Daya daga cikin irin wadannan itatuwan apple, wanda 'ya'yan itatuwa suka bazara a lokacin rani, ana iya kiransu Mantet.
Kwananyar Kanada ne suka cinye shi a shekara ta 1928, ta hanyar wallafe-wallafe na irin wadannan nau'o'i kamar Moscow Grushevka.
Amma, menene kyau game da wannan irin itacen apple, menene amfaninta, akwai wasu rashin amfani, ko akwai wasu abubuwan da ke kula da itacen apple?
Sifofin sauti
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari
'Ya'yan itãcen itatuwan apple Mantet sune mafi muni, tare da nama mai laushi da m, mai dadi da ƙanshi, suna da ƙanshi na musamman, wanda aka ba da kayan kayan zaki. Apples dauke da abubuwa masu amfani irin su fructose, pectins, P-aiki abubuwa, ascorbic acid.
Abun fara farawa daga ƙarshen Yuli, kuma ci gaba da raira waƙa har zuwa farkon kaka. 'Ya'yan' ya'yan itatuwa suna da sauri da sauri kuma sun farfasa, ba a adana 'ya'yan itatuwa ba.
A apple itace, iri-iri Mantet, Bears 'ya'yan itãcen matsakaici size. Nauyin apple daya ya kai 90-180 grams. Siffar su ta kasance mai zurfi, mai kwakwalwa, a cikin sashi babba akwai ƙananan ƙidaya.
'Ya'yan Apple suna rawaya-kore ko gaba daya launin rawaya tare da haske ja ja. Fatar jikinsu yana da bakin ciki kuma mai laushi. 'Ya'yan' ya'yan itace 'ya'yan itace' ya'yan itace ne mai kunkuntar da ƙananan.
A tsawon da kauri daga cikin tushe, i.e. yana da tsawo, matsakaici, lokacin farin ciki ko na bakin ciki.
A apple saucer ne ƙananan, mai laushi da kuma kunkuntar. Kwayoyin 'ya'yan apple ne kananan, suna da nau'i mai nau'i nau'i, nauyin tsaba yana da kyau, kuma launin shine launin ruwan kasa.
Tree
Itacen itacen apple itace iri-iri Mantet yana girma girman matsakaici. Itacen itacen apple yana da kambi mai ban sha'awa, wanda yana da siffar m da ƙananan rassan skeletal, suna duban sama.
Itacen itace yana da m, mai launi, kore, babban ganye tare da siffar mai yaduwa. Yawancin 'ya'yan itatuwa mafi yawan gaske ana ganin su ne akan kolchatka.
Har ila yau, yana da ban sha'awa don karantawa game da nau'o'in apples: rani, kaka, hunturu
Girbi
Tuni ya fara daga shekara ta uku na girma, ana iya girbi girbi mai kyau daga itacen apple. Dabbobi iri-iri iri iri a cikin shekara daya. 'Ya'yan itãcen, tare da manyan amfanin gona, ƙananan ne.
A musamman alama na Mantet iri-iri shi ne cewa apples ba su sown a lokaci guda, suna da sauri sake raira waƙa. A nan babban abu shine kiyaye wajan 'ya'yan itatuwa, kuma kada ku manta da farkon tarin su. Yaran bishiyoyi suna samar da 'ya'ya fiye da manya. Apple itace Mantet nasa ne na skoroplodny maki.
Harbe
Apple ya yi launin launin ruwan kasa, haɗin gwiwa, tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin launin toka. A iri-iri Mantet kore ganye, su ne manyan, leathery, m. Halin ganye yana dan kadan elongated, elliptical. Ƙananan launi na launi ya dubi sama, tare da tushe ko maƙalli.
Gilashi, mai laushi mai laushi yana da dan kadan, haɓaka, haɗari. Siffar, a cikin Mantet apple iri-iri, an raba daga shoot, shi ne lokacin farin ciki, tsawo, launin shuɗi tare da coloration anthocyanin. Kuma ƙaddara suna da matsakaici a cikin girman, ba manyan manya ba, awl-dimbin yawa.
Kwayar itacen apple yana da alamun buds masu tsaka-tsaka masu tsaka-tsaka, suna da kwaskwarima, siffofi da tsallake su. Fure-fure ne babba, tare da farin da ruwan hoda, wani lokaci tare da tinge mai launi. Mantet iri-iri yana da tsalle, ƙarancin ruwan hoda mai haske, wani ɗan gajere na pistil, kuma akwai ƙwayoyi a ƙarƙashin ƙarancin.
Kwayoyin cuta
Skoroplodnost, sosai farkon ripening 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, kyakkyawan dandano kayan zaki.
Abubuwa marasa amfani
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan zane-zane za a iya kira ci gaba da yawa na yawancin harbe, da lalacewar itace, da wadata ga ƙananan bishiyoyi marasa girma.
Zaka kuma iya rashin amfani sun haɗa da:
Akwai babban haɗari na tasowa cututtuka irin su scab, musamman ma idan ruwan sama ya sha ruwa akai-akai;
Yana jure waƙar sanyi, ba ya bayar da shawarar dasa bishiyoyi Mantet a yankunan arewacin, seedlings na iya mutuwa;
Young apples, kawo girbi mai kyau, hankali rasa su fecundity. Kyakkyawan amfanin gona yanzu sun biyo baya a cikin shekara, kuma a cikin shekara mai albarka yawancin kananan apples an rataye akan itace;
Rayuwa mafi rai (ba fiye da wata ɗaya ba), 'ya'yan itatuwa ba za a bar su ba har sai bazara, zai fi kyau su ci su nan da nan, ko yin compote, jam, jam daga gare su.
Yanayin shimfidar wuri
Ƙasa
Apple shi ne tsire-tsire na perennial, saboda haka yana buƙatar yin amfani da hankali da shiri na kasar gona kafin dasa shuki. Rayuwar rai ɗaya itace kimanin shekaru 50, kuma a ko'ina cikin tsawon lokacin yana kawo kyakkyawan girbi. To, ina ya kamata ku fara?
Da farko dai kana buƙatar yanke shawara game da wurin da bishiyar apple Mantet zai yi girma. Wannan ya zama wani wuri wanda za'a iya kare shi daga samfurori, rashin daidaituwa da iska mai sanyi, da kuma kasancewar isasshen hasken rana.
Mantet iri-iri za a iya dasa a cikin kaka da kuma bazara, babban abu shi ne yin shi a lokacin sauran lokutan tsire-tsire. A lokacin kaka, wanda ya kamata ya fara zuwa farkon farkon kwanakin sanyi, da kuma a lokacin bazara - kafin fararen furanni na farko kuma kasa bata warke gaba daya ba.
Amma idan aka dasa apple seedlings a wannan lokacin, zasu buƙaci ƙarin watering, saboda rashin danshi yana haifar da bushewa daga tushen tsarin.
Masu ba da shawara suna bada shawarar zabar ɗayan itatuwa guda uku ko uku don dasa shuki, wannan shine mafi kyawun shekarun itacen apple domin saurin tallafi.
A kan seedlings cire lalace da kuma banza Tushen, karya rassan.
Don apple itatuwa Mantet Fit loamy kasa, amma tare da kulawa mai dacewa da dacewa, zai iya girma a kusan kowane ƙasa. Bayan zabar wani wuri, ya kamata ka kula da rami mai sauko, yi shiri na ƙasar, hadu da lokacin saukowa.
Ramin ƙasa fara farawa a 'yan watanni kafin dasa bishiyar itacen. Wannan tsari yana da mahimmanci don haka ƙasa ta zama ƙasa mai yawa kuma ganuwar gefen sun sami adadin ishi.
Girman ramin gira yana dogara da matakin shiri na ƙasa, da kuma wane halayen da yake da shi. Alal misali, idan aka gina yankin da ƙasa mai kyau, to sai ku yi digiri kadan. Ana amfani da wannan rami don shimfida tushen bishiya. A nisa daga cikin rami zai zama game da 40 cm, da kuma zurfin kai 30-35 cm.
An yi amfani da rami mai zurfi a yayin da ba a gina wurin da ake amfani da shi a nan gaba ba, ko ƙasa a kan shafin yana da nauyi. Ana haƙa rami zuwa zurfin kimanin 70 cm, kuma nisa tana da mita 1.
Har ila yau akwai wani zaɓi na uku, wannan shine lokacin da aka lalata dutse mai laushi, marl da laka mai launi a cikin ƙasa, ba a ƙone ƙasa ba kuma ba a haƙa ba. Girman nisa daga 1 zuwa 1.2 mita, kuma zurfin yana da mita 1.
Bayan an yi rami, sai a shirya shi. Ramin ya cika da ƙasa mai kyau. Anyi amfani da takin mai magani, takin, humus da naman alade zuwa babban ɗigon rami. Ana kara Sand a ƙasa mai laka.
Mataki na gaba shine yin ma'adinai takin mai magani. Don cika rami, kasar gona ya kamata a shirya a cikin yadudduka: kowane Layer, 20 cm lokacin farin ciki, ana zuba tare da taki.
Sa'an nan kasar gona Layer ta hade kuma ta kara. Kada ka manta da cewa bayan cika cudon ya kamata ya zama tudu, saboda ƙasa yana da tsayin daka zama, kuma ba shi da izinin yin gyare-gyare.
Yanzu zaka iya dasa itacen apple. An yi karamin rami, bisa ga girman tsarin tushen, kuma an dasa itacen a hankali a can.
Ka'idojin ka'idoji don dasa shuki seedlings Mantet apple itatuwa:
- A hankali da hankali, kafin dasa shuki, wajibi ne don daidaita tushen. Tsarin tushen itacen apple yana cike da ƙasa mai kyau, kuma bayan taki.
- Wajibi ne don girgiza bishiyoyi kadan, to, ƙasa ta cika da sapling.
- A gefen shuka shuka ana bada shawara don hatimi ƙasa a cikin rami, saboda haka zai fi kyau da ruwa da takin.
A karshe mataki - watering seedlings. Rabin watering yana da lita 15-20 na ruwa da itace. Ana yin amfani da kayan lambu ko dai ta hanyar humus ko ta ganye.
Tun da gangar jikin itace yana da rauni kuma za'a iya lalacewa ko kuma tanƙwara a cikin iska mai ƙarfi, an bada shawara a ɗaure shi zuwa uku.
Abubuwan kulawa
Mantet apple iri-iri kula ba bambanci da wasu itatuwa 'ya'yan itace: ciyawa ƙwayar, ƙasa ta sassauta a kusa da itace, ƙasa digging, shirye-shiryen dasa shuki, pruning bishiyoyi, dace watering na seedlings, whitewashing na apple itacen Trunks.
Itacen itacen apple yana buƙatar m yawan watering, game sau ɗaya a mako. Amma kada a dauke su, saboda ruwa mai yawa zai iya haifar da mummunar tasiri akan itacen. Ku shiga taki sau ɗaya cikin shekara:
humus, sulfuric potassium (20 grams) da superphosphate (50 grams). Maimakon sulfuric potassium, ana iya amfani da itace ash.
Pruning rassan da aka gudanar don inganta fruiting, cire rassan bushe da lalacewa, shekara-shekara harbe. Yanke rassan da aka fenti tare da farar lambun.
Don prophylaxis daga cututtuka daban-daban, baya ga spraying da kambi na itace, cire tsohon haushi daga shuke-shuke perennial. Wuraren da aka yi kuka, tsabta, don haka ya rage haɗarin shiga cikin cututtuka cikin kambi.
