Inabi Amirkhan - tebur iri-iri na inabõbi na farkon. Daban-daban ba su yi fice ba, amma saboda sauƙin kai da juriya ga sanyi, yanki ne ba kawai a yankin Turai na ƙasarmu ba, har ma a Siberiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Amirkhan ɗan innabi ne mai ɗanɗano don cin rani, yana jin daɗin matsakaiciyar shahara.
Tarihin namo nau'ikan 'ya'yan innabi na Amirkhan
Inabi Amirkhan an yi bambaro a cikin Kuban, a cikin garin Novocherkassk, a Cibiyar Nazarin Noma da Al'adu ta Rasha wacce aka yi wa lakabi da Y. Potapenko, inda suka dade suna kiwon inabi. Aikin Cibiyar an yi niyya ne da samun sababbin nau'ikan tsari waɗanda za su iya girma a yankuna tare da mummunan yanayi. Kuma tunda akwai yawancin masu son giyar giya a cikin Kuban, babu matsaloli tare da cikakken binciken sabbin iri.
All-Rasha Cibiyar Viticulture da Winemaking an shirya shi a cikin kafin yakin. Ana amfani da ire-iren ire-iren da aka samu a cibiyar don ci gaba da aikin kiwo a wuri guda, haka kuma masu aikin giya a kasashe da yawa. Kuma kamar su Delight, Talisman, Victoria da sauran ingantattun nau'ikan tsari har yanzu magabatansu da yawa na amfani da su har yanzu suna amfani da ire-iren innabi.
A cikin 1958, an shirya gwaje-gwaje na inabbai daban-daban a matakin jihohi. A lokacin da aka shude tun daga wannan lokacin, Cibiyar ta tura nau'ikan 77 don gwaji, gami da 52 masu hade da juna. Rijistar ofwararrun chiewararrun Sewararrun Jiha da aka Ba da izinin amfani sun haɗa da nau'ikan kiwo 20 na VNIIViV. Ma'aikatan Cibiyar da kansu suna la'akari da mafi kyawun nau'ikan zama Vostorg, Agat Donskoy, Northern Cabernet, Druzhba, Platovsky, Finist, da sauransu. Ba a saka bambancin Amirkhan a cikin wannan jerin ba. Babu shakka, idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan, masu kirkirar kansu da kansu basu ga wata fa'ida ta musamman a cikin Amirkhan ba.
An ƙirƙira Amirkhan ta hanyar ɗora nau'in Yagdon da Lu'u-lu'u na Saba. Kamar yadda a dukkan al'amuran samun nasara ta hanyar haihuwa, ya dauko daga iyaye mafi kyawun halayen iyayen su. Amma babban abin da Amirkhan zai iya alfahari da shi shi ne cewa ana iya haɓaka shi a kusan kowane yanki na canjin yanayi. A halin yanzu, an san shi kusan a ko'ina cikin Rasha, an sami nasarar girma a Siberia da kuma Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Inabi Pearl Saba - ɗaya daga cikin iyayen Amirkhan
Bayanin sa
Amirkhan ya girma a cikin karamin daji ko tsaka mai tsayi. A maturation da 'ya'yan itace na harbe sosai. Ganyen yana da kyau, an watsa shi kadan, tare da gefuna masu kauri. Ayyana tsananin juriya - har zuwa -23 ... -25 game daC, juriya ga cutar a matsakaicin matakin. A saukake ta hanyar yaduwar tsirarrun bishiyoyi masu kyau, amma a Siberiya da Altai Territory sau da yawa ana girma ta hanyar grafting akan ma fi yawancin nau'in sanyi mai tsauri. Excessarin amfanin gona mai wuce gona da iri, al'ada wajibi ne: ba tare da shi, ripening na berries yana jinkiri ba, kuma girmansu yana rage muhimmanci.
Yawan amfanin ƙasa iri-iri ne: an tattara kusan kilogram 3 na berries daga daji. Dankin yana ɗayan farkon: daga lokacin buɗe farkon buds har zuwa girbi, yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni huɗu. Don haka, a cikin yankunan kudanci na Rasha, berries ya zama abin ci a tsakiyar watan Agusta, kuma a tsakiyar yanki ko kudanci kudancin Belarus - kusa da farkon kaka. A Siberiya, ana ɗaukar matsattsin innabi na matsakaici. Yawancin suna da saurin-kai, ba ya buƙatar pollinators, sabili da haka, don amfani sabo, za a iya dasa daji ɗaya, amma don babban iyali kuma don tsawanta lokacin cin 'ya'yan inabi, dole ne, ba shakka, da karin 1-2 na wasu nau'ikan. A iri-iri ne kusan ba fallasa su bawo, an daidai pollinated har ma a high zafi.
Gungu sune silsila, mafi girman matsakaici: nauyi daga 400 zuwa 800 g. Samfuran ƙididdigar mutum zai iya kaiwa zuwa 1 kg. All berries ne game da girman girman da tam guga da juna. Bunches yana jurewa da sufuri.
Cikakkun 'ya'yan itace cikakke na Amirkhan ba su da ruwan hoda; kawai wani karamin sashe daga gare su crack
A berries suna dan kadan elongated, suna da fata na bakin ciki da kuma ɓangaren litattafan almara mai laushi sosai. Abubuwan suna ƙanana kaɗan. Girman berries yana matsakaita, taro yana daga 4 zuwa 6. giyan inabi suna da kyakkyawan gabatarwa. Danshi mai sauki ne, mai daɗi ne, kuma yana da inuwa mai laushi na nutmeg. Abun sukari a cikin berries shine 17-19%. Rayuwar shelf yana da tsawo sosai, shekara daya da rabi zuwa watanni biyu. Inabi Amirkhan na cikin iri ne na teburin: galibi an ci sabo ne, amma ana iya amfani dashi don shirye-shirye daban-daban (kamar ruwan 'ya'yan itace, ruwan sha, adana shi, raisins).
Halayen Amirkhan Inabi
Bayan munyi bayanin kwatancin 'ya'yan inabi na Amirkhan, zamuyi kokarin ba shi cikakken bayani. Tabbas, ta kowane alama zaka iya samun mafi kyawun kuma mafi munin iri, kuma idan ka kwatanta Amirkhan daidai tare da nau'in tebur na farkon ripening, wannan nau'in ba ya fice. A bayyane ab advantagesbuwan amfãni sun hada da:
- kyawawan kayayyaki na bunches da safarar su;
- babban dandano na berries mai dadi;
- rashin kwasfa;
- isar da kai (baya buƙatar masu aikin pollinators);
- lafiya mai kyau ta amfanin gona duka a cikin daji da kuma a cikin firiji;
- girma da sauri da kuma kyakkyawan fitar da harbe;
- sauƙi na yaduwa ta hanyar yanke;
- babban juriya sanyi;
- sauƙi na kulawa.
Arancin rashin ƙarfi na iri-iri, masu binciken kimiyyar ƙasa sunyi la'akari da:
- matsakaici jure manyan cututtukan innabi;
- da buƙatar ƙwararrun gwani da rarrabawa na amfanin gona, ba tare da abin da berries suke ƙanƙanansu ba;
- in mun gwada da ƙarancin aiki.
Siffofin dasa da girma
Ko da mazaunan bazara na rani na iya shuka Amirkhan a rukuninsu, tunda kula da wannan innabi abu ne mai sauki. Babu dokokin dasa, ko fasaha don kula da ita ba sa bambanta da waɗanda suke cikin yanayin nau'in tebur. Amirkhan wani nau'in innabi ne na gargajiya wanda ke buƙatar tsari mai haske don hunturu. Kyakkyawan ƙasa don girma inabi zai zama chernozem mai arziki a cikin ma'adanai.
Kamar kowane innabi, yana son wuraren rana masu kariya daga iska mai sanyi. A bu mai kyau ganuwar gidan ko babban shinge ba tare da kariya ba daga shingen arewa daga gefen arewa. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, yawancin yan lambu suna yin kadin fuska na musamman ta hanyoyin da ba za a iya samarwa ba.
Bango a gefen arewa zai dogara dogara da inabi daga iska mai sanyi
Amirkhan yana sauƙaƙe yada shi ta hanyar itace, yawan rayuwa wanda yake da girma sosai. Saboda haka, seedling za a iya girma da kanka, zaku iya dasa shukar da aka samo a cikin tushe na wani, mafi yawan daji, misali, Amur inabi. Yawancin lokaci a cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya da Siberiya suna yin haka. Lokacin zabar seedling, babban abu shine cewa yana da ingantaccen tushen sa. Nan da nan kafin dasa, da seedling ya kamata a saukar da cikin ruwa a rana, a yanka dan kadan da tukwici daga cikin tushen domin ya cika da danshi. Kuna iya dasa inabi a cikin kaka, amma ya fi kyau a cikin bazara, a watan Afrilu.
Don dasa shuki, ramin ya kasance cikin shiri. Kuma a gaba, a lokacin rani, da shafin da aka zaɓa dole ne a haƙa shi da takin mai magani (takin, ash, superphosphate), cire ciyawar tumatir. A cikin kaka, kuna buƙatar tono babban rami, aƙalla 70 santimita a zurfi da inci. Lambatu a kasan (15-20 cm na tsakuwa, baƙaƙe ko tubalin da ya karye) ya zama dole ga inabi. A kasan ramin, yakamata a saka wani takin da ya haɗa da ƙasa mai kyau. Kuma a sama, inda tushen matasa zai kasance, kawai tsararren ƙasa mai tsabta ya kamata a sanya shi. A kasan ramin, kuna buƙatar zana wani bututu mai kauri, saboda a cikin farkon shekarun, ruwa da seedling kai tsaye cikin asalin sa.
A cikin 'yan shekarun farko, wani bututun da aka zana wa tushen zai samar da sauƙin shayarwa.
'Ya'yan inabi, ya kamata a dasa su a zurfi don kada wasu moreanyun buds su kasance a saman. Watering da seedling da kyau, yana da bu mai kyau zuwa ciyawa ƙasa a kusa da shi.
Kulawa da Amirkhan abu ne mai sauki: shayarwa, takin, zarter harbe, pruning, hana jiyya. Komai banda cropping baya bukatar ilimin musamman. Trimming, dole ne a koya, ba tare da wannan ba shi yiwuwa: girbin zai yi muni a kowace shekara.
Ba a buƙatar wuce haddi ruwa, amma ban ruwa lokaci-lokaci wajibi ne, musamman a yankuna m. Bukatar ruwa yana da girma musamman a lokacin girma na berries, amma daga ƙarshen Yuli dole ne a dakatar da yawan shayar da Amirkhan: bari berries su sami sukari kuma su zama daɗi. Game da bushewar kaka, dammar hunturu wajibi ne jim kadan kafin a nemi shinge da hunturu. An ba da shawarar ciyar da abinci gaba ɗaya tare da ash: rufe 1-2 a kowace shekara a ƙarƙashin wani daji. Kowane shekaru biyu a farkon lokacin bazara - don yin buloguna biyu na humus, binne su a cikin ramuka mara zurfi tare da gefen daji. Kuma sau 2-3 a lokacin bazara, ya kamata a aiwatar da riguna na sama na foliar ta hanyar fesa ganye tare da mafita mai rauni. Kafin fure kuma nan da nan bayan sa, ya dace don amfani da hadaddun ma'adanai, lokacin ciyarwa, bayan wasu makonni 2-3, an iyakance su ne kawai ga potash da phosphorus.
Amirkhan yana da matsakaiciyar juriya ga cututtukan innabi, kuma don dalilai na prophylactic, ana buƙatar fesawar farkon bazara tare da maganin baƙin ƙarfe sulfate baƙin ƙarfe. Dangane da mazugi na kore, wato, a farkon lokacin fadada ganye daga kumburin, zaku iya aiwatar da 1% ruwa Bordeaux. Idan ganye da yawa sun bayyana akan harbe, ya zama dole don yayyafa gonar inabin tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi Ridomil Gold.
Suna ƙoƙari su ware shirye-shiryen tagulla daga amfani da yau da kullun, amma har yanzu babu wasu fungicides da suka fi sauƙi da aminci fiye da cakuda Bordeaux.
A farkon lokacin bazara, kafin farkon kwararar ruwan 'ya'yan itace, karamin amfanin gona ne kawai za a iya aiwatarwa. Ya fi dacewa a yanka inabi a ƙarshen kaka, kafin tsari don hunturu. Amma babban aikin a kan yadda aka saba da daji daga karin harbe-harbe, watse rukunin matakai kuma, Abin takaici, ya kamata a yi wani ɓangaren gungu a lokacin rani, yayin da suke har yanzu suna kore da ƙarami: ba za a bar gunbin biyu akan kowane harbe a Amirkhan ba, gwargwadon halayen iri-iri. Idan kuna aiki tukuru a lokacin rani, a cikin bazara zai kasance da sauƙin. Jimlar nauyin da ke kan daji ya kamata bai wuce idanu 40 ba.
Ayyukan kore a kan inabi suna da sauƙi kuma ba sa cutarwa.
Kafin farkon sanyi (a ƙarshen ƙarshen Oktoba), dole ne a cire duk vines daga trellis, a ɗaure a cikin bunches kuma an rufe shi da kowane kayan dumama a ƙasa. A cikin yankuna marasa matsanancin ƙarfi, rassan spruce ko rassan spruce, busassun bishiyoyi sun dace da wannan, a cikin yanayin tsauraran yanayi suna ƙoƙarin yin amfani da kayan da ba sa ko tsofaffin raƙuna. Matsalar ita ce cewa a ƙarƙashinsu suna jin kyawawan berayen da ke lalata ɓarnar inabi. Sakamakon haka, duk saman dajin ya mutu. Sabili da haka, game da tsari mai ƙarfi, magungunan kashe kwari don ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwayoyi tabbas ya zama bazuwar ƙarƙashin sa.
Abin takaici, game da irin wannan nau'in innabi mara kyau kamar Amirkhan, ba a harba bidiyo mai inganci ba, kuma abin da aka bayar akan hanyar sadarwar ba ta dace sosai don kallo ba. Bayanin da ke cikinsu ya zo cikin muryar inzali.
Bidiyo: innabi Amirkhan
Nasiha
Ina girma Amirkhan har tsawon shekaru 18. Ina son shi. Wannan shekara ta fito da kyau sosai. mai kyau, bunch shine mafi girma 850 gr., kuma galibi 600-700. Berry 4-5, fatar fata ce mai kauri, naman jiki ne mai laushi, mai taushi. Kusan kusan babu wani ban ruwa; ana yinsa da kyau koda a cikin ruwan sama. Ba ya son ɗaukar nauyi, to, berries suna raguwa (Ina da shi kamar wannan a bara, lokacin da na bar gungu 2 don tserewa). Yana da kusanci ga launin toka, amma yana da matukar wuya. Wasps bauta masa, kuma ya ƙone a rana, Na rataye wani spandbod.
Vladimir Petrov//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?p=27425
A iri-iri ne sosai wuya a kan tsari na biyu gungu da harbe. Tare da ɗan ƙara nauyin nauyin bunches, Berry ba ya ɗaukar sukari kuma itacen inabin ya girma da talauci. Wajibi ne a kula da gungu. Gungu suna da yawa kuma a lokacin fitar da bishiran da kanta take murƙushe kanta, ruwan 'ya'yan itace yana gudana a gare ku kuma yana cike da fari. Na tsunduma cikin wani aski na bunches, a cikin goga a kan Peas, cire duk ƙanana da ɓangare na al'ada berries. Sakamakon haka, goge ya juya ya zama mafi yawan friable, Berry yana da ɗan girma kuma mafi mahimmanci, Berry bai tura kansa ba.
Vladimir//plodpitomnik.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=260
Amirkhanchik ya kafe sosai a yankin na. 4 fruiting. Ripens kowane bazara tare da sukari mai kyau. Wani yanki mai tarin yawa kafin lalatawar da yayan itace, amma bai taba fashewa ko yawo ba. Likes na sonbathe.
Victor//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=944.0
Amirkhan nau'in innabi ne wanda bai nuna wani abu na musamman ba, amma an girma ne a babban yanki na ƙasarmu. Wannan shi ne saboda ta unpretentiousness, farkon girbi, kuma mai kyau, ku ɗanɗani berries. Saboda ƙarancin amfanin ƙasa, mai lambu yana iya buƙatar dasa wasu plantan itace biyu na wasu nau'ikan, amma Amirkhan har ma ba tare da pollinators ba da 'ya'yan itace a kai a kai.
