Freesia ko freesia (freesia) - tsire-tsire na tsiro herbaceous cikin dangin iris. Kakanninta na daji suna girma a Afirka ta Kudu, a kan iyakar Cape Territory. A gida, furen ya samar da dunƙule akan ƙasa mai zafi a tsakanin tsirrai. Godiya ga kwatancen likitan kasar Jamus Friedrich Frieze a karni na 19, ya zama ya zama sanannen fure a Turai, an kuma sanya sunan wannan tsiron.
Bayanin Shuka
Freesia fure ce mai ƙanshi mai ban mamaki kuma ana amfani dashi don ƙirƙirar turare mai ƙarewa. Ya danganta da iri-iri, yana iya jin warin kamar freshness itace, Lily na kwari, peony or citrus note. Porirar "fareti" na fure-fure yana ba furen fure taushin ban mamaki. Wataƙila, hanya ce da ta sa waɗanda suka kirkiro kayan keɓe don ba da alamarsu da sunan Freesia Light.
Menene shuka
Freesia furanni
Furannin wannan kyakkyawan na Afirka masu kamun kai ne, tare da furanni masu santsi ko na fure biyu. Launinsu na iya zama lilac, rawaya, lemo. Duk da yawancin nau'ikan iri, akwai abubuwa na gama gari don duka na su:
- inflorescences ne haɗin kai, ɗan ƙarami a gindi;
- ganye suna da madauri, suna fitowa daga tushe;
- kara daga 20 cm zuwa mita 1;
- mai laushi, kara mai tushe;
- 'ya'yan itace akwatin.
A cikin bouquet, furanni freesia sunyi kyau na kwanaki 10, don haka shuka ya shahara sosai tare da masu furen fure kamar amfanin gona da aka yanke. Ana amfani da farin 'freesia' a cikin kayan fure. Amarya sukan hada ta da wani shiri na fure domin yin bikin aure.
Mahimmanci! Nish, fure mai haske sunyi nasara ga yawancin lambu da masu zanen kaya. Idan kuna kula da shuka yadda ya kamata, to, zai gamsar da masu shi na dogon lokaci akan windowsill da flowerbed.
Daga cikin sanannun nau'ikan freesia 20 na kiwo, guda uku ne kawai suke dacewa:
- Freesia Armstrong. Tsawon lokacin harbin yakai kusan cm 80. Furannin suna da kararrawa-dimbin yawa a fuskoki daban-daban: ja, mulufi; An tattara guda 3-5. Yana tono daga Mayu zuwa Yuni;
- Freesia yaudara. Harbi har zuwa 40 cm, kowannensu yana da inflorescences 3-4, fure a bazara. Abubuwan fure suna da fari ko lemo;
- Jiki freesia. Shi ne mafi so daga masu furannin fure. Dajin sa har zuwa 1 m tsayi kuma an yi masu shege. Ita ce samfurin haɓakar kuɗaɗen Armstrong da na karya. Inflorescence na manyan, m furanni na purple, rasberi, rawaya.
A cikin dukkanin nau'ikan ukun akwai wakilai na al'ada da na terry. Tsoffin suna da layi daya na fure, terry freesia - 2 ko fiye da layuka. Freesia mix ana samunsa sau da yawa akan siyarwa - wannan cakuda iri ne, wanda ake kira haɗuwa.
Mahimmanci! Kwanan nan, nau'in dashed ya zama tartsatsi, a cikin abin da lokacin farin ciki tube wani izinin tafiya akan babban sautin fure.
Wadannan nau'ikan freesia sun shahara tare da masu girbi fure:
| Digiri | Bayanin |
| Cardinal | Furannin furanni masu launin ja ba terry bane |
| Yar rawa | Freesia Ballerina tana da tushe mai kyau da filayen fata. |
| Apollo | Snow-farin furanni mai launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi |
| Pimperina | Pedarancin fa'idodin 20-25 cm, a cikin inflorescence na 6 furanni masu duhu duhu da rawaya furanni, ƙanshin ba a furta |
| Freesia Biyu Fararen | Harbe har zuwa 30 cm ba ga tsayi, terry petals, fari |
| Helsinki | Perianth purple tare da shunayya mai launin shuɗi da alamar rawaya a ƙasan furen, tsakiyar tare da shunayya mai launin shuɗi |
| Stockholm | Tumbin bulo na fure tare da alamomin terracotta akan keɓaɓɓun, daɗaɗɗu na fure |
| Red Lyon | Furanni masu launin shuɗi mai haske tare da amai mai cike da launi |
| Mafi Kyawun Orange | Furanni mai haske mai haske tare da fasalinn ƙasa mai kyau |
| White swan | Furen furanni tare da kirim, dashes purple |
Girma Freesia daga tsaba
Abubuwan Freesia suna da kullun zagaye, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Sun yi toya na guda 2-3 a cikin akwati ɗaya (kwaf). Da ikon shuka, sun riƙe har zuwa shekaru 3.
Yadda ake girma daga zuriya
Kafin dasa shuki, ana saka nutsuwa cikin nutsuwa mai ruwan hoda na manganese kuma an shimfiɗa shi ya bushe akan adon adon ƙarfe. Sannan suna sosai tsawon awanni 24 a cikin tsaftataccen ruwa a zazzabi na 18 ° C kuma an shuka shi cikin zurfin ƙasa ta hanyar 0.6-1 cm. Don girma, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da injinan da aka rufe polyethylene ko fim. Danshi a ciki yakamata ya zama 60-70%, da zazzabi - kimanin 22ºС. Tsalle-tsalle daga cikin waɗannan alamun ba a so. Ya kamata a kwashe iska sau biyu a rana tare da fesa ruwa da ruwa. An sanya akwatin a cikin wuri mai laima inda duhun dare ke mulki. Kwana 10 bayan dasawa, ya kamata seedlings ya bayyana.
Saukowa
Dasa harbe a cikin tukwane ne da za'ayi bayan bayyanar ganye biyu, da nisa tsakanin su ya kamata a kiyaye akalla 50 mm. Da farko na zafi - canja shi zuwa bude ƙasa. A cikin yankin zama, ana yin shuka ne a cikin Maris. Shekara guda bayan haka, ta ranar mata ta duniya, ya kamata shuka ya yi fure.
Lokacin girma seedlings, wasu sharudda ya kamata a lura:
- bayyanar harbe ya kamata ya kasance tare da rage yawan zafin jiki don shuka zuwa 8-10ºС;
- tsire-tsire masu daukar hoto ne, kuma tare da raguwa cikin sa'o'in hasken rana, ana buƙatar ƙarin haske har zuwa awanni 12 / rana;
- hasken rana kai tsaye kada ya kasance;
- m watering shawarar;
- shuka ba ya son zayyana.
Mahimmanci! Bayan bayyanar sprouts, freesia ya kamata a ciyar dashi tare da nitonium nitrate (10 g da 5 l na ruwa). Bayan haka, sau 5 a kowane sati 2-3, ana ƙara dafa abinci mai kaza (1:20) tare da ƙari 10 g na potassium nitrate a cikin 5 l na ruwa.
Saukowa daga waje
Freesia yana da halin juriya sanyi. Shekaru 10 da suka gabata an girma shi a cikin matattarar tsire-tsire, yanzu an horar da shi a cikin lambuna, har ma a arewa maso yammacin Rasha. Saukowa daga freesia da kulawa a cikin ƙasa takamaiman tsari ne:
- kuna buƙatar saka idanu da zazzabi;
- ya kamata a sarrafa kwararan hasken rana;
- m watering da muhimmanci.
Don sha'awar furanni a cikin flowerbed a ƙarshen bazara, kuna buƙatar dasa tubers a cikin kofuna peat a farkon Afrilu. Kafin wannan, kwararan fitila suna daɗaɗɗe don rabin sa'a a cikin 0.2% bayani na tusheazole, an dasa zurfin 4-6 cm zurfi. Ya kamata a yi ɗanɗano su na ɗan lokaci a kan baranda da ke cike da lit. An dasa shi a waje da wuraren ba a farkon Mayu ba, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki na iska ya tashi har zuwa 10ºС.
Shuka kwanakin
Ana sanya Freesias tare da maɓuɓɓugar a nesa na 6 cm daga juna, mulched tare da peatlized peat, don kiyaye danshi. Kwararrun furanni kwararru don ingantaccen ci gaba a cikin ramuka dasa suna gabatar da cakuda yashi da baƙin ƙarfe 1: 1. Ciyar da shuka zai fi dacewa kowane mako biyu tare da superphosphate (30 g da guga na ruwa).
Mahimmanci! Matsayi don dasa fure freesia kada ta kasance cikin iska, inuwa mai son sha'awa ce. Duniya tana buƙatar sako-sako, iska mai-kyau da danshi.
Freesia wata shuka ce wacce ba ta yarda da hasken rana kai tsaye, wanda hakan na iya haifar da konewa. Mai rauni mai tushe na matasa harbe bukatar a propped sama, abin da suke amfani da raga. Dasa tsire a lokuta daban-daban zai samar da fure daga bazara zuwa ƙarshen kaka. Tare da farko na sanyi, ana iya dasa bishiyar freesia a cikin tukunya. Kuma a cikin dakin zai yi farin cikin idanun maigidan na dogon lokaci.
Kula da Freesia a gonar
Yadda ake shayar da shuka
Ofaya daga cikin yanayin don cikakkiyar kulawa da haɓakar freesia shine ciyarwa mai kyau na kyakkyawa. Yana da mahimmanci a kula da jijiyar danshi na ƙasa, musamman makonni biyu na farko. Bai kamata a girgiza ƙasa, bushewa ma ba a ke so ba. Mafi yawan watering ake bukata a lokacin da kwanciya harbe da kuma lokacin da shuka fara Bloom. Don dalilai na rigakafi, don hana rot, cututtuka, furanni freesia suna shayarwa kafin abincin dare. Da maraice, harbe ya kamata ya bushe gaba ɗaya.
Yadda ake ruwa
Kiwo Freesia
Furen yana yaduwa tare da corms da tsaba. A cikin kwan fitila, ana ajiye adadin abinci mai gina jiki da suka wajaba don ciyar da sabuwar harka. A tsohuwar ƙwayar cuta a watan Satumba-Oktoba, an kafa yara (4-5 inji. Kowace), kuma kwan fitila da kanta an sake haihuwa. A cikin kakar mai zuwa suna buƙatar rabu da dasa su daban, don girma. Don haka tare da haifuwar bulbous - babu matsaloli.
Freesia yana yaduwa tare da tsaba tare da ƙarancin iri kuma don ciyar da sababbin iri. Wannan tsari ne mai rikitarwa kuma ba abin dogaro ba.
Cutar da kwari
Lokacin da aka horar da shi a yankin, ana yawan kai farmaki fure: aphids, gizo-gizo gizo da ciyawa. A wannan yanayin, ana buƙatar magani tare da maganin kwari (Iskra, Fitoverm).
Mahimmanci! Babu magunguna na zahiri da zai ceci tsire-tsire da kuka fi so daga ƙwayoyin kwari da na gizo-gizo. Yana da ma'ana don ɓata lokaci, har yanzu dole ne ku nemi sunadarai.
Karin kwari
Bayyanar fusarium, rot ko scab a jikin harbe yana nufin kawai an dasa shukar ne kamar yadda bai dace ba. Ya kamata a shayar da furanni Freesia tare da ruwa mai ɗumi bayan daidaitawa. Kada a yi ciyawar tsire-tsire don iska ta yi "tafiya" da yardar kaina, ba a bada shawarar yin shayar da dare ba.
Mahimmanci! Useswayoyin cuta ma kan haifar da rawaya da mutuƙar ganye. Ya kamata a cire tsire-tsire da aka shafa nan da nan daga jimlar adadin furanni kuma a ƙone su.
Kula da ruwa
Cikakken blooming mai yiwuwa ne kawai tare da tsananin zazzabi iko. A cikin makonni 6 na farko, ya kamata ya kasance kusan 22 ° C, kuma kafin fure - an rage zuwa 10-15 ° C.
Freesia furanni suna da nauyi sosai, wannan shine dalilin da yasa ake buƙatar dasa harbe a lokacin fure. Don yin wannan, yana da kyau a shimfiɗa igiya akan gadaje. Kyakkyawan dasa tsire-tsire 5 cm daga juna, kuma an bada shawara don kula da aƙalla 15 cm tsakanin layuka .. A wannan lokacin, ana buƙatar samar da ruwa mai aiki sosai. Koyaya, wanda ya isa ya manta cewa freesia yana da lahani a cikin tsaftar ruwa.
Freesia bayan fure
Ta yaya kuma lokacin tattara tsaba
Don tattara tsaba daga shuka, an kera shi da wucin gadi. Bayan fure, kwalaye na iri a kanta. Dole ne a bar su a kan shuka har sai sun cika cikakke, i.e. kuma bayan furen sun faɗi. Ya kamata ku jira har akwatunan sun zama launin ruwan kasa mai duhu da rauni - wannan shine lokacin tattarawa. Mafi sau da yawa, suna bushe a wuri mai dumi akan takarda ko saucer, daga rana, suna haɗuwa akai-akai. Adana tsaba a cikin ambulaf takarda, tabbas za ku sa hannu.
Shirye-shiryen hunturu
A tsakanin makonni 3-5 bayan fure, lokaci ya yi don tarawar yara a cikin kwararan fitila - kayan don tsirrai masu zuwa. Lokacin da furanni suka rasa ƙawatarsu, an tsage su har tsire-tsire basu ɓace abubuwan gina jiki a banza ba kuma iri ne yake faruwa ba, amma ana ci gaba da yin shuru har zuwa wata guda.
Mahimmanci! Ba a cire ganyen bariki zuwa na ƙarshe ba, suna ciyar da kwararan fitila na dogon lokaci.
Freesia tubers a Rasha (musamman Urals, Siberiya) ba hunturu a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Bayan yellowing na harbe, an yanke, kwararan fitila sama. Makonni 2 kafin a cire shi daga ƙasa, an rage ruwa kuma a rage zafin jiki. An adana su ta hanyar sanya su cikin jaka na lilin a cikin laima na 65% da zazzabi na 28-30ºС. Don madaidaicin yawan danshi a cikin iska, ana sanya akwati na ruwa kusa da wurin ajiyar. Watanni uku sun isa ga "hutawa" na tubers. Bayan wannan lokacin, ana iya shirya kwararan fitila don dasa.
Yadda ake shirya shuka don hunturu
Yi amfani da zane mai faɗi
Freesia baƙi ce maraba da kyau a kowane shigarwa wuri mai faɗi. Yana cikin buƙatu kuma sananne ne a cikin ƙirar lawns, lambuna na dutse, gadaje na fure, wuraren haɗuwa. Yanzu mafi yawan lokuta ana amfani da nau'ikan matasan. Yawancin masu zanen fili, lokacin da aka tambaye su wane fure zai iya haɗawa da tsarin rikice-rikice da alaƙa, nuna alamar freesia. Sau da yawa ana shuka shi tare da ganye: thyme, lavender, Rosemary. Furanni ana yin furanni a tukwane, furannin furanni, kuma an ɗauke su don ado arbor, terraces, baranda. Zai dace cewa irin wannan ado na iya zama a ɓoye a cikin gida lokacin da sanyi ya shigo.
Kimanin shekaru 10, a cewar masu furen fulawa na Dutch, freesia tana matsayi na shida cikin jerin shahara a kasuwar furen. Duk wannan saboda alherinsa ne, launuka iri-iri da palon ƙanshin abinci.
