ruwa, idan an riga an tuna da danshi, yana da kyau a sassauta gado. Wannan yana lalata ɓataccen ɓawon burodi a kan ƙasa kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga mafi kyawun amfanin gonar.

Kwararrun lambu bayar da shawarar dan kadan loosening tushen amfanin gona yayin namo radishes sau ɗaya a mako. Wannan yana taimakawa kawar da tushen tushe. Kamar yadda aikace-aikacen ya nuna, kayan lambu wanda ke ci kawai ta hanyar tushen tushe ya fi girma kuma ya fi juer, yana da siffar yau da kullun.

Bidiyo: girma bakar fata

Al'adu-hankula cututtuka da kwari

Black radish ta yanayi yana da kyakkyawan rigakafi. Sabili da haka, da wuya ya sha wahala daga cututtukan fungal. Banda shi ne busasshen tsire-tsire ko tsire-tsire waɗanda aka shayar da su sau da yawa da / ko kuma yalwa. A mafi yawan hatsari cututtuka ga al'adu:

• Powdery Mildew A Layer na whitish plaque a cikin ganye, yayi kama yafa gari. A hankali, ya yi “kauri” da canza launi zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Ganyen da abin ya shafa ya bushe kuma ya mutu.
• Kila. Abin mummuna yana haɓaka a kan tushen shuka. Bangaren da ke sama ya bushe.
• Tushen rot. "Rigar" baƙar fata mai launin ruwan kasa-ƙasa a gindin tushen amfanin gona da kuma akan ganyen ganye. Kayan da aka shafa sun yi laushi, sun zama mai laushi ga taɓawa, ƙanshi mai daɗi ba sa fitowa daga gare su. Wataƙila bayyanar zaren ƙirar a kan amfanin gona.

Hoto a hoto: alamu kamannin cututtukan fata masu radish

Daga cikin cututtukan da ke sama, kawai ana iya gano millenw foda a farkon matakin. Bayyanar cututtukan da suka rage a jikin sassan iska na bayyana ne kawai lokacin da ci gaban su ya riga ya tafi zuwa yanzu. Kuma keel bai amsa magani ba ta hanyoyin zamani.

Sabili da haka, ya kamata a kula da kulawa ta musamman don rigakafin. Fasahar aikin gona tana da mahimmanci. Bugu da kari, yana da amfani da turbaya da tsirrai da ƙasa a kan gado tare da katako, ash, kuma ƙara lu'ulu'u da yawa na potassium permanganate a cikin ruwa don ban ruwa lokaci-lokaci. Tsire-tsire da kansu za a iya fesa su tare da mafita na colloidal sulfur ko ash ash, wanda aka narkar da shi tare da ruwa kefir tare da ƙari na aidin. Don magance powdery mildew yi amfani da shirye-shiryen jan ƙarfe - fungicides. Yana da kyau a ba da fifiko ga asalin asalin ƙirar halitta. Amma akwai kuma "tsoffin da suka cancanci" kwayoyi, inganci wanda aka gwada ta ƙarni ɗaya na lambu. Wannan, alal misali, ruwa na Bordeaux, sulfate na farin ƙarfe, oxychloride na tagulla.

Kada ku bar samfurori masu kamuwa da cuta a cikin lambun. Wannan shine tushen yaduwar ƙwayar cuta ta pathogenic. Suna buƙatar a ja su tare da ƙona su da wuri-wuri. Yana da kyau a zubar da ƙasa a wannan wurin tare da haske mai ƙarfi na rasberi na ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ko 5% sulfate for disinfection.

Mafi yawancin kwari kewaye da baki radish. Suna kawai ba sa son ganye da kayan lambu masu tushe, wanda babban haɓakar mai mai ke faruwa. Amma akwai wadanda wannan bai hana ba.

• Kishi mai gurnani. Babban kuma mafi hatsarin amfanin gona kwaro. Kololuwar ayyukanta yana faruwa ne a daidai lokacin da fitowar fararen baƙar fata ke tashi. Matasan seedlings na ƙananan baƙar fata, ƙyalli a cikin rana, sun sami damar hallaka gaba ɗaya, ganyen plantsan tsirrai na juyawa zuwa wani abu mai kama da sieve. Don rigakafin, ƙasa a kan gado, da zaran farkon seedlings ya bayyana, an yayyafa shi tare da cakuda ash tare da ganyen busasshiyar ciyawa da barkono ƙasa. Tsire-tsire da kansu ana alkama musu da alli.
• Larvae na karas tashi. Mace sa ƙwai a cikin ƙasa. Hatching larvae ci greenery da lalata fata na tushen amfanin gona. Don karewa daga manya, zaren rataye don kama kwari ko yanki na kwali, plywood, mai rufi tare da manne mai bushewa mai bushewa, zuma, man fetur, an rataye shi kusa da gado. Ana shayar da ƙasa a cikin lambu lokaci-lokaci tare da jiko na albasa ko tafarnuwa shooters. Bayan samo larvae, an feshe radish da sabulu suds tare da ruwa tare da soda ash ko mustard foda. Idan babu wani sakamako daga magungunan jama'a, sanya Confidor-Maxi, Admiral, Tanrek.
• Matsawa. Shellfishes na hana llsa'yan itaciyar suna cin manyan ramuka na ganye da albarkatun gona. Matasa seedlings za a iya hallaka gaba ɗaya. Tsarin murfin laushi mai laushi mai laushi ya kasance a farfajiya. Don rigakafin, ganye mai yaji, furanni tare da wari mai ƙanshi ana dasa su tare da gefen gado ko a cikin hanyoyin. Hakanan za'a iya amfani dasu azaman kayan albarkatun don shirye-shiryen infusions, wanda lokaci-lokaci ke feshi da tsire-tsire kansu da ƙasa a gonar. An kara ash da yashi a tushe mai tushe; kwayoyi ko ƙamshi mai ƙwanƙwasa zuwa ƙasa mai yalwa. Ana tura lu'uluƙin da taimakon tarkuna - tankunan da aka haƙa a cikin ƙasa, cike da giya, kvass, jam, fermented jam, yankakken ganyen kabeji. Hakanan ana amfani da tarin rubutun. Ana amfani da kemikal (Meta, Girma, Sludge) ne kawai idan anyi mamayewa. Koyaya, wannan yakan faru da wuya.

Hoton hoto: menene kwari da haɗari don baƙar fata keɓaɓɓu

Girbi da adanawa

Iri na launin baƙar fata na fari da na matsakaici, wanda aka dasa a cikin bazara, yawanci ana girbe a tsakiyar bazara. Yana da wanda ba a ke so yin shakka tare da wannan - tushen overripe amfanin gona zama mara nauyi da kuma flabby. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, waɗannan nau'ikan ba za su iya yin fahariyar kiyaye inganci ba, saboda haka ana adana su a cikin firiji, cikin jakar filastik tare da buɗewa don samun iska. Tushen kayan lambu riƙe da ɗanɗanonta ya ɗanɗana da ɗanɗano na kwanaki na 18-25. A dakin zafin jiki - a kalla tsawon mako.

Late radish dole ne a girbe a bushe weather. Dole ne a kammala aikin kafin sanyi na farko. Girbi yakan fara faruwa ne a watan Oktoba. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari waɗanda aka fallasa zuwa yanayin daskarewa da sauri rot.

Dole ne a sarrafa girbi na baƙar fata don cire kafin sanyi na farko

Sannan aka barsu a cikin lambun tsawon sa'o'i da yawa don ƙasa ta manne wa tushen amfanin gonar ta bushe. Bayan haka, an tsabtace kayan lambu na ƙasa kuma a sa ido a hankali. Don ajiyar tsawon lokaci, kawai waɗanda ba su da ƙarancin lalacewa na fata - na inji ko burbushi na lalacewa ta hanyar cututtuka, kwari, sun dace.

Bayan bushewa, baƙar fata tushen radish suna da sauƙin sauƙin tsaftacewa daga datti.

A zaɓar amfanin gona da aka zaɓa, an yanke fiɗa da ƙananan Tushen kuma an shimfiɗa su a kan kwalaye na katako ko kwali. Kasancewar ramuka ta zama tilas. Saboda haka 'ya'yan itãcen ba su saduwa da juna, suna yafa masa da rigar yashi, peat kwakwalwan kwamfuta, shavings, sawdust, finely tattered newsprint.

Kafin kwanciya don ajiya a cikin tushen albarkatun gona na baƙar fata, ba lallai bane a yanke fiɗa

Adana baƙar fata na radish a cikin ginshiki, cellar, sauran ɗakin duhu mai kyau tare da samun iska mai kyau. An kiyaye zafin jiki a matakin 2-3ºС. A cikin tushen tsirrai masu ɗumi suna tashi da sauri. Ana buƙatar babban zafi - 80% ko fiye. A wannan tsari, tushen kayan amfanin gona zai yi kwanciyar hankali akalla har zuwa ƙarshen Janairu. A wasu nau'ikan, rayuwar shiryayye ya fi tsayi - radish ba ta lalacewa har sai lokacin bazara.

Black radish ne mai matukar unpretentious da lafiya lafiya amfanin gona. Shuka shi a kan na mutum mãkirci ga ƙarfi ko da novice lambu. Ba ta da wasu buƙatu na musamman don yanayin narkar, amma don tattara girbin da yawa, yana da kyau duk da haka a saurari fewan “buri”.