Gardenersauna da yawa na ƙaunataccen lambu, 'ya'yan itacen inabi sun riga sun ba da iri da yawa, duk da haka, masu shayarwa a duk duniya suna ci gaba da inganta sabbin siffofin a cikin begen samun tsire-tsire masu daɗin ci da' ya'yan itace. Exampleaya daga cikin misalin aikin yin kiwo nasara shine Veles na hybridan Ukran, yana haɗuwa da taushi irin raisins da ƙanshi na nutmeg.
Tarihin narkar da innabi
Veles matasan da ba su da innabi suka bayyana saboda ƙoƙarin mai shayar da magidanci na Ukraine V.V. Zagorulko (Zaporozhye). "Iyaye" na matasan sune nau'ikan Rusbol da Sofia.
Duka-duka har yanzu suna ƙarami - marubucin ya fara siyar da ita ga wasu masoya a cikin Oktoba 2009 Ba a lissafa sabon matasan yanzu ba a cikin rajista na jihar, saboda haka ana iya samun bayanai game da halayenta kawai daga bayanin da marubucin ya bayar kuma sake dubawa daga masu samar da giyar.
A shekara ta 2010, an sanya tseren Veles don gasa ta International Grape International Competition (Simferopol) kuma ya samu lambobin zinare biyu a lokaci daya.
A halin yanzu, kungiyar makiyaya ta Ukraine, Belarus da Russia suna noma Veles.
Girma Veles inabi a Belarus - bidiyo
Bayani daban-daban Veles
Veles wani yanki ne wanda aka danganta shi da lokacin girki (amfanin gona ya farfado kwanaki 95-100 bayan farkon lokacin girma). A vines girma a babban gudun da girma daidai (kusan tare da dukan tsawon).
Furannin da aka kafa a kan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna bisexual (sun ƙunshi stamens da pistils). Duk da ikon kai pollination, ana bada ƙarin linarin pollination don haɓaka yawan aiki (haɓakar yawan amfanin ƙasa na iya zuwa 20%).
Matakan yawanci ana yinsu akan harbe 'ya'yan itacen, waɗanda ke da ikon samar da lokacin girbi na biyu a cikin Oktoba a yanayin da ya dace.
Yawan taro yana iya kaiwa kilo 3
Icalirƙirar katako ko sililinda ke sa kwalliya tare da girman su (nauyi na iya kaiwa kilogiram 2, mafi girman da aka yi rikodin - 3 kg). Tsarin gungu ya kasance sako-sako ko matsakaici mai yawa. Ana rufe furanni masu launin oval tare da fata mai ruwan hoda kuma suna da matsakaicin nauyin 4.5-5 g.
The berries ne m da ruwan hoda tare da m "tan"
Kwasfa yana da kauri matsakaici, amma ba a jin shi lokacin cin abinci. Juicy ɓangaren litattafan almara ne quite m, tare da karfi da m muscat ƙanshi. Kodayake ana ɗaukar iri-iri iri-iri, rudukan tsaba wasu lokuta ana kafa su a cikin berries, kuma adadin su ya dogara da yanayin yanayi. Rudiments suna da taushi kuma basa tsoma baki tare da cin berries.
Bayanin innabi na innabi - bidiyo
Halaye iri-iri
Abubuwan Damis na Hybrid suna da kyawawan halaye masu kyau:
- babban tsayayyen yawan amfanin ƙasa (6-7 kg daga 1 daji);
- sabon abu dandano da na ado irin na berries;
- babban juriya ga cututtukan fungal (alal misali, mildew da oidimum);
- kyakkyawan jigilar kaya;
- kyakkyawan tanadin berries akan daji (a yanayin bushe, gogewar da gangan ta juya zuwa raisins kuma ta kasance akan itacen inabi har tsawon watanni 1.5).
Misalai:
- matsakaici mai juriya sanyi (yana haƙuri da digo cikin zafin jiki zuwa -21 ° C) - a cikin yankuna masu sanyi yana buƙatar tsari don hunturu;
- berries iya crack da rot a cikin rigar yanayi.
Dasa kuma girma inabi Veles
Don tabbatar da wadataccen ƙwayar inabi na Veles, dasa dabarun da ingantaccen kulawa wajibi ne.
Itatuwan innabi
Abubuwan Motsi na Hybrid shine ƙamus ɗin nasara kuma an sami nasarar girma a kowace hanya ban da shuka iri. Zai fi kyau shuka da shuka inabi a cikin bazara (a cikin Maris-Mayu, dangane da yanayin yankin) - ta hanyar hunturu na gaba zai sami lokaci don yayi ƙarfi. Mafi sauri, sabon daji zai fara kawo 'ya'yan itace lokacin da aka yi musu rigakafi akan tsohuwar hannun jari. A kan wannan, an girbe tsiran girki da idanun 2-3 a gaba (a cikin kaka), ɓangaren yana daɗaɗɗa, an lullube shi da polyethylene kuma a adana shi a cikin firiji har sai lokacin bazara.
Alurar riga kafi tare da kore cuttings ne da za'ayi a cikin wani raba rootstock
A cikin bazara, an yanyanka itacen dabino na innabi, ya bar karamin dungu tare da santsi, farfajiya. Yankunan, waɗanda aka yanya a baya tare da weji da kuma tsoma cikin ruwa, an sanya su a hankali a cikin tsaga-tsabtace da aka yi a tsakiyar kututture-ƙugu, suna ƙara ɗaukar shafin yanar gizon tare da ratsi masana'anta da shafa tare da yumɓu.
Ya kamata a ɗaure wuraren yin allurar rigakafin saboda mage zai iya haɗu tare da sauri
Ga wadanda ke tsoro ko ba sa son a yi musu rigakafi, zaku iya amfani da hanyar dasa shuki. Don yin wannan, shirya kyawawan cuttings tare 4-5 buds kuma a tsakiyar watan Fabrairu saka su cikin ruwa ko dasa su a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, ta yadda lokacin dasa shuki ya ba da asalinsu.
Bishiyoyin Vingograd da sauri suna ba da tushe idan an saka a cikin kwalbar ruwa
Yana da kyawawa shuka Veles inabi a cikin ƙasa mai gina jiki wanda ke da cikakkiyar laima ga danshi, mafi kyawun - a chernozem. Yankunan da ke da danshi mai danshi da ƙasa mara kyau ta inabi ba su dace ba. Wurin da ya kamata ya sauka shine yakamata ya warke da rana.
Tunda busheshen Veles sunyi girma sosai, suna buƙatar ɗimbin sarari don ci gaban al'ada. Nisa tsakanin busheshen fure yakamata ya zama akalla 1.5-2 m, da kuma 3-4 m daga bishiyoyi da gine-gine.
Lokacin dasa shuki akan m, ƙasa mai yawa, dole ne a tabbatar da magudanar ruwa
An shirya ramin 2-3 makonni kafin dasawa (zurfi da diamita 0.8 m). Ana zubar da cakuda ƙasa tare da humus da takin mai magani na phosphorus a ƙasansa, wanda aka rufe da dunƙule na ƙasa mai tsabta (3-4 cm). Kafin dasa shuki, 'ya'yan itacen innabi an tsoma su a cikin mai haɓaka mai haɓaka (alal misali, Humate a taro na 0.5 mg / l).
Lokacin dasawa, kuna buƙatar yin hankali sosai don kar a fasa tushen mai rauni (an san su da farin launi). Tushen tushen an rufe shi da ƙasa, an cakuda shi, an shayar da shi da buhu biyu na ruwa kuma an yayyafa shi da ɗanɗano.
Dasa inabi a bidiyo
Kula da innabi
Abubuwan Veles masu laushi suna buƙatar kulawa iri ɗaya kamar sauran nau'in innabi.
A ƙasa karkashin itacen innabi ya zama matsakaici m koyaushe, don haka ya kamata a za'ayi watering a kai a kai, ko da yake ba sau da yawa. Bukatar danshi yana da girma musamman lokacin ganye na ganye, fure da samuwar goge, har da bayan girbi.
Lokacin da aka shayar da inabi, yana da Dole a tuna da matsakaici: waterlogging yana haifar da fatattaka da lalata berries.
Don adana danshi a cikin ƙasa, ana bada shawara don rufe ƙasa a cikin da'irar kusa da wani yanki na ciyawa (3-4 cm) daga bambaro, sawdust ko peat. Zaka iya amfani da humus, wanda a ciki ciyawa yakan zama kamar taki a lokaci guda.
Tsarin innabi - Bidiyo
Samuwar Veles daji yawanci ana aiwatar dashi tare da fan a cikin hannayen riga 4. Ana tallafawa fom din ta hanyar bazara ta yau da kullun da girbin kaka. A cikin bazara, ana bada shawarar aiwatar da pruning matsakaici, barin idanu 6 akan kowane itacen inabi, don jimlar nauyin akan daji shine idanu 25-32 (matsakaicin 35). Veles yana da babban iko na samar da matakai. A tsakiyar layi, ana bada shawara a raba su. A cikin yankuna na kudanci, an bar matakai, tunda ana kuma kafa gungu akan su. A cikin yanayin kaka mai dumin yanayi, suna da lokacin da za su riƙa ƙaruwa a tsakiyar Oktoba, ko da yake, ba shakka, berries na amfanin gona na biyu sun fi ƙanƙan da acidic fiye da na farko.
Fan Fan na wani innabi daji yana ɗaukar shekaru 3
Tallafi na inabi shine yawanci ana yin su ta hanyar trellises, kodayake wasu zaɓuɓɓuka suna yiwuwa (tallafi ɗaya, arke).
Taimakawa don inabi - gidan hoto
- Double trellis yana ba ku damar samun amfanin gona mafi girma, saboda adadin hannayen riga a daji yana ƙaruwa
- Samuwar inabi a kan baka yana baka damar ƙirƙirar kwalliyar Inuwa mai kyau
- Single trellis - mafi sauki kuma mafi yawan nau'in tallafi
A cikin kaka, an sare itacen inabin, a cire wasu sassan mara kyau na itacen inabin da kuma karin harbe.
A cikin yankuna masu sanyi, inabi yana buƙatar tsari don hunturu, saboda baya jure sanyi a ƙasa -21 ° C. Itacen inabin da aka ɗaure a cikin bunches an shimfiɗa shi a ƙasa kuma an ɗaure shi da bambaro, busassun masara, da polyethylene.
Dole ne a ɗaure itacen inabin da aka girbe a ƙasa tare da kayan ruɓewa
Inabi ya amsa da kyau ga hadi. Idan za'a iya amfani da kwayoyin halitta a cikin nau'i na mulching Layer, to dole ne a ba da takin mai ma'adinai tare da ruwa ban ruwa. Musamman mahimmanci sune takin mai magani na phosphorus-potassium, da kuma gabatarwar lokaci-lokaci na abubuwan ganowa - baƙin ƙarfe, zinc, boron.
Idan ka ba da takin zamani ga inabi kafin fure, to ba zai kawo fa'idodi ba, amma zai ci gaba da gina taro kore.
Veles yana da juriya na matsakaici don kayar da ƙarfe da farar mildew (mildew da oidium). Hakan ya biyo bayan bayanin marubucin cewa an kiyasta juriyar Veles ga waɗannan cututtukan a maki 3.5. Koyaya, yana da kyawawa don aiwatar da hanyoyin kariya na 2-3 tare da fungicides (cakuda Bordeaux, sulfur colloidal).
Kamar yadda 'ya'yan inabi suka fara nunawa da wuri, galibi sukan yi awon gaba da su. Don magance su, zaku iya amfani da tarkuna waɗanda ke ɗauke da maganin zuma tare da maganin kwari, ko ɗaure kowane goga tare da raga ko jakar masana'anta. Hanya ta ƙarshen zata taimaka don adana berries daga tsuntsaye.
Idan ba ku ɓata lokaci ba kuma ku ɗaura kowane yanki a cikin jaka na raga ko masana'anta, zaku sami girbin gaba ɗaya
Girbi, adanawa da amfanin gona
Kuna iya fara girbi Veles a farkon watan Agusta (wani lokacin a ƙarshen Yuli). A cikin yankuna na kudanci tare da dogon lokacin kaka, za ku iya jira girbi na biyu (a watan Oktoba). Gaskiya ne, berries na girbi na biyu sun fi ƙanƙanta kuma ba dadi.
Goge yana riƙe da itacen inabin sosai, saboda haka dole ne a yanke su, kuma ba a kakkarye su ba.
The na roba ɓangaren litattafan almara da kuma m fata sa Veles Berries resistant ga harkokin sufuri. Koyaya, don rage cutar amfanin gona, kuna buƙatar ninka goge a cikin kwalaye m.
Za a iya sanya miyar raisins mai ƙoshin lafiya daga berries na Veles.
Kuna iya adanar 'ya'yan itacen inabin da aka girbe na kimanin watanni 3 a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi. Zai fi kyau a rataye goge a kan igiya da aka shimfiɗa a cikin ɗakin.
Berries na veles suna da ɗanɗano mai kyau kuma an yi niyya don sabo ne. Hakanan zaka iya yin raisins mai ban mamaki, adanawa, compote ko giya.
Nazarin masu bugun giya
Veles yana girma kuma ni, kamar yadda Irina Ivanovna ya lura daidai, wannan tsari yana buƙatar ƙarin jiyya daga Yankin Juyawa. Ina kuma so in lura cewa gungu sun yi yawa, sun kai kilogram 3-4, idan kun yanke rabin bunch ɗin a tsawonsa ko kuma barin wingsan biyu daga fikafikan gefen kai tsaye bayan fure, to za a sami raguwa da tumatir na berriesan itacen. Don haka kar a bi diddigin bayanan, in ba haka ba zaku iya rasa amfanin gonarku.
Yanina Kurmaz//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=191.0
Na lura cewa zafi ya fi zafi lokacin rani, ya fi girma nau'ikan Veles. Gasar bazara ta ƙarshe tayi sanyi, saboda haka la'akari da lafuzza marasa ma'ana. A gare ni cewa a cikin arewacin wannan tsari zai nuna kansa daga mafi kyawun bangaren, duk da haka tare da raisins tare da nutmeg kuma yanzu babu irin wannan lokacin.
Evgeny Polyanin//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=191.0
Idan ban yi kuskure ba, Veles ta karɓi lambar gwal a gasar "Golden bunch of 2010" a Simferopol. (cikakken daidaituwa na dandani da ma'auni na hukumar dandanawa da ƙwararriyar)
Svetlana//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2299
K-sh Veles da aka dasa tare da irin shuka a shekarar 2010 A cikin shekara ta biyu ya ba da amfanin gona na farkon sigina. Daga cikin gungu 4, Na bar 3. Na bi da ɗayansu da gibberelin 1 lokaci (Na sarrafa Kyauta Zaporozhy tare da maida hankali akan 30 MG a kowace lita). Gunda 2 ba a kula da su kasance manya, har zuwa kusan 1 kg. The berries kasance matsakaici a cikin size, mai dadi sosai, tare da nutmeg. Ra'idodin rudiments sun kasance, amma sun kasance masu laushi kuma kusan ba a jin su lokacin cin berries. Kuma a wancan bunchin da na sarrafa sau 1, berries sun fi girma, kuma babu kwalliya kwata-kwata.
Anatoly Savran//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2299
Veles zai kawo yan lambu da yawa da annashuwa tare da dandano mai dadi da kuma kyakkyawan aiki. Shuke-shuke ba sa buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, kawai kuna buƙatar rufe su don hunturu kuma ku kare amfanin gona daga wasps.
