Blackberry lambu mai girma-itace da aka yi amfani da ita shine sananniyar al'adun Berry a Turai da Amurka. Yawancin nau'ikansa na iya samar da amfanin gona mai yawa a cikin yankunan kudanci na Rasha, kuma mafi yawancin waɗanda hunturu-Hardy - har ma a tsakiyar layi. Koyaya, don wannan ya zama dole don ƙoƙari, lura da ka'idodi don kulawa da blackberries ...
Babban fasalin nazarin halittu na blackberries
Blackberry itace shuki mai ƙaunar haske wanda ke girma da kyau a kusan kowace ƙasa, banda ma mai nauyi, acidic da marshy. An dauke da in mun gwada da fari-resistant, unpretentious shuka cewa sauƙi yi haƙuri zafi bazara. Amma don samun amfanin gona mai yawa, watering na yau da kullun da kuma kayan miya da takin gargajiya sun zama dole.
BlackBerry - unpretentious high-samar da gwaggwabar riba shrub
Ta nau'ikan haɓaka da hanyoyin yaduwa, nau'in blackberry sun kasu kashi uku:
- Kumanika - tsire-tsire tare da harbe mai kafaɗa har zuwa mita uku masu tsayi, tsarukan farashi da ƙarancin hunturu-Hardy. Suna ba da yawa tushen zuriya, amfani dashi don haifuwa. The fi na harbe ba su tushe.
- Rosyanka - tsirrai masu harbe-harben harbe har zuwa tsayi biyu. Siffofin farko na daji suna cikin farashi, akwai nau'ikan zamani ba tare da ƙaya ba. Tushen tushen ya ba da ɗan kaɗan, ninka ta hanyar dasa fi na matasa mai tushe. A tsakiyar yankin na Rasha har ma a wasu wurare a Siberiya akwai blackberry daji na wannan nau'in. Koyaya, nau'in nau'in lambu dangane da jinsin Amurka suna da ƙarancin hunturu.
- Nau'in canji, wanda ya haɗa da yawancin nau'ikan zamani na asali na asali. Shuke-shuke tare da ko ba tare da thorns, Semi-yada mai tushe ko kafa mai tushe tare da karfi drooping fi. Hardness na hunturu ya yi ƙasa. The fi na mai tushe ne kafe, yawan tushen zuriya dogara da musamman iri.
Tsire-tsire na blackberry suna da zagayowar ci gaba na shekaru biyu. A cikin shekarar farko, harbi ya himmatu wajen gina taro, a shekara ta biyu sai ya yi fure kuma ya ba da 'ya'ya, bayan haka ya mutu. A blackberry blooms a farkon rabin bazara. A cikin nau'ikan da yawa, ana kara wannan lokacin tsawon watanni biyu ko fiye. Furanni babba ne, fari ko ruwan hoda, mai ƙyalli.
Furanni blackberry suna da kyau sosai
Saboda tsawancin furanni, ana kuma kara tsawon lokacin girbin, wanda shine tabbataccen hade da namo mai son da kuma debe al'adun masana'antu. Yawancin nau'ikan Amurka suna da wahalar girma a tsakiyar Rasha, ba kawai saboda karancin lokacin hunturu ba, amma kuma saboda latti sosai. Berries kawai ba su da lokaci zuwa ripen kafin farkon sanyi.
Blackberry ba ya yayyafa a lokaci guda
Kulawar Blackberry Na Zamani
Blackberries suna unpreentious, matsaloli a cikin namo tashi ne kawai a cikin yankunan da matsananci canjin yanayin, inda tsari na hunturu zamani ake bukata.
Bidiyo: Kulawar Blackberry
Aikin bazara
Idan blackberry da aka ƙi don hunturu, nan da nan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, an cire tsari, kuma an ɗaure mai tushe fiye da kima don trellis. Bayan farkawa da kodan, duk bushewar bushe an yanke, an cire fiɗa na daskararru zuwa ɓangaren lafiya.
A karkashin kowane daji sa rabin guga na takin da 1 tablespoon na superphosphate da potassium sulfate. Underasan da ke ƙarƙashin bushes ɗin a hankali ba ta kwance ba 5 cm ba. Ya kamata a guji yin zurfin ƙasa don kada a lalata tushen sa. Yana da amfani sosai ga ciyawa ƙasa tare da farin ciki na kowane irin kwayoyin halitta.
Ayyukan bazara
A lokacin bazara, bishiyoyin bishiyoyi suna ba da tsire-tsire na bishiyoyi akai-akai. Don rage adadin su, zaku iya ciyawa kan hanyoyin tsakanin layuka tare da kayan rufin baƙi ko agrofibre.
Idan babu ruwan sama, ana shayar da blackberries sau ɗaya a mako a cikin guga na ruwa ga kowane daji.
Blackberry bushes a kan trellis ya kamata a lit lit da rana, saboda haka dole ne su zama thinned fita
A farkon lokacin bazara, ƙananan harbe suna daidaita bisa al'ada, barin ba fiye da 5-6 na mafi ƙarfi da dacewa a kowane daji ba. An datse ƙarin ƙarin harbe a saman ƙasa. Yayinda suke girma, an ɗaure su ga trellis, suna ƙoƙarin tabbatar da hasken yanayin daji gaba ɗaya.
Itace Shuka a Autar
Nan da nan bayan daukos da berries, duk fruiting harbe ana yanka a karkashin tushen ba tare da barin kututture. Idan bakada tsari na blackberry na hunturu, a farkon kaka zaku iya gajarta firan harbe-harbe na shekara-shekara don ingantacciyar farfadowa da mai tushe.
Blackberry stalks yanke a karkashin tushen
Rufe Kulawar Blackberry
Yawancin nau'ikan blackberry na zamani suna tsayayya da daskararru na sama da -20 ° C, don haka ba tare da tsari ba za su iya yin girma ne kawai a yankuna na kudanci. A cikin yankuna masu fama da tsananin tsananin sanyi, harbe-harbe na shekara-shekara suna lanƙwasa ƙasa kamar yadda zai yiwu zuwa ƙasa don hunturu a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. Yi wannan kafin farkon barcin sanyi, yayin mai tushe mai sauƙi lanƙwasa. A kan blackberry da aka rufe, ba a yin amfani da rage harbe shekara shekara saboda kada mai tushe ya yi kauri sosai. A cikin iri tare da rassan maras kyau, ya zama dole don ɗaure ƙananan harbe zuwa trellis a cikin kusan kusan kwance a farkon lokacin bazara, wanda ya sa a cikin kaka yana da sauƙi don tanƙwara su zuwa ƙasa.
A cikin yankuna masu sanyin sanyi, blackberries suna sintiri a ƙasa don hunturu
Ba wai kawai daskarewa hunturu masu hadarin gaske ba, amma har tsufa daga dampness lokacin thaws. Saboda haka, ƙarin ƙarin rufin (coniferous spruce rassan, ganye ganye, agrofibre, polyethylene) za a iya shirya kawai a yanayin zafin jiki a kasa 0 ° C.
Siffofin fasahar noma a farkon shekarar bayan dasa shuki
A tsakiyar yankin, ana dasa blackberries kawai a cikin bazara, a kudu yana yiwuwa a farkon kaka. Nan da nan bayan an dasa, an yanke karar ba da wuri sama da santimita 10 sama da ƙasa ba. Idan a farkon shekarar daji na blackberry ba zato ba tsammani, dole ne a yanke furanni. A lokacin bazara, ya kamata a samar da harbe-harben matasa masu iko da karfi 200, an cire duk waɗancan abubuwan da ba dole ba. Matasa mai shuka yana buƙatar ƙarin m ruwa idan aka kwatanta da manya bushes, tun tushen tsarin har yanzu yana da rauni. A cikin zafi ba tare da ruwan sama ana shayar da shi sau 5-6 a wata don rabin guga na ruwa kowane daji.
Kula da tsire-tsire daban daban
Siffofin kulawa da nau'ikan blackberries daban-daban sun dogara da nau'in haɓakar su, taurin hunturu, farashi da yawan offspringa .an.
Kumanika
Groupungiyar 'yan kunan bakin wake masu ƙarfi (kumaniki) sun haɗa da tsoffin nau'ikan Amurkawan Flint da Agawam tare da tsananin hunturu na -35 ° C, an sami nasarar girma ba tare da wani matsuguni ba a cikin kewayen birni da Kudancin Kudancin.
Tsohon nau'ikan blackberry hunturu-Hardy suna samar da wadataccen hatsi na matsakaici-sized amma suna da kyawawan berries
Babban hasara na nau'ikan wannan rukunin sune: spiny mai tushe da samuwar zuriya mai yawa. A berries ne matsakaici-sized, amma ripen farkon a tsakiyar bazara, kuma fruiting sosai yalwatacce. Wadannan nau'ikan galibi ana shuka su ne a gefen gonar, maimakon shinge.
A kudu, blackberry daji na wannan nau'in shine ɗayan mafi wahalar kawar da ciyayi.
Kafa blackberry daura da sauki trellis a kan wannan matakin
Tying madaidaiciyar iri ne mai sauqi qwarai, a gare su mafi sauki trellis daga daya ko biyu layi daya layi na waya a wannan tsawo ya dace. Amma lanƙwasa su a ƙasa kusan kusan ba zai yiwu ba, mai tushe sun yi kauri sosai.
Flint tsohuwar iri ce ta Amurkan. Na yi shekaru 20 na girma. Kumanika. Harbe suna madaidaiciya, da ƙarfi sosai, suna da ƙarfi, suna da fuskoki, suna da ƙyallen fata, amma sun fi birgewa fiye da ɗorawa, masu laushi a cikin shekarar girma. Rounded berry yin la'akari 5-7 g, mai dadi, cikakken acid kyauta. Yawan aiki 10 da ƙari kg / daji. Tushen abu mai pivotal ne, ana yada shi ne ta hanyar harbe. The fi kuma kai tushen, amma tushen to frosts ne kawai 2-3 cm kuma su 'yan kaxan. Babban ƙari shine juriya sanyi, har zuwa -40 ° C, Ban taɓa yin sanyi ba. A bu mai kyau a sanya trellis mai goyan baya, akwai wasu berries da yawa da mafi girman tushe ya tanƙwara kuma Berry ya ta'allaka ne a ƙasa. Ya blooms kyau sosai, furanni fari, babba, ya juya mai farin farin tanti.
Oleg Saveyko//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=3787
Yana mamaki da yawa mummunan sake dubawa game da dandano na blackberries Agawam. Ba za a iya cikakken ripened berries. Lokacin da Berry ya rigaya ya zama baƙar fata, ba gaskiyar cewa cikakke ba ne, har yanzu kuna jira, na tofa shi kaina don na dasa shi lokacin da na fara sanin blackberry. Agave wani iri ne mai daɗin daɗi, ba shi da yawa ga wasu mutane biyu - Thornfrey da Triple Crown, kuma suna da daɗi sosai a gare ni. Ko wataƙila wasu kwayoyi masu kunnen doki, ko yanayin yana da tasiri sosai, ko ƙasa.
Archie17//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=3758&page=4
Na kuma gwada berries da dama irin blackberry-rasberi hybrids. Babu wani daga cikin yanayinmu da ke tara sukari fiye da Agawam; a ganina, ba su da daɗi daga nan. Kodayake, kamar yadda ka sani, yana da dandano da launi ... Daga can na dasa sheqa biyar na Agawam bushes a cikin lambun na na uku (yawon shakatawa da yankuna). Me yasa ba kasuwa bane, an riga an rubuta wannan. Pricarfafa farashi, rashin daidaituwa a cikin zuriyar zuriya, kuma sake, a cikin halin da nake ciki yanzu, ba shi da yawa a kasuwa. Amma ga kwalajin: tunda wannan al'ada, ana yada shi, a matsayin mai mulki, ta zuriya, ana samun ciyayi, daga karshe ya tara wasu karkacewa daga samfurin asali, wato, ya gaji su daga takamaiman tsire-tsire na uwa.
Tsohon kaka//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=3758&page=3
Blackberry baƙar fata
Sharp spikes babbar matsala ce yayin girma iri irin blackberry iri. Lokacin yin datsa da kuma ɗaura su, yana da mahimmanci don ɗaukar safofin hannu mai wanzuwa (safofin hannu masu saƙa ba sa kariya daga ƙaya). Yana da mahimmanci don fitar da bushes a cikin lokaci mai kyau, guje wa thickening, don kada ku cutar da hannaye lokacin ɗaukar berries.
Iri-iri ba tare da ƙaya ba
Iri na blackberries ba tare da ƙaya ne sosai a cikin shahara. Kula da su ya fi sauƙi saboda rashin spikes. Wannan rukunin ya hada da nau'in Thornfrey da ire-irensu masu yawa tare da kalmar "tsagewa" da sunan. Abin takaici, dukkan su suna da karancin lokacin hunturu kuma suna iya girma kawai a kudu ba tare da mafaka ba.
Tsarin Tornless na iya bambanta da farawa iri daban-daban ba wai kawai ta rashin ƙaya ba, har ma da wasu sigogi - lokacin tafin, girman da ɗanɗano na berries, da launinsu.
Thornfrey a cikin halaye na ba shi da matsala gabaɗaya, amma kuma iri ne na marasa aikin yi. Tsari ya wajaba don hunturu, duk da haka, a hankali. Da kyau, yawancin goarian itacen berries ba su cika yawa a cikin hunturu, amma "isa ya ci" ya isa daga zuciya.
Buttercup//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=3762&page=3
Na yi noma Thornfrey sama da shekaru 10. Dogoro kuma mai 'ya'ya. Mai kulawa da kulawa, yana son shayarwa da ciyarwa. Na dasa a jere na 40 m, yana da bushes goma sha takwas. Yana yin kyau sosai tare da inuwa m, muna son dandano kuma babu matsaloli tare da Berry a aiwatar. A cikin hunturu, duk abin da ke saman dusar ƙanƙara yana daskarewa. Mice suna son gnaw buds a cikin hunturu. Karshen hunturu, na katse gaba ɗayan, a cikin bazara na yanka komai a matakin ƙasa kuma na yi shuru tare da ciyawa, na yi 3-4 da yawa, a ƙarshen Yuli ya fara girma, an sami nasarar murƙushe itacen ɓarnar!
Antipov Vitaliy//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=3762
Blackberry Wicker
Mafi yawan nau'ikan blackberry nau'ikan zamani suna daga hawa ko hawa hawa hawa uku. Haɓaka blackberry (mildew) kusan ba ya ba da tushen zuriya, amma ƙanƙanin sahun bakin ciki mai saurin ɗaukar tushe ana iya haɗuwa da juna, saukadden itace da ba za a iya canzawa ba.
Irin nau'ikan blackberry na zamani tare da manyan berries suna girma sosai a kudu kawai
Wannan rukunin ya haɗa da shahararrun nau'ikan da manyan berries. Kuma hasara na kowa shi ne low hunturu hardiness da marigayi ripening. Idan ba tsari, za su iya yin girma a kudu kawai. Tsarin al'adun tsari na farkon nau'ikan daga wannan rukuni ma yana yiwuwa a tsakiyar layi.
Tapestries na wicker blackberry an shirya su da yawa layin waya wanda ke cikin jirgin saman tsaye. Lokacin rarraba mai tushe a kan trellis, yana da matukar muhimmanci a hana haɗarin su da toka. Shawarwarin wani lokaci don ɗaukar matasa harbe a kusa da trellis ana amfani da shi kawai ga yankuna na kudanci tare da al'adar wuce gona da iri. Tare da narkar da kayan lambu, an harbe harbe matasa zuwa trellis a wurare da yawa, saboda a cikin kaka ana iya cire su cikin sauƙin ƙasa.
A lokacin da tying hawa blackberry iri zuwa trellis, yana da muhimmanci mu guji thickening da entanglement na mai tushe
Gyara blackberry
In mun gwada da kwanan nan, na farko ana gyaran nau'ikan blackberry ya bayyana, yana ba da amfanin gona guda biyu: na farko akan harbe-harbe matasa na shekara, da kuma na biyu (farkon bazara) akan harbe-harben overwintered. Duk ire-iren wannan rukunin (Ra'ayin, Black Magic, Firayim jirgin Ark) an san su da ƙarancin hunturu, saboda haka suna girma sosai a yankuna na kudu kawai. Girbi a kan harbe-harbe na shekara-shekara yana farfado da wuri sosai, wanda kuma ya hana su motsawa zuwa arewa, inda berries ke bacewa saboda farkon sanyi.
Lambun itacen bakar itace shuki ne mai ba da gudummawa na gari, musamman ga yankuna na kudu na Rasha da Ukraine, inda yanayin yanayin damuna musamman ya ke bada damar girka iri iri na zamani ba tare da ƙaya ba. Amma ko da a cikin wuraren da ke da yanayin canji mai ƙarfi, zai yuwu a sami kyawawan kayan amfanin gona na blackberries na tsohuwar nau'in hunturu-Hardy, da aka ba da lamirin ci gaban su ...
