Bishiyar taguwa berry: yadda ake shuka kankana da kanka

Ana kawo mafi kyawun watermelons daga yankuna na kudu, amma zaka iya samun girbi mai kyau na wannan babbar bishiyar bishiyoyi a yankin Moscow; dasa watermelons har ma a yankin Leningrad. Ya juya cewa wannan ba mai wahala bane, kawai kuna buƙatar sanin kayan yau da kullun game da kiwo guna kuma kuyi karamin aiki. Ayyuka na yau da kullun sun saba da kowane mai lambu, kuma lokacin bazara mai sanyi sosai na iya zama cikas.

Bayanin Shuka

Kankana nasa ne ga dangin kabewa, inji ne na shekara-shekara. Yawancin nau'ikan suna da kara mai hawa hawa, suna haɓaka har zuwa mita biyu. Ganyen yana da duhu kore a launi, babba, tare da ƙaƙƙarfan dissection. Dangane da rarrabuwa tsakanin halittu, 'ya'yan itacen birrai ne, manya-manyan, galibi suna da sihiri. A wasu nau'ikan, ba ƙwallo bane, amma ɗan itacen elongated mai siffa kamar torpedo. Yawan nauyin tayin yana da mahimmanci: yana iya zama daga 500 g zuwa 20 kg. Kankana kankana yana da launuka iri-iri na kore; mafi yawan lokuta ana rufe shi da raunin duhu ko haske, amma kuma yana iya zama monophonic. Ganyen yana da danshi, a mafi yawan lokuta ja ko ruwan hoda mai duhu, amma akwai ire-irensu da farin orange ko rawaya. Yawancin lokaci akwai yawancin tsaba, suna da yawa, tsawon 1-2 cm, lebur, wuya, baƙi ko launin ruwan kasa.

Yadda kankana ke tsiro

Babban ɓangare na amfanin kankana an samu shi ne a cikin yankin mai zurfi, ƙasa da ƙarancin yanayi. A cikin Rasha, kankana an shuka shi sosai a cikin ƙananan yankin Volga da kuma a arewacin Caucasus, amma lambu mai son inganta al'adu sosai ga arewa. Kankana ta fito ne daga yankin Afirka. Wannan al'ada ta yarda da zafi da fari, tana buƙatar zafi da hasken rana mai haske. Koyaya, kankana kullum yana jure yanayin sanyayashi, yana ƙyalƙyalin abun da yakai ƙasa. Tushen sami damar tsotse ruwa daga zurfin zurfi, don haka kankana ya sami damar girma cikin yanayin rashin ƙarfi. A lokaci guda, yana amsawa da kyau ga ban ruwa na wucin gadi, wanda, a haɗe tare da dasa kan ƙasa mai yashi mai laushi, yana fitar da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu inganci sosai.

Kankana yakamata ya kasance a rana, kuma tsirrai tsirrai su sami nasu ruwan

Aikace-aikacen

Kankana abu ne mai kyau ga mutanen kowane zamani. A cikin ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai sauki digestible sugars fi - glucose da fructose, haka ma, ta hanyar abun ciki na ƙarshen, yana ɗaya daga cikin zakarun a tsakanin tsire-tsire masu girma. Kankana yana dauke da wasu kwayoyin halitta na jiki, wadanda suka hada da folic acid, wanda ke da matukar muhimmanci ga jikin dan adam. Kankana yana taimakawa wajen daidaita yawan mai, wanda ya kayyade amfani da shi a magani da abinci mai gina jiki, ya ƙunshi salts na baƙin ƙarfe da sauran abubuwan ganowa. Akwai ma manufar abincin kankana.

An yi amfani da kankana musamman sabo, azaman kayan zaki na bazara mai ban mamaki. Ana iya cinye shi a kusan adadin marasa iyaka, kodayake likitoci sun yi gargaɗi game da wuce haddi a gaban wasu cututtuka. A lokaci guda, yayin babban girbi, ana kuma bayar da izinin watermelons akan girbin daban-daban. Za'a iya shirya ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga gare su, kuma tare da jinkirin bushewa daga ƙarshen, ana iya samun zuma. Dadi candied kankana an san shi. Akwai mutane da yawa masu son salted da gwangwani watermelons: irin waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa suna cinye kananan' ya'yan itatuwa, gami da waɗanda ba sa cikakke.

Iri daban-daban

Dukkan nau'ikan kifin da aka sani da kyan gani ana rarraba su ne a farkon ripening, tsakiyar ripening da marigayi. Idan zamuyi magana game da kasarmu, to daga baya iri (misali, Spring, Icarus, Holodok) yana da ma'ana a shuka kawai a cikin yawancin yankuna na kudu; a Tsakiyar Rasha kawai nau'ikan farkon, irin su Victoria, Skorik, Ogonyok, suna da lokaci don cikakken girma. Yawancin matsakaici na (Babbar Lezhebok, Ataman, da sauransu) sun mamaye matsayi na tsaka-tsaki. Daga cikin "nau'ikan gargajiya" na kankana, waɗanda suka fi shahara su ne waɗannan.

• Spark sanannen sanannen iri ne game da cikakke, sananne ne tun zamanin USSR. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari kaɗan (game da 2 kilogiram), tsaba a cikinsu ƙananan ƙanana ne, kuma jiki yana da kyakkyawan kyakkyawan dandano. Haushi na bakin ciki, launinta launin baƙi-kore mai tsami tare da tsarin launi. Daban-daban suna iya cikakkiyar cikakkiyar fa'ida a cikin Tsakiyar Black Earth, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya.
• Chill shine ɗayan shahararrun nau'in marigayi cikakƙen ruwa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari an adana su fiye da watanni 3, iri-iri suna da amfani sosai, suna da dandano mai kyau. Sanshin sanyi ya bayyana a farkon shekarun 1990, an yi niyyar dasa shi ne a Arewacin Caucasus da ƙananan Volga. Isajin yana da iko sosai, tare da dogon (har zuwa 5 mita) lashes, matsakaici mai tsayayya da cututtuka. 'Ya'yan itacen suna da ɗan elongated, masu nauyin kimanin 4 kilogiram, kore mai duhu tare da kusan ratsi baƙar fata. Ba za a iya kira kankana-bakin ciki ba, amma ana jigilar shi da kyau. Jiki na kankana mai haske ja, mai zaki, mai taushi.
• Suga jariri - iri ne wanda aka haɗa a cikin Rajistar Jiha da ba ta daɗewa, an yi niyya don yankin tsakiyar Black Earth, amma ana iya girma a arewacin yayin da sauƙin jure sanyi, ciki har da lokacin bazara. A dama-sosai-farkon ripening. Thean daji da ganyayyaki suna da matsakaici, thean itacen yana daɗaɗɗa amma ƙarami: mafi yawa daga cikin samfuran sun kai 1 kg, kuma ,an kaxan ne ke girma zuwa 4 kilogiram. 'Ya'yan itace na bakin ciki ne, santsi, a waje da launin kore mai duhu da aka saba. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne duhu ja a launi, tare da kadan tsaba. Ana nuna halayen dandano masu kyau sosai. Tun da an fassara "Suga jariri" a matsayin "Sugar Baby", a kan hanyar sadarwa za ku iya samun bayanin ire-ire iri a ƙarƙashin sunayen biyu, wanda hakan na iya haifar da wasu rudani. Don haka, kwatanta "Sugar Baby", suna nuna cewa an ba da shawarar don yanayin yanayi mai tsauri, gami da namo a Siberiya, saboda yana da tsayayya sosai ga yanayin zafi. Koyaya, iri iri a ƙarƙashin wannan sunan (Rashanci) ba ya cikin Rajistar Jiha, amma a lokaci guda, babban ɓangaren bayanin ya dace da sunayen Rasha da Turanci. Bambance-bambancen na duniya: yana da kyau ba kawai sabo bane, har ma a cikin ɗaukar hoto. Sauƙaƙe yana canja wurin sufuri.
• Crimson Suite yana ɗayan nau'ikan gaye waɗanda aka girma a cikin yawancin ƙasashen Turai, na asalin Faransa. Kankana matsananci-farkon ripening, amma a sashi - ɗayan mafi girma. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari daga ciki suna da nauyin kilogram 10, kuma suna iya girma har ma da girma. Launin launi - classican wasa na gargajiya, naɗaɗɗa (raɗaɗɗen rami mai ban tsoro game da bangon kore), naman mai launin ja mai duhu, ba tare da gudana ba, mai daɗi da daɗi, mai daɗi. 'Ya'yan itacen suna ɗaukar ruwa, ana ajiye su da kyau, kuma tsirrai su kansu fari ne da masu tsayayya da cuta.

Gaban Hoton Hoto: ariananan Kalaran Kalamar ruwa

Baya ga waɗanda aka jera a wannan jerin, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an yi amfani da nau'ikan abubuwa masu ban mamaki, waɗanda ba su dace da hoto na yau da kullun na fure ba tare da jan ciki cike da tsaba masu yawa. Don haka, alal misali, akwai ɗan baƙar fata mai tsada mai sauƙi da ƙanƙantare. Densuke iri-iri ne ke girma a Japan. A waje daya, baki daya ne mai duhu, mai sheki, ba tare da ratsi ba, mai nauyin kilo 5-7, kuma a ciki yana dauke da tsohuwar ja mai haske mai kyau. Gaskiya ne, gourmets waɗanda suka ɗanɗane shi suna kwatanta dandano ba wai kawai mai dadi ba, amma kamar yadda yake da girma. A lokaci guda, a Rasha akwai wasu gida, maras tsada, iri da suke kama da Densuke. Irin waɗannan, alal misali, Black Prince ko Black Excellent. Wataƙila ba su da daɗin ci, amma ba sa tsada sosai a kasuwa.

Densuke baƙar fata na bakin ruwa mai tsada yana da tsada sosai, amma daidai ne a yanke shawara game da gourmets

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, watermelons tare da rawaya mai launin fata sun shigo cikin fashion. Waɗannan tsire-tsire ne na gari; A waje guda ba su da bambanci da kankana na gargajiya, amma a ciki suna da rawaya. Suna da kusan babu ƙwaya (kuma wani lokacin ba komai), ɗanɗano ya sha bamban da na yau da kullun. Namijin na iya kasancewa da kayan ƙanshi na Mango, lemun tsami, abarba da sauran fruitsan itacen na kudu. Don haka, alal misali, kimanin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, ƙwanin Lunniy an haɗa shi a cikin Rijistar Jiha na Federationungiyar Rasha. Kamar duk sauran mayikan ruwa masu launin rawaya, ana kwatanta shi da farkon farfadowa. Isan daji yana da matsakaici-matsakaici, 'ya'yan itacen yana daɗaɗɗa a cikin siffar, ƙaramin: tarorsa daga kilogiram 2 zuwa 3. A waje yana taguwa, amma jiki mai haske ne launin rawaya a launi, mai kamshi, mai daɗin gaske. Ofarfin ajiyar ajiya (kimanin wata guda).

Lunar a waje shine kankana na yau da kullun, amma a ciki yana kama da sabon abu

Tuni a cikin tsakiyar karni na karshe, nau'in watermelons tare da cikakken ƙarancin tsaba an bred. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, irin waɗannan watermelon masu daɗin gaske, siffar yawancin nau'ikan yana da yawa, kuma taro yana da ɗan ƙaramin abu (kusan 4 kilogiram).

Tambaya mai ma'ana: yadda za'a shuka irin kankana? A saboda wannan, ana samun tsaba ta hanyar rarrabuwa ta musamman tare da wasu nau'ikan, amma wannan hanya yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa girma marar kankana yafi ɗan wuya fiye da yadda aka saba.

'Ya'yan kwayar halitta marasa kwalliya sune, misali, Imbar F1, Regus F1, Boston F1. Don haka, kifin Boston F1 an haɗa shi a cikin Rijistar Jiha na Federationungiyar Rasha kuma an ba da shawarar yin namo a yankin Arewacin Caucasus. Yana nufin farkon ripening hybrids, Forms dogon-daji daji. 'Ya'yan itacen yana da yanki mai haske, kore mai kauri, tare da kunkuntar rarar da ake gani. Babban nauyin da ya saba zuwa 4 kilogiram, wakilan mutum suna girma zuwa kilogiram 10, mai launin fata. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne mai dadi, ruwan hoda-ja launi. 'Ya'yan itacen suna da kyau, amma an adana su ba makwanni biyu bayan girbi.

Nazarin wasu nau'ikan

A bara na yanke shawara in gwada don "pampering" don samar da kankana a KALININGRAD! Na zabi farkon matakin "Spark" na kamfanin "Siberian Gardener". Germination ya kasance 100%. Hagu kawai guda biyu., Mafi aiki. Shuka na wata-wata da aka shuka a cikin wani hucin ƙasa. Sun dace sosai da tumatir a cikin ƙauye)))) Ba hawa, ban ma cire cire mai))) Ba da daɗewa ba ruwa 2 na ruwa a kan kowane tsiro. Ya ci gaba da ja da baya kuma yayi fure, amma ni na goge abin duka, ba za mu sami lokacin tsiro ba. A karshen watan Agusta, kabewa 3 ne suka farfado. Na huɗu ba su da lokacin shuka. Inarami kaɗan amma mai nauyi. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne orange-ja. Juyarwa Bonesan ƙasusuwa! Gabaɗaya, Ina mai farin ciki !!!

"Julia773"

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Ban yi abokai tare da Chill ba har tsawon yanayi biyu. Ya daga masa hannu, dukda cewa idan ya yi tasiri, zaku iya ajiye shi har zuwa Sabuwar Shekara. Ko da babu kyawawan ɗakunan cellar, to, a kan loggia na gilashin gilashi yana kwance har sai haske mai sanyi. Kuma wane nau'in dandano ne Chill - kankana na duk kankana.

"Jamusanci"

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Kuma ina son Suga Baby ko sugar sugar, kankana ba su da girma, amma mai daɗi da daɗi.

Ninyureva

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Crimson Suite shine farkon iri-iri, don Siberiya - ainihin abu !!!, da tabbacin bayarwa duk da cewa ba irin waɗannan manyan kankana (a yanzu mafi girma 4 kilogram), amma a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, da alama a gare ni, akwai kimanin 6-7 kg - Ban yi awo da shi ba, saboda na sayi sikeli kawai ƙarshen fall don nauyin yau da kullun na "zakara". Kamar dai ana iya ɗaukar nauyin kankana a ɗan ƙaramin tsari.

Ukolova

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Shuka kankana iri

A kudu kuma a mafi yawan yankuna na Volan ƙananan Volga yana yiwuwa a girma watermelons ta shuka iri kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa buɗe, amma a cikin yankuna ba mai ɗorewa wannan al'ada ba, shiri na farko shine ya zama dole. Wani lokaci dole ne a shuka shuki a kudu, idan akwai sha'awar samun 'ya'yan itaciyar sababbin iri.

Dasa tsaba don shuka

Idan aka sayi tsaba a cikin kantin sayar da kayan masarufi kuma mai samarwa ba shi da shakku, ba a buƙatar shirin farko na tsaba ba. Amma idan an dauko tsaba daga kankana da aka sayo don abinci, dole ne a mai da hankali. Da fari dai, yana iya zama hallara, sannan babu wani abin kirki da zai same shi. Abu na biyu, tsaba suna iya ɗaukar alamun ɓoye na cutar, saboda haka dole ne a lalata su aƙalla. Binciken tsaba don shuka ba lallai ba ne: sun dace da akalla shekaru 6 a cikin kankana, amma zaɓi mafi girma ya cancanci hakan.

Don kamuwa da cuta, ana saka tsaba a tsawon mintuna 20-30 a cikin wani duhu na maganin potassium, sannan kuma a wanke da ruwa. Lokacin girma kankana a yankin tsakiyar da kuma a arewacin, yana da kyau a taurara tsaba (riƙe na kimanin awanni 12 a cikin rigar da ke cikin firiji). Wannan matakin zai kuma taimaka a cikin rigakafin yawancin cututtuka. Idan ba ku aikata haka ba, zaku iya jiƙa ƙwayarsu kafin dasa shuki, amma soaking zai ba da amfani na kwana biyu kawai cikin saurin fitowar seedlings, zaku iya shuka ya bushe.

Kankana kankana sauki cikin sauki: suna da girma sosai

Dangane da yiwuwar lokacin dasa shuki 35-hari seedlings a cikin ƙasa bude ko greenhouse, shi dai itace cewa kana buƙatar shuka tsaba don seedlings a tsakiyar ko marigayi Afrilu (dangane da yankin). Tunda watermelons suna cikin raɗaɗi mai raɗaɗi, ya fi kyau a shuka iri a cikin kofuna daban tare da damar aƙalla 250 ml da zurfin kusan 10 cm (an fi amfani da tukwane peat). A matsayin makoma ta ƙarshe, shuka na farko a cikin akwatin tare da m dasa a tukwane mai yiwuwa ne. Ilasa - cakuda daidai sassan ƙasar gona, yashi, humus da peat ko cakuda da aka saya a cikin shago.

Kafin shuka, theasa ta ɗan jiƙa sannan an binne tsaba zuwa zurfin kusan 3 cm, ana zuba saman sandar yashi mai tsabta na 0.5-1 cm.Zaka iya sanya tsaba a cikin tukunya (sannan ka cire ƙarin )an seedlings), shuka a cikin akwatin gama gari bayan 3-4 gani

Kulawar seedling

Abu ne mai sauki mu lura da shuki. Nan da nan bayan shuka, dole ne a sanya “mai lambun” a cikin rana mai haske kuma zazzage ya ragu zuwa kimanin 18 ° C, kuma bayan 'yan kwanaki sai a dawo da shi zuwa darajar 22 ° C a rana da 18 ° C da dare. A nan gaba, ya zama dole don saka idanu kan yanayin kasar gona da hasken wuta: awanni hasken rana ya kamata ya zama aƙalla awanni 12, saboda haka, wataƙila, dole ne a yiwa ɗan itacen alama. Yana da Dole a ruwa a ƙarƙashin tushe, amma dan kadan: ƙasa ya kamata ya ɗan daɗaɗa.

Kwana 5-7 bayan da 'ya'yan itacen suka ciji, dole ne a fitar da su: idan shuka ya kasance a cikin tukwane, bar guda a lokaci guda, idan a cikin akwatin - cire a fili ba lallai ba. Kwana bayan thinning, zaku iya ba saman miya: bayani mai rauni na takaddun ma'adinai mai hadaddun (bisa ga umarnin) ko jiko na ash.

A cikin wata daya, seedlingsan itacen kankana ya yi girma don yin girma a cikin daji

Mako guda kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, ana koyar da ciyawar kankana a cikin iska mai laushi, lokaci-lokaci suna kai wa baranda. A lokacin dasa shuki a gonar, ya kamata ya zama bushes mai ƙarfi tare da ganye na ainihi 4-5.

Shin zai yuwu a ɗauki seedlingsan itacen kankana

A cikin ma'anar gargajiya, ɗaukar kankana ba a yarda da shi ba: ƙaramin lahani ga tushen tsakiyar yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa ƙarin aiki zai zama mara ma'ana: koda kuwa ba su mutu ba, bai kamata ku jira amfanin gona na yau da kullun ba. Amma idan an yi shuka a cikin akwati na kowa, lokacin da ganye na gaskiya na farko ya bayyana, zaku iya dasa watermelons a cikin tukwane, fitar da kowane seedling tare da kyakkyawan dunƙule na ƙasa kuma ba tare da keta tsarin tushen ba. Wannan za a iya yin hakan ne kawai idan kuna da ƙwarewa sosai a cikin aikin lambun kuma idan ya zama tilas: don kada seedlingsan itacen su ma jin cewa an yi amfani da su.

Bidiyo: nasihu don girma kankana

Kulawar Kankana Na Gida

Kankana wani tsire-tsire ne mai ɗumi mai daukar hoto, don haka suke dasa shi lokacin da ainihin zafi ya faru kuma akan gado. Duk da cewa da girma daji ba ya kama girma, da kankana yana bukatar mai yawa sarari, dasa bai kamata a thickened: wannan al'adar na son sarari.

Dasa kankana a cikin fili

Kankana ana sanya shi a wani wuri mai kariya daga iska ta arewa; in ya yiwu - a kan karamin tudu domin kada ruwa ya yi tururuwa, wanda tushen sa zai iya jujjuya su. Mafi kyawun ƙasa sune loam mai sauƙi ko sandy loam tare da yanayin tsaka tsaki. Zai fi kyau dasa su a wurin da tafarnuwa, albasa, Peas ko kabeji suka girma a bara. Kada ku dasa ayaba bayan kayan lambu na solanaceous. Amma ga kowane lambu mazauna, gonar gado dole ne a shirya a fall, digging kasar gona da kowane taki, sai dai sabo taki. Ba da daɗewa ba kafin dasawa seedlings, dole ne a saki ƙasa ta ƙara lita na ash a kowace murabba'in mita. Ya fi son kankana da magnesium, saboda haka yana da kyau a sanya takin-magnesium wanda ya ƙunshi takin gargajiya (a kusan 5 g a 1 m²).

Kankana ana shukawa lokacin da zafin rana yake kan tsari na 15-20 ^{game da}C, kuma dare - ba ƙasa da 8 ba ^{game da}C. Nisawa tsakanin tsirrai a kan babban filin na iya jurewa daga mita 1.5 zuwa 3, amma a cikin ƙasar, hakika, babu sarari da yawa. Koyaya, ramuka ba zai iya zama kusa da juna fiye da a cikin rabin mita ba, amma yana da kyau a yi amfani da tsarin 100 x 70 cm.

Kankana seedlings an koma gadaje a hanyar da ta saba:

1. A wuraren da aka zaɓa, suna yin diba na ramin ɗan da ɗan girma fiye da tukwane tare da shuka.
2. An kawo rabin gilashin ash a cikin ramin da aka haƙa, haxa shi da kyau tare da ƙasa kuma ana shayar da shi sauƙi.
3. A Hankali da fitar da fitar da seedlings-shayar da ruwa (ba tare da lahani ga tushen), dasa shi, dan kadan zurfafa.
4. Kowane daji an zuba shi da ruwa mai ɗumi a ƙarƙashin tushe, to, ana zuba yashi mai tsabta a cikin gado tare da yanki na kusan 1 cm, yana sanya shi aƙalla a kusa da kowace shuka.

Watse

Kankana na jure wa fari da kyau kuma baya buƙatar wahalar ruwa. Rage shi kawai har sai an samar da 'ya'yan itace, ana buƙatar danshi musamman a cikin lokacin girma na kayan ganye. Kafin fure, kasar gona yakamata ya kasance mai laushi akai-akai, amma ba fadama ba. Wajibi ne a yi ruwa a ƙarƙashin tushe, ya fi kyau da yamma, ruwan ta wannan lokacin yana dumama cikin rana. Bayan yin ruwa, m loosening wajibi ne. Yana tare da weeding, amma kamar yadda daji ke tsiro, kankana kanta kange ciyawa, kuma nan da nan za'a manta da sako.

A lokacin zubarwa da tumatir na kankana berries, ƙasa, ya yi akasin haka, an ɗanɗana dan kadan: a wannan lokacin, tushen tushe mai ƙarfi ya samo tushe a cikin kankana, ya shiga zurfin mita kuma samun isasshen danshi daga ciki. Ruwan sama mai saurin gaske wanda ke faruwa a cikin rabin lokacin bazara, maimakon haka, lalata ingancin amfanin gona, ya sa 'ya'yan itatuwa basu da dadi.

Manyan miya

Watermelons suna ciyar da matsakaici; Ya kamata a kula da kulawa ta musamman game da amfani da takin mai magani na nitrogen, ya fi kyau kar a yi amfani da su ba tare da gaggawa ba: nitrogen da ke cikin takaddun takaddun zai isa. An gabatar da suturar farko lokacin sati daya da rabi bayan dasawa kankana a cikin lambu, karo na biyu wata daya kenan. Zai fi kyau ɗaukar infusions na mullein, ƙara ash ash a gare su, kuma idan ba su can - ammofosk ko azofosk (bisa ga umarnin da miyagun ƙwayoyi). Da zaran an daure 'ya'yan itatuwa, ya kamata a dakatar da ciyar da abinci: kankana zai samu abinci mai gina jiki.

Zai dace don aiwatar da riguna masu kyau tare da mahaɗa na musamman don gourds

Samuwar daji (pinching harbe, trimming wuce haddi lashes da kuma watse kashe matakai)

A cikin aiwatar da ci gaban daji, kankana ya kamata a canza lokaci zuwa lokaci domin kada suyi hulɗa da junan su. Amma wannan ya yi nisa daga mafi wuya: yana da mahimmanci don samar da daji daidai, cire karin harbe daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. Lokacin ƙirƙirar tsire-tsire na kankana, babban aikin shine ba ya kashe kuzarinsa akan haɓakar ƙwayar kore mara amfani, kuma yana jagorantar iyakar abinci mai gina jiki ga samuwar da tumatir. Bugu da kari, dole ne a cire wasu daga cikin 'ya'yan itacen, tunda duk wadanda aka daure, daji ba zai iya samar da abinci ba koda a mafi yawan filaye. Dukkanin ayyukan pruning dole ne a aiwatar da su a rana mai kyau wanda ya sa yanke ko tsunkule wurare bushe da sauri.

Hanyar samuwar ya dogara da yankin da kankana yake girma. Wannan aikin yana da mahimmanci a yankuna na arewacin, inda lokacin bazara ya ƙarance, kuma kowace rana mai zafi tana da mahimmanci a cikin batun fitar da ruwa. Bugu da kari, hanya ta hanya kuma ya dogara da nau'in kankana: samuwar daji shine mafi mahimmanci ga manyan nau'ikan itace. Dukkanin aiki akan raba kayan amfanin gona yakamata a yi lokacin da berries suka girma daga kwan kaji. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don ƙirƙirar ciyawar 'ya'yan itace kankana da kyau.

• Dangane da zabin farko, an bar 'ya'yan itace uku zuwa shida a kan babban tushe (dangane da girman da aka yi niyyarsu), kuma an cire dukkanin ƙwayoyin daga harbe a kaikaice. A lokaci guda, da harbe a kaikaice ba a yarda ya yi girma da tsunkule su a kan na huɗu takardar. Ma'anar barin takaice shine samar da abinci don babban tushe. Amma yayin da 'ya'yan itatuwa ke girma, a hankali ana cire harbe-harbe a kaikaice, suna farawa da waɗanda ke kusa da asalinsu.
• A cikin sigar sabanin, a akasin wannan, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari suna girma a kan gefen harbe, suna barin Berry ɗaya akan kowane (don bushes mai ƙarfi - mafi yawan biyu), kuma a cikin duka - daga samfurori 4 zuwa 6 a kowane daji. Uku ganye suna ragu a kan 'ya'yan itãcen, tsunkule sauran gefen gefen harbe. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari waɗanda aka kafa akan babban tushe an cire.
• Babban zaɓi mafi ƙaranci shine barin harbe-harbe ko kaɗan. Har zuwa 'ya'yan itãcen marmari guda biyar an bar su a babban tushe, amma saboda a tsakanin su akwai ganyayyaki 4-5. An yi imani da cewa abinci mai gina jiki daga waɗannan ganyen ya kamata ya isa don samuwar 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, musamman idan ire-iren ba ya haifar da yuwuwar samun berries babba.

Yaya za a tantance wane zaɓi zaɓi? Da alama dai mazaunin rani talakawa ba shi da ma'anar yin tunani a kansa, amma kawai ka tuna rulesan ka'idodi:

• kada ku bar 'ya'yan itaciya sama da shida a daji;
• a kowane fitarwa suna barin Berry guda ɗaya dangane da nau'ikan manyan frua fruan itace da aƙalla biyu a cikin yanayin kananan fruan itace;
• bayan kankana ya yi girma har zuwa dunkulalliya, sai a bar ganyen 4-5 a saman sa.

Ko da lokacin da samuwar daji da alama da kammala da aiki girma daga 'ya'yan itãcen da karuwa a taro fara, matakai za su lokaci-lokaci bayyana daga sinuses na ganye bar - ƙarin gefen harbe. Yana da kyau a yi doka don bincika goge-gogen mako-mako kuma a raba yara ƙanana, ba ƙyale su su ƙaru ba. Gaskiya ne, a wannan lokacin ya riga ya zama wanda ba a ke so ya kunna lashes, don haka ya kamata a yi a hankali sosai. Kamar yadda 'ya'yan itacen ke girma, filayen katako ko katako ya kamata a sa a ƙarƙashinsu domin kar su juya a cikin damina, suna kwance a ƙasa mai laima.

Duk shirye-shiryen da ake samu na samuwar tsire-tsire na kankana sun hada da pinching mafi yawancin mai tushe da barin fruitsan fruitsan itace kawai a daji

Yadda za a yi girma square kankana ("Jafananci" fasaha)

Kankana (mafi daidaituwa, mai siffar sukari) kankana abu ne mai kyau saboda zai ɗauki ƙasa da sarari lokacin adanawa ko jigilar amfanin gona. Wannan “mu'ujjizar” ba ta da sauran fa'ida, kuma babu ma'ana cikin ƙoƙarin yin girma da ita. Amma masoya irin wannan m iya samun square taguwar berries daga kowane fi so iri. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar yin kofofin kwastom na filastik amintacce na girman da ya dace.

Menene ma'anar daidai? Diagonal na fuskar shigowar ya kamata ya zama ya fi girma girman diamita na kankana da aka gabatar, wanda zai yi girma a cikin wannan tanki. A cikin mawuyacin mahalli, kankana bazai yi ɗamara da gaske ba, kuma a cikin wani fili mai yawa ba zai zama "murabba'in" ba: 6aukacin bangarorin 6 masu ɓoye ne kawai za'a samu. Don kumburin ya sake yin amfani da shi, ba shakka, dole ne ya zama mai rikitarwa, kuma a ɗayan fuskokin kuna buƙatar yin rami tare da diamita na 3-4 cm don tserewa tare da 'ya'yan itacen. Bugu da kari, kuna buƙatar buɗan ƙarami da yawa don samun iska, in ba haka ba Berry a cikin wannan kurar za kawai ya lalace.

Kankana mai murabba'i anan gaba yayi rayuwarsa gaba daya a cikin tsaka mai wuya

Sannan komai yana da sauki. Da zaran kankana ya girma girman apple, an sanya shi cikin ƙirar kuma ana ci gaba da kulawa ta yau da kullun, kallon yadda yake ji. Wataƙila ku ɗan sha ruwa kadan, juya kurar, matsar da 'ya'yan itacen a ciki yayin da yake karami. Amma da zaran ya girma ya fara hutawa a bakin kogi, zai ɗauki siffar kumburi. Babu shakka, a cikin irin wannan hanya mai yiwuwa ana iya yin girma ba kawai watermelons mai siffar sukari ba, har ma, alal misali, su wadannin pyramidal.

Cutar da Magunguna

Kankana shine tsire-tsire na thermophilic, amma sauran gabaɗaya basu da ma'ana. Tare da kulawar da ta dace, da wuya ta kamu da rashin lafiya ko kwari ke kaiwa ta. Mafi sau da yawa, a cikin gurneti mai son, ko da ba a buƙatar fesa ruwa ba; a cikin manyan gonaki, ba shakka, ana aiwatar da hanyoyin kariya. Don hana cututtukan da za a iya yiwuwa (rot, spotting, powdery mildew, anthracnose) amfani da, misali, irin waɗannan sanannun kwayoyi kamar Fundazol ko Decis, da ruwa na Bordeaux na gargajiya. Kowane ɗayansu yana da ikon rusa wasu ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma idan ya cancanta, ya kamata kuyi nazarin umarnin.

Kankana yana da pestsan kwari. Mafi na kowa - gourd aphids, wireworms, daban-daban ticks. Don tsoratar da yawancinsu, ya isa ya fesa bakin ruwa tare da samfurori dangane da tsirrai na lambu ko kuma shirye-shiryen gidan mafi sauki. Don haka, a kan aphids da kyau taimaka infusions na taba ƙura ko itace ash (tare da karamin Additives na sabulu wanki). Wireworm da ganyayen ci-ganye suna girbe ta jawo shi cikin baits mai dadi waɗanda ke cikin ƙananan ramuka: zaki da infusions na tafarnuwa, mustard, tsutsa, barkono mai zafi, fiɗa tumatir.

Girbi da adanawa

Lokacin da amfanin gona ya matso da kayan girbi, tambayar ta taso: yaushe za a yanke kankana? Bayan haka, gaskiyar ita ce cewa an adana cikakkun berriesanyan bishiyoyi sosai, kuma idan kuna son cin kankana mai daɗin kai tsaye daga gonar, dole ku jira har sai ya zama mai daɗi kamar yadda iri-iri ya ba da dama. Tsananin adana su da wawannan ruwa wadanda basu kai matakin da ake kira matakin farko na balaga ba.

Tabbas, har sai kun yanke kankana, ba ku san ainihin abin da yake ciki ba: wani lokacin har ma da yawancin ƙwararrun kankana sun taɓa yin kuskure. Yanke mai sauki ne: idan launi na ɓangaren litattafan almara da tsaba suna haɗuwa da halaye na ɗabi'a, kankana a shirye. Misalin dan kadan mara inganci (jiki ya fi sauki fiye da na al'ada) na iya isa cikakkiyar girma da tara sukari lokacin ajiya. Amma ba za ku yanke berries a gonar ba!

Akwai alamu da yawa na ripeness:

• lokacin da kankana ya fashe, sai matashin kwalin ya juya ya zama mai haske;
• ɓawon burodi ya kasance mai ƙarfi kuma ba a soke shi da matsi mai ƙarfi tare da yatsun hannu;
• A cikin cikakkiyar daskararren kankana, ciyawar ta bushe;
• kyakkyawar alama alama ce mai launin rawaya a wurin da kankana ya kasance tare da ƙasa ko zuriyar dabbobi;
• idan kun buga kan kankana, to amintattun samfuran suna da sauti mai daɗi. Sautunan muryoyi suna cikin cikakke kuma, ana iya musayar su, kore (da kyau, don bambance tsakanin su ba mai wahala bane).

Mafi yawan 'yan dabbobin sune kananun ruwa na ƙarshen-fari, amma dole ne a cire su daidai. An yanke tumatir tare da wataƙila ko tare da wuka mai kaifi tare da farfajiya mai tsayin cm 5. Lokacin hawa zuwa ɗakunan ajiya, watermelons ya kamata ya kwanta akan zurfin laushi, kuma a cikin ajiya da kanta ma a cikin zuriyar dabbobi, mafi kyau daga bambaro, kuma kawai a cikin Layer ɗaya. Lokacin ajiya, ya kamata a sa su a lokaci-lokaci, a watsar da yanayin da ya fara lalacewa. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki na ajiya shine daga 6 zuwa 8 ° C, gumi bai wuce 85% ba. Amma ko da mafi yawan nau'ikan ladabi suna da wuya su iya rayuwa fiye da watanni uku.

Girma kankana a gida (a cikin guga)

Idan gidan yana da windowsill ko rana, kuna iya yin kankana a kansu. Gaskiya ne, yana buƙatar sarari mai yawa kyauta, kuma kusan ba shi yiwuwa a sami berry waɗanda ke yin nauyin 1 kg. Dukkanin tsari ya ƙunshi matakai guda ɗaya kamar yadda aka saba, kawai daga ƙananan tukwanen ciyayi, tsire-tsire tare da dunƙule na duniya ana canjawa wuri zuwa babban tukunya, tare da ƙara a kalla guga, kuma zai fi dacewa daga lita 15. Tabbas, zaku iya shuka tsaba a cikin guga (ba tare da mantawa ba don sanya ramuka a ƙasa).

A kan shuka ɗaya a gida, ba za ku iya barin fiye da 'ya'yan itatuwa biyu ba, amma bayan an yi nasarar dasa su. Kuma za a kafa su ne kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin iskar gas ta wucin gadi.

Dole ne maigidan ya san yadda furannin mata suka bambanta da furanni na namiji, da kuma furewar ta daga fure ta namiji (akan sikirin na bakin ciki) dole ne mace ta zana ta daban (tare da kazarar fitsari).

Sauran - kuna buƙatar saka idanu da zazzabi, danshi ƙasa kuma ba da kankana ƙarin haske.

Greenhouse watermelons, da amfani da raga

A cikin yankin yanayin sanyi, watermelons za a iya girma a cikin greenhouse. An shirya gadaje a gaba, yana gabatar da takin humus da ma'adinai a cikin su. Plantedwan itacen kankana ana shuka shine lokacin da zafin da daddare a cikin gidan kore bai sauka a kasa 6 ^{game da}Tare da hakan a tsakiyar Rasha yana faruwa a ƙarshen ƙarshen Afrilu. Kodayake, ba shakka, a cikin greenhouse zaka iya shuka watermelons da tsaba, kai tsaye a gonar.

Tunda dole ne ku ajiye sarari a cikin gidan kore, ana shuka watermelons a lokacin farin ciki, kuma an shirya trellises don jagorantar lashes. Yawancin lokaci ana shuka tsire-tsire bisa ga tsarin 50 x 70 cm, kuma nau'ikan farkon har ma suna dasa tsirrai guda biyu a cikin rami ɗaya, suna jagorantar harbe a cikin daban-daban. Idan ana kiyaye windows da kofofin cikin gidan kusan a ko da yaushe, a lokacin da ya dace ba za a iya samun kwari masu tashi a ciki ba, babu iska a can, don haka pollination na wucin gadi wajibi ne.

Idan kankana yayi girma a kan trellis, 'ya'yan itacen basa kwanciya a kasa, amma suna wani tsayin daka, saboda haka zasu iya fada yayin da suke girma. A wannan batun, lokacin da berries suka girma zuwa girman apple, ana sanya shi sau da yawa a cikin raga na kowane kayan da ke daure sosai ga trellis. A wannan yanayin, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ba su kwance a ƙasa kuma, sabili da haka, kada ku yi birgima. Bugu da kari, lokacin da a cikin Grid, suna a ko'ina suna kunna wuta daga dukkan bangarorin, wanda ke haifar da farkon farfadowa.

A raga da aka shimfiɗa a kan trellis suna barin watermelons kada su faɗi kuma ya fi kyau su yi yankan

Barrel namo, aikace-aikacen fim

Mazaunan mu na rani sanannu ne masu ƙwararar gwaji, kuma a cikin ƙoƙarin neman sararin samaniya, sun ƙirƙira hanyoyi da yawa na musamman na shuka kayan lambu. Don haka, kayan lambu da yawa, furanni har ma da strawberries sukan yi girma a cikin tsohuwar ganga marasa dacewa tare da ƙarawa na kimanin 200 lita. Kuna iya yin wannan tare da kankana. Ana sanya yawancin datti a ƙarƙashin ganga, wanda ke aiki a matsayin magudanar ruwa, kuma, kamar yadda ya yanke, shima taki. Top ciyawa, humus mai kyau, sannan ƙasa mai daɗi. Tun da ganga mai ƙarfe yakan cika wuta cikin rana, wannan kullun yana da zafi.

A cikin ganga, nan da nan za ku iya shuka tsaba ko shuka shuka (dangane da yanayin), amma a kowane hali, da farko kuna buƙatar rufe kankana tare da kayan da ba a saka ba. Isasshen sarari a cikin ganga na tsirrai biyu. Babu buƙatar trellis, kuma fure mai tasowa zai rataye, inda furanni zasu bayyana a saman duniya, sannan 'ya'yan itatuwa. Kula da kankana na yau da kullun ne, amma kuna iya buƙatar ƙarin shayarwa.

Wasu mazauna rani maimakon kayan da ba sa ba suna rufe shuka da aka dasa tare da filastik. A matsayin gwargwado na ɗan lokaci, za a iya amfani da wannan hanyar, amma tsawan lokaci na nuna ruwa a ƙarƙashin fim ɗin na iya haifar da lalata lalata. Za'a iya amfani da fim ɗin a gado na talakawa, da kuma a cikin takin gargajiya, amma na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Amfaninta na gaskiya shine rufe amfanin gona don ƙirƙirar tasirin kore don fitowar harbewa cikin sauri. Nan gaba, zaku iya yin ramuka don harbe kuma ku riƙe fim ɗin don wani ɗan lokaci don ƙasa tai sanyi. Amma kiyayewa na dogon lokaci a karkashin polyethylene na watermelons yana da m.

Siffofin girma kankana a yankuna daban-daban

Hassle-free girma watermelons mai yiwuwa ne kawai a kudanci, a wasu yankuna akwai dokoki, amma dukkansu suna da niyyar ƙirƙirar yanayi mai ɗumi na wannan gyada.

Kankana a Kudancin Rasha

A cikin yankuna na kudanci (farawa da Volgograd) ana shuka mamaye ne kawai daga masoya waɗanda suke son samun amfanin gona da wuri.A cikin masana'antar masana'antu, ana shuka kankana a ƙasa a buɗe, fara a tsakiyar lokacin bazara. Ana shayar da su ne kawai a farkon lokaci, kafin farkon farawar fure, sannan guna, a zahiri, ke tsiro da kanta.

An riga an fara daga yankin tsakiyar Black Earth, zaɓuɓɓuka suna yiwuwa. A nan, ana amfani da namo duka ta hanyar seedlings, kuma ba tare da shi ba, kuma shuka shuka a gonar yana yiwuwa a farkon Mayu. Yawancin lokaci ba a buƙatar ɗakunan katako ba.

A karo na farko, mazauna bazara da yawa suna rufe amfanin gona tare da fim. Wasu suna shuka kankana nan da nan bayan dasa shuki dankali a cikin wurin zama. Tun daga rabin na biyu na Yuni ba a shayar dasu kwata-kwata; hazo yawanci ya isa.

Yankunan tsakiya na Rasha, yankin Ural

A cikin yankuna na tsakiya na ƙasar, har ma fiye da haka a cikin Urals, ana iya girbe albarkatu a cikin ƙasa ba tare da shuka ba. Seedlings (zai fi dacewa a cikin tukwane peat) ana shuka su ne a gonar a ƙarshen bazara, amma kuma ana amfani da namo shinkafa, dasa shuki seedlings kai tsaye bayan hutun Mayu. Kawai ana amfani da nau'ikan farkon: Ogonyok, Skorik, Sibiryak, kuma idan akwai lokacin bazara mara nasara a cikin bude ƙasa, har ma ba za su iya girma ba kuma ana iya amfani dasu kawai don salting.

Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin gidajen katako, yawancin madarar ruwa da cucumbers, kodayake wannan ba zai yiwu a yi la'akari da m ba: kankana shine mazaunin yankuna masu bushewa, kuma cucumbers suna buƙatar iska mai laushi. Amma tare da samun iska mai dacewa da kuma kula da yawan zafin jiki mai dacewa, dukkanin albarkatun biyu zasu iya kawo amfanin gona mai kyau.

Bidiyo: ciyawar kankana a yanayin tsirrai

Yankin Arewa maso Yamma, Yankin Leningrad

Kwanan nan, an yi imanin cewa a cikin arewa maso yammacin kasar ba gaskiya bane don girma kan ruwa a cikin ƙasa, amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ana samun karuwar rahotannin cewa masu sha'awar gudanarwa suna yin wannan ko da a cikin Karelia da kuma yankin Murmansk. Gaskiya ne sa'a yana da kyau kuma ya dogara da yadda bazara ta kasance, kuma 'ya'yan itacen basu taɓa cin dadi sosai. Amma a cikin gidajen kore, kankana a Yankin Leningrad sun daɗe suna girma kuma suna cikin nasara. Amma ko da namo greenhouse ya unshi amfanin farkon nau'in kuma yana buƙatar ƙoƙari mai yawa. Tsakanin masana ilimin kimiyya, an yi imanin cewa iyakar da ba ta da tushe don girma na watermelons, har ma a cikin gidajen katako, suna gudana tare da layin St. Petersburg - Kirov: a cikin mafi yankuna na arewacin, "wasan bai cancanci kyandir ba."

Watermelons a Gabas ta Tsakiya

Jin zafi a Yankin gabashin Gabas ya isa sosai don girma a kan ruwa a cikin fili, akwai ma iri iri, alal misali, Ogonyok, Ranniy Kuban, Skorik, dukda cewa yana yiwuwa a shuka wasu nau'in, ban da na ƙarshen. Shuka tsaba kai tsaye cikin gonar ita ce, ba shakka, tana da haɗari, saboda haka suna yin amfani da hanyar seedling.

Bambancin kawai tsakanin fasahar Far Eastern da ta gargajiya ita ce cewa a cikin rabin lokacin bazara ana yawan samun ruwa mai yawa da ruwa mai yawa, a sakamakon abin da kankana ke iya lalacewa. Suna jimre da wannan a sauƙaƙe: an dasa su akan manyan tudu, daga abin da ya wuce ruwa ke gudana. Girman ridges kowane dace don amfani. A cikin ɗakunan kwana na rani, an yi su da mita ɗaya na mita, suna tashi sama da furars ɗin zuwa girman 20-25 cm.

Ukraine

Ukraine ita ce kasa ta biyu mafi girma a Turai, don haka yanayin ya dogara da yankin. Kuma idan a cikin arewacin ƙasar yana kama da kusa da Moscow, to, a kudu yana da kyau don narkar da gourds. A cikin Kudancin Ukraine ba su san manufar "'' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' A arewa, yana yiwuwa a shuka tsaba a gonar (a ƙarshen bazara), kuma don shuka shuki-kafin shuka.

Girma kankana ba koyaushe ne irin caca ba: tare da wasu ƙwarewa da sa'a, ana iya samun 'ya'yan itatuwa na yau da kullun a tsakiyar Rasha. Kuma riga a latitude kudu na Kursk ko Saratov wannan taguwar Berry ne mai gargajiya mazaunin a cikin gadaje na masu aikin lambu. Kuna iya jin daɗin 'ya'yan itatuwa masu daɗi kai tsaye daga gonar, tare da ɗan ƙoƙari, amma sun kasance kaɗan: fasaha don haɓaka gourds yana samuwa ga kowane mazaunin rani.