Amincewa tare da tumatir iri-iri "Bal'ikan mu'ujiza." Shawarar shawarwari don girma da kulawa a gida da kuma a gonar

Daga cikin nau'o'in tumatir iri-iri na "Balcony Miracle" yana da mafi girma kayan ado da dandano mai kyau.

Gwaninta na tsawon lokaci ya ba ka damar samun girbi mai kyau a gida kuma lokacin da girma a fili.

Ƙananan 'ya'yan tumatir suna dauke da yawan lycopene, dace da daskarewa da kuma shirya wani taro na kayan lambu mai gina jiki.

A cikin wannan labarin za mu yi kokarin gaya dalla-dalla yadda za mu tsiro irin wannan tumatir a kan baranda, zamuyi la'akari da bambance-bambancen namo a fili.

Bayani da halaye na tumatir iri-iri

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne mai haske ja, zagaye, m, nauyi na 1 tumatir jeri daga 15 zuwa 70 grams. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun ƙunshi tsaba da yawa, suna da ɓangaren litattafan almara na jiki da babban abun ciki na pectin, fiber na abinci, ruwa, sugar, lycopene. Ƙarshen Bush, misali. Ƙwararren tsakiya na da ƙarfi, har zuwa mintuna 12, da tabbaci yana riƙe duk lash na shuka. Emerald kore ganye, m, segmented, da zagaye tips. Blooming haske rawaya furanni.

Tarihin ƙira

Wadannan iri-iri ne aka cinye a ƙarshen karni na 20 daga masu shayarwa na Rasha da Jamusanci.. A saboda wannan, kungiyoyi iri biyu sun hada da: daya yana da 'ya'yan itace mai taushi da' ya'yan itace masu kyau tare da dandano mai kyau, amma sun kasance marasa tushe ga phytophthora, septoria da sauran kwari.

Ƙungiyar ta biyu ta iri, wadda ta haɗa da yawancin Jamusanci, Faransanci, da kuma Yaren mutanen Sweden samfurori, suna da tsayayyen sanyi da kuma jurewar cutar, amma 'ya'yansu suna da ruwa da kuma sabo. A sakamakon yawancin gwaje-gwaje a kan lokuta da dama, an samu wasu nau'o'in daji da ke dacewa da namun gida, tare da tsayayyar juriya da 'ya'yan itatuwa mai dadi.

Ayyuka na shirye-shirye: wuri, hasken wuta, zazzabi, zafi

• Shirin shiri.

  Don girma wannan nau'in tumatir a cikin tukwane a gida, dukansu taga sill da baranda zasu dace. Tumatir yayi girma sosai a cikin kwalaye na katako, kuma a cikin tukunyar fure, filastik kwantena. Dole ne a samo hanyoyi don seedlings a kudu maso gabas, kudu maso yammacin gidan dabam daga sauran tsire-tsire.

• Haskewa.

  Ganye yana da haske-yana buƙata kuma ya kamata a rufe mafi yawan rana (6-8 hours). Idan akwai rashin isasshen hasken lantarki ana bada shawara don amfani da fitilu masu haske.

• Zazzabi.

  Mafi yawan zafin jiki na furen iri iri ne da digo 18-20, don ci gaba - 15-25 digiri.

• Humidity.

  Jirgin ya kamata ba ma bushe ba, da mafi kyawun kudi - 40-70%.

• Shuka lokaci.

  Lokaci ya dogara da lokacin da ake bukata don girbi, da kuma tsawon tsawon hasken rana a yankin. Idan an shirya girbi tumatir a Afrilu-May, ana shuka tsaba a cikin marigayi Disamba ko farkon Janairu. Idan za a girbe amfanin gona a watan Oktoba-Nuwamba, ana shuka tsaba a tsakiyar watan Agusta. Idan lokutan hasken rana a wannan yanki sun takaice, sun shuka na makonni biyu a baya fiye da kwanakin da aka ambata.
• Sauran tankuna.

  Pot: ba fiye da lita lita 10-12 ba, kayan - filastik, wani nau'in - rectangular ko zagaye. Tsawancin tukunya bazai zama fiye da 30-35 centimeters ba, in ba haka ba shuka za ta ba da launi mai yawa.

  Akwatin don seedlings: size 30 zuwa 40 inimita, kayan - itace, filastik, rectangular siffar, square. Tsayin akwatin kada ya zama fiye da 30-35 centimeters. Dukkan kwantena iri zasu zama pallets.

Shuka seedlings a gida

Gaba, gaya yadda zaka shuka tumatir a gida: a kan windowsill ko a baranda.

Zabin yanayi

Kafin dasa shuki, an bada shawarar duba tsaba don shuka., gudanar da lalacewa da soaking.

1. Ana tsire tsaba a cikin gilashin gilashi kuma an zuba ta da wani bayani mai rauni na potassium permanganate (1: 5000) na minti 15-30.
2. An cire tsaba da aka fidda (sun zama banza).
3. Bayan aikin, an wanke tsaba da ruwa da kuma dafa, ko kuma a sanya shi a kan gashin gurasa a rana ɗaya, yana kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a mataki na 18-22.

Amfanin gona mai kyau

Kasar gona don shuka ya kamata a kwashe shi da kyau. Amfani da taki, loamy ko sandy kasa ba a yarda. Ba'a da shawarar yin amfani da ƙila na farko don launuka na gida.. Ƙasa da aka yi da tumatir don dacewa don dasa shuki, kuma zaka iya shirya kasar gona da kanka kamar yadda aka tsara:

• 50% na humus;
• 45% ƙasa baƙar fata;
• superphosphate - 30-40 grams;
• itace ash - 100-200 grams;
• urea - 10 grams;
• Ma'adinai masu ma'adinai bisa potassium - 40 grams.

Idan an cire ƙasa daga gonar, an gurɓata ta ta ajiye shi a cikin tanda mai tsanani ko microwave na 1 minti na rabin sa'a.

Shuka tsaba

Mutane da yawa suna sha'awar yadda za su dasa hatsi a gida. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin kofuna na filastik a cikin ƙasa m a zurfin ba fiye da 1.0-1.5 cm ba, sa'an nan kuma yafa masa ƙasa (za a iya haɗe da humus a cikin rabo 1: 1) kuma rufe tare da fim don ƙirƙirar mini-greenhouse. Shuka gida 2-3 tsaba a daya gilashi.

Kula

1. Bayan fitowar harbe an bukaci a cire fim din.
2. An cire tsutsawar Weaker, yana barin tsire-tsire guda 1.
3. Bayan wannan, ana juyo da kwantena zuwa dakin da zazzabi na digiri 15-25, sau da yawa juya su da bangarorin daban-daban zuwa ga rana - to, harbe zasu yi girma sosai.

Ana gudanar da layi na sauti 1 a cikin kwanaki 7-8, ba tare da samun kan tsire-tsire ba. Girma na harbe a kan takarda ba a yarda.

Tsarin wuri

Dasa lokacin seedlings: ba a baya fiye da stalks na seedlings kai tsawo na 15 centimeters (a 20-25 days).

Tsarin tsire-tsire: shirya sabon ƙasa. Ya kamata kasar gona ta kasance mai laushi da m., an bar shi ya yi amfani da ƙasa daga gadaje a yayin da ake yin amfani da shi tare da toka, kuma yayi amfani da ƙasa da aka sayi ko aka shirya ta hannu (zaka iya maimaita hanyar shiri na ƙasa don dasa shuki tsaba). An yi amfani da ƙasa mai samarda. Idan matsakaici ne dan kadan acidic, ana ƙara girar 50 na itace ash.

1. Kafin dasa shuki, an cire seedlings a hankali daga kofuna waɗanda aka shayar da ruwan dumi don cire ƙasa mai yawa.
2. Ana amfani da takin mai magani a cikin ƙasa.
3. Bayan haka, ana shuka shuka zuwa zurfin ba fiye da inimita 10 ba.
4. Yayyafa da ƙasa kuma ɗauka da sauƙi tamp.

Umurnin kulawa da mataki

Watering da taki

Tsarin jiragen ruwa tare da ruwan famfo ba a yarda.. Haka kuma kada ku yi amfani da sanyi ko ruwan zafi (kasa da 18 ko fiye da digiri 35). Kafin watering, kana buƙatar duba yawan zafin jiki na ruwa tare da thermometer (yawan zafin jiki yana da digiri 18-25).

Ruwa don ban ruwa dole ne a shirya a gaba - 2-3 days kafin ban ruwa, ruwa an tattara a cikin tanki da kuma kare. Ana gudanar da taki tumatir akalla sau 3 a lokacin girma, a karo na farko - bayan fitowar harbe, na biyu - a lokacin flowering, a karo na biyu - a lokacin saitin 'ya'yan itatuwa ko mako guda kafin dasa shuki a wuri mai dindindin.

Potassium, phosphoric ma'adinai da takin mai magani ana amfani da su a matsayin takin mai magani.. Tsarin shawara: 5 grams na superphosphate, 1 gram na urea, 1 gram na potassium sulfate da lita 1 na ruwa distilled. Zaka iya amfani da takin mai magani mai tsabta don tumatir - "Tsitovid", "Epin".

Trimming da Pinching

Don inganta yawancin da kuma ingancin 'ya'yan itace, inji yana buƙatar ƙuƙwalwa. Dole ne a gudanar da tsarin lokacin da shuka ya kai wani tsawo na akalla 15 centimeters. Ana yin shinge a cikin ɓangare na tsakiya na tsakiya, kuma kama manyan rassan.

Tsararren shuka bai dace ba lokacin da yake girma a gida, amma an yarda shi a tsayi mai tsawo fiye da 55 centimeters, sakamakon haka duk abincin zai fara farawa a cikin 'ya'yan itace, kuma ba a cikin launi ba. Dole ne a tara karin furanni daga daji don 'ya'yan itatuwa su ne manyan kuma masu dadi.. Ginin ba ya buƙatar a kwashe shi.

Samfurori da rataye

Lokacin da girma a gida, tumatir ba za a iya rataye su ba. Ka ɗauka su kuma kada su kasance, saboda tushen tsire-tsire mai karfi ne kuma mai dorewa, ya kiyaye duk daji. Idan ba a yi fatar ba, an yarda ta rataya rassan bisan.

Airing

Yana da wata hanyar da ta dace da rinjayar pollination da 'ya'yan itace. A lokacin flowering, an bada shawarar yin iska a dakin a kalla sau 6 a rana. na 15-20 minti, kuma lokaci-lokaci shake da bushes.

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari: nawa ne kuma yaushe za a yi tsammani?

Girman girma ya kasance daga 75 zuwa 92 days dangane da haske da kulawa. Yawan aiki yana yin har zuwa kilo 2 daga 1 daji.

Hanyoyi da bambance-bambance na namo a cikin ƙasa

Mun riga mun bayyana yadda za mu yi girma tumatir a kan taga ko a baranda, yanzu bari muyi magana game da fasalinsu na noma a fili. Lokacin da girma tumatir na wannan iri-iri a cikin ƙasa ƙasa, ana kiyaye siffofin da ke gaba da kuma bambancin:

• Tun lokacin da aka bude ƙasa mai zurfi tare da kayan gina jiki, an yi amfani da takin gargajiya da yawa kuma a cikin ƙarami fiye da lokacin da ya girma a gida. Sakamakon mafi kyau shine sau 2 a lokacin flowering da 'ya'yan itace. Ana amfani da takin gargajiya na musamman (humus, peel na fata, itace ash a cikin nauyin 150-200 grams na taki da mita mita).
• M pruning ne da za'ayi, in ba haka ba shuka zai ba da tsayi tsintsiya sanda da karamin adadin 'ya'yan itace.
• An shuka tsire-tsalle tare da igiyoyi masu tsayi zuwa ƙananan ƙarfe ko filastik filayen, idan ba a gyara su ba. Zaka iya amfani da trellis tare da layuka na waya wanda za'a sanya bishiyoyi.
• Ana kuma goyan bayan sandan itace ko tsalle-tsalle idan tsawo na kara ya wuce 60 santimita.
• Ana yin watsi da sau da yawa, 1 kowace rana 3-4 dangane da zafin jiki na iska, bayan an yi amfani da ruwan ƙasa.
• Kada ku yi amfani da takin mai magani, in ba haka ba shuka ba zaiyi 'ya'ya ba.

Wannan iri-iri yana da amfani da yawa, ciki har da daskarewa, wanda ya sa ya fi dacewa don amfani a lokacin sanyi.