Violet na gandun daji ko Viola (daga Latin Viola) itace madaidaiciya, kyakkyawa mai kyau da kyawawan fure na arewacin latitude. Bayanan daban-daban sun bayyana daga nau'ikan 500 zuwa 700 na wannan gandun daji na dangin Violet. Suna girma ne musamman a Arewacin Hemisphere a cikin yankuna masu yanayin sanyi.
Wurin haifuwar shuka shine Gabashin Afirka. A karo na farko a wurin nunin, an nuna Viola a shekarar 1893. Tun daga nan, aka fara zaɓar furanni na fure.
Ana samun yawancin nau'ikan a Arewacin Amurka da Japan. Amma violet na daji yana haɓaka a Andes, Australia da New Zealand. Varietiesananan nau'ikan da suka bunkasa - Pansies - sun fi yawa a Rasha.
Ciyawar ciyawar daji iri daban daban tana da kayan magani.
Bayanin Maganin Dajin
A inji ne perennial, low, creeping. Motsin kafaffu sun yi daidai har zuwa 15 cm a tsayi. Manda rhizomes na kowace shekara suna ba da sabon harbe, wanda akan kafa matasa rosettes na ganye. Kwafi daya na iya girma cikin shekaru biyu kuma ya mamaye yanki na 1 m2.
A violet ba shi da tushe, ganyayyaki masu ƙanana ne da manyan zagaye, mai kamannin zuciya, gwargwadon nau'in, ana tattara su cikin rosette. Karamin ganyen ganye yana da girma sama da babba. A cikin hunturu, ganye ba su mutu a kashe, hunturu a dusar ƙanƙara. Yin jimrewa da sanyi yana taimaka musu cewa ganyayyaki suna da matukar kyau a duk faɗin ƙasa.
Furanni masu furen fure biyar ne, masu launuka iri-iri, masu kyan gaske. Smallananan - har zuwa 1.5 cm a diamita. Wasu suna da ƙanshi mai daɗi, mai ƙanshi, mai daɗi. Warin yana da ƙarfi sosai safe da yamma. Da kyar yaji kamshi da zafi.
Launi ya fara daga shuɗi mai launin shuɗi da shuɗi mai haske, ga shunayya da ruwan lemo. Babban shine mafi yawan launuka masu launin shuɗi kusa da fararen fata.
Blolog violet blooms a watan Afrilu, lokacin da matasa ganye ba tukuna bayyana. Fulawa tayi har zuwa watan Satumba. Wild viola hidima a matsayin zuma shuka, amma da kanta ba ya bukatar extranous pollination. Propagated vegetatively.
A cikin kaka, akwatin witha withan tare da ƙanana, m, tsaba launin ruwan kasa.
Iri Rikicin Dazuka
A cikin Rasha, a cikin vivo akwai kusan nau'ikan 20:
| Take | Girma | Bayanin furanni | Lokacin tashi |
| Tricolor (Pansies) | A cikin gandun daji da karkara - a kan arable ƙasar, a cikin gidajen lambu, kamar ciyawa. | Manyan furannin guda biyu shudi ne, kasan uku fararen fata ne, asalinsu rawaya ne. | Mayu - Satumba |
| Kare | A gefuna, a cikin mafi yawan matasa shoot da kuma a fagen. | Smallarami, har ma da shuɗi. | Mayu |
| Marsh | Wuraren damshi - ba wai fadama kadai ba, har ma dazuzzukan daji da suke da yawa, ambaliyar ruwa. | Haske mai launin shuɗi, kusan fari tare da duhu jijiyoyi. | Mayu - Agusta |
| Filin | Firam, murna na daji, gefen gandun daji, gefen titi. | Mai kama da Tricolor, amma fari, ƙaramin tare da bakin rawaya mai haske. Tsawon sama ya kai cm 30. | Afrilu - Satumba |
| M | Dajin | Violet, shuɗi mai haske, tare da ƙanshin mai daɗi mai daɗi. | Afrilu - Mayu. |
| Altai | Tsaunin dutse. | Violet-blue tare da tsakiyar rawaya. Tsawonsa ya kai 20 cm. | Tun daga ƙarshen watan Afrilu 40-45. An maimaita ta a watan Satumba har sai da dusar ƙanƙara ta fari. |
| Rawaya | Soasa mai daushen filaye, dazuzukan da ke samun iska mai kyau. | Rawaya mai launin shuɗi, mai haske. A bayan furannin kuma furanni masu launin shuɗi ne. | Yuni - Yuli. |
| Dutsen | A cikin gandun daji mai haske, a cikin kwari mai buɗe, a ƙarƙashin bushes. | Haske mai haske, kullun lilac, mai kamshi. Manyan, kan tsayin daka. | Mayu - Yuni. |
| Incised | Arshen Siberiya. A wasu wuraren ba a samo su ba. | Haske mai haske, mai kwalliya, an tashe shi sama da daji. Suna kama da cyclamen a sifa. | Yuni - Yuli. |
| Aetolian | Wuraren gari, yankan ƙasa, kwararan dutse. | Abubuwan fure na sama sune rawaya, ƙananan shine orange. | Tun daga Mayu da duk lokacin bazara. |
| Dubravna (tsauni) | A cikin yankin Turai na Rasha, a gindin dutsen Caucasus, a kudancin Siberiya. | Haske mai launin shuɗi, mai kama da furanni na violet na kare, amma ya fi girma, kuma tushe yana da girma - har zuwa 25 cm. | Mayu - Yuli. |
| Peach ganye (kandami) | Yana da wuya a tsakiya da wasu yankuna Siberiya. | Dogon tsalle, kananan furanni na halayyar fari mai launin shuɗi tare da shuɗi. | Mayu - Yuni. |
| M | Rarewarin da ba a taɓa samu ba wanda ke girma a cikin tsaunukan Caucasus kaɗai. | Blooms profusely tare da kananan purple furanni, tattara a cikin inflorescence - karu na guda 20. Yana da daɗi, amma ba sa jin ƙanshi mai yawa. | Sau biyu - a cikin bazara da kaka. |
Shuka tsaba da kuma kula da gandun daji
Tsaba germinate makonni uku bayan dasa. Haka kuma, ana iya shuka su a cikin bazara, rani da damina. Ana amfani da tsaba kawai waɗanda aka girbe, tun daga shekara mai zuwa suka rasa germination.
Kuna iya shuka tsirrai da shuka. Don yin wannan, ɗauki ƙasa takardar gama gari, ƙara yashi, peat da ɗan humus a ciki. Sa ƙananan ƙananan achenes masu sauƙi a saman ƙasa mai kwance kuma yayyafa ɗauka da sauƙi. Sannan shafin ya dafu kuma an rufe shi da fim.
Abinda kawai za'a buƙata bayan an shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa shine shayarwa yau da kullun da iska har sai seedlings sun bayyana.
Field violet ne sauƙin yaduwa da tsaba. Kiwo daji shine mafi sauki da sauri sauri ta hanyar tono roanyen ganye na ganye. Shin, bayan bazara fure. A cikin kaka, kafin sanyi, tsire-tsire bazai da lokaci don ɗauka.
Tona ɗan ƙaramin daji kuma zaɓi matasa ɗan ƙarfe tare da asalinsu, wanda zai zama kayan shuka. An dasa manyan tsire-tsire a lokaci guda, ƙananan bushes - biyu a lokaci guda. Nisa tsakanin isan itacen shine 20-30 cm.
Don haka, riga a shekara ta biyu, violet na daji zai yi fure a cikin lambu ko a ƙarƙashin taga.
Amfanin shuka shine cewa baya buƙatar kulawa da cikakken kulawa. Vioan itacen daji na cinnir na cikin sanyi ba tare da matsuguni ba, fari-mai tsayayya. Ya fi son wuraren inuwa na lambun, amma yana iya girma a cikin ciyayin rana, idan baku manta ba ku sha shi.
A viola propagates da kyau da kuma kai seeding. A cikin wannan ana taimaka masa ta hanyar tururuwa na lambun, waɗanda suke kwashe tsaba a yankin.
Top miya tare da saba jiko na humus ko hadaddun takin mai magani don tsire-tsire fure. Amma wannan shine kawai shuka wanda ya fi dacewa da abinci mai kyau fiye da wuce gona da iri. Don mafi kyawun tushen, ci gaban matasa yana mulched da haske humus.
A wurare masu Inuwa, furannin viola suna paler, amma fure ya fi tsayi. Ba ta son stagnation na ruwa a cikin ƙasa - ta fara ji rauni. Sabili da haka, a cikin ƙananan ƙasashe ya fi kyau kada a shuka shi.
Yanayin da ke haifar da harbe-harben yana da fa'ida a kan tsaunuka masu laushi da tsaunuka masu tsayi, inda violet a cikin gandun daji ya samar da wata karen fure.
Dole ne mu kasance da shiri don gaskiyar cewa shuka zata iya cika da kanta fiye da yankin da aka sanya mata. A irin waɗannan halayen, zai zama dole don cire harbe ta pinching ko pruning, kamar gashin baki tare da strawberries strawberries.
Cututtuka na Kayan daji
Babban maƙiyi na violet shine rashin lafiya.
| Cutar, kwari | Alamu | Sanadin, cuta. |
| Tushen rot | Tushen ya juya, sai kara kuma ya fita. Itace ta mutu. | Pathogenic fungi wanda zai iya kasancewa a cikin ƙasa na dogon lokaci a cikin yanayin damuwa. Cutar naman gwari tana faruwa a zazzabi da ƙarancin zafi. Yana inganta yanayin ƙasa mai acidic. |
| Grey rot | Grey Fluffy shafi na sama a kan manya bangarori - farfajiya da zoben iri. | |
| Powdery mildew | Itace farar fata a launi na ganye akan ganye da furanni. More na kowa a farkon lokacin rani. | |
| Harkokin tsatsa | Brown spots a kan kore sassan tsirrai. Bushewa waje. | |
| Dan kadan | Kumburi na blisters akan petioles da ganye, cike da ruwa mai duhu. | |
| Kafa baki | Cutar ƙwaya da shuki. Tushen mai tushe mai duhu, ganye ya bushe. Mutuwa na faruwa a rana ta 3-4 | |
| Phytophthora | Penetrates ta hanyar pestle, ko na bakin ciki asalinsu. | |
| Bayani | Ganyayyakin sun zama iri dabam dabam, mai launi mara launi, bushe da mutu. | Kwayar cuta Ana ɗaukar Aphids. |
| Mosaic ring | Zobba na launin koren duhu mai duhu a cikin ganyayyaki, mai biyo baya necrosis. | |
| Clover diba (uwar lu'u-lu'u) | Hannun ganyayyaki suna haɗuwa. Yana tasowa daga Mayu zuwa Yuli a lokacin ciyar da abinci. | Larvae na asu tare da fikafikai wanda bai wuce 4.5 cm ba. Orange tare da baƙar fata, fuka-fukai-lu'u-lu'u a baya. |
| Nematode | Ana shafar sassan jikin m ko Tushen, dangane da ire-iren yanayin da ke cikin. Tsire-tsire suna raunana, suna jinkiri a ci gaba, suna shan wahala. | Parasites - iska da ƙasa nematodes (strawberry, gall). |
Yin gwagwarmaya da cututtukan violet na daji yana da wuya. Sau da yawa, da tsire-tsire gaba ɗaya ke mutuwa. Idan jinsunan suna da wuya kuma ba zai yiwu a komar da shi ba, ya kamata har yanzu kuyi ƙoƙarin ajiye tsiron.
Kawar da sassan marassa lafiya, an lalatar da tsire-tsire. Ga waɗanda suka tsira, an fesa su da magungunan antifungal na musamman, ana amfani da takin mai magani na potassium-phosphorus.
Aikace-aikace a cikin maganin gargajiya
Itace a cikin adadi mai yawa ya ƙunshi mayuka masu mahimmanci, flavonoid, bitamin A, C, E, fats, carotene. Saboda alkaloids da ke ciki, yana da guba. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a yi amfani dashi a cikin maganin gida tare da taka tsantsan. Zai fi kyau a nemi likita.
Violet na gandun daji yana taimakawa wajen magance cututtuka da yawa tare da magunguna na mutane:
- Kwayar cuta.
- A decoction gargle tare da kumburi.
- Yana inganta cire cirewar daga hanji.
- Yana warkar da ciwon kai.
- Yana da tasirin diuretic.
- Yana da lalata kayan.
- Hemostatic - ga mata masu rikitarwa bayan haihuwa da kuma lokacin haila.
- Antiallergenic, yana taimakawa tare da diathesis a cikin yara.
- Antirheumatic (a cikin hanyar compress)
A cikin maganin ƙanshi, ƙanshin violet yana kwantar da jijiyoyi, har ma yana taimaka wa hankali, fitsari, da tashin hankali. Yana kara karfi da kariya.
A cikin kwaskwarima, tsotsan mai yana smoothes wrinkles, ya warkas da fasa da kuma weatured lebe. A babban taro, cirewar violet mai guba ne. Sabili da haka, yi amfani da shirye-shirye dangane da violet tare da taka tsantsan kuma ku nisantar da isar yara.
