Nau'in cacti: kwatanci da halaye

Cacti babban iyali ne na carnation. Wani tsiro mai tsiro zuwa Kudancin da Arewacin Amurka ya bazu ko'ina a duniya kuma ya sami shahara tsakanin magoya bayan furanni masu ban sha'awa, saboda nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan.

Bayanin cacti

Kara yana da rassa na musamman da aka gyara - areoles, daga abin da sarƙaƙƙiya ke girma, ban da haka, suna zama wuri ne na samuwar yara. Cactus buds shima ya tashi daga waɗannan furannin. A gida, da shuka haihuwa sau da yawa vegetatively da wuya blooms. Kamar sauran succulents, cacti sun sami damar yin ba tare da ruwa na dogon lokaci ba saboda tsarin musamman da ayyuka masu mahimmanci. Don haka, tsarin daukar hoto a cikinsu yana faruwa da daddare, saboda a lokacin rana za'a rufe stomata don guje wa asarar ruwa. Kara yana dauke da ruwan lemon da ke ciyar da areola. Tushen tsarin yana da haɓaka sosai kuma ana ɗora shi sosai don ɗaukar danshi mai yawa. Wasu wakilan cacti ana amfani da su sosai a filayen abinci da magunguna.

Iri cacti

Daga mahangar nazarin halittu, akwai kabilu 11 da ƙananan yankuna 4, waɗanda suka haɗa da Pereskievy, Maukhienievy, Opuntsievye da Cactus, suna haɗa nau'ikan da ba'a haɗa su a cikin ƙananan subfamilies na baya ba. Koyaya, masoya tsire-tsire na cikin gida suna rarrabe wannan shuka bisa ga alamun alamun gani. Misali, a bayyanar: itace kamar, shrubby, Liana, ciyawa. A wurin girma, cacti ya kasu kashi biyu zuwa jeji da gandun daji, wanda aka samo a cikin wurare masu zafi na Kudancin Amurka. Wadannan nau'ikan nau'ikan fasalin sauƙaƙe ne na gwiwoyi 11. Idan kun kira mazauninsu da halaye na waje, nan da nan ya zama bayyananne wane irin wakili ne.

Shrubby

Ana nuna wannan nau'in ta hanyar harbe harbe na ƙananan tsayi, saukar da ƙasa. Wani fasali na musamman shine furanni, mai yalwar rufe mai tushe: suna da launi mai haske-orange ko launin shuɗi. Wani wakili na yau da kullun shine Hilocereus, wanda ake kira 'ya'yan itacen pitahaya kuma ana cinye shi sosai a yankuna masu zafi.

Itace kamar

An rarrabe su ta hanyar babban columnar-dimbin yawa mai siffar silima wanda aka sa alama a cikin sashin na sama. Girman diamita na cacti-kamar itace na iya isa masu girma, musamman a yanayin muhalli. Tsire-tsire suna iya zama cikin ciyayi masu aiki sama da shekaru 300, bayan haka sun daina haɓaka, amma suna rayuwa na dogon lokaci. A gida, wannan bashi yiwuwa. Mutane da yawa samfurori, alal misali - Cereus, yayi girma zuwa 25-30 m.

M

Mafi yawanci ya dace da yanayin ƙasa da hasken rana kai tsaye. Firinjin witish din nasu yana da alaƙa da kyau kuma yana samar da nau'ikan yanar gizo waɗanda ke kare karar mai lafiyayyan kuma tattara tarin danshi. Girma kaɗan: 30-40 cm a tsayi kuma 15-20 cm a diamita. Babban wakilin wannan nau'in shine Mammillaria. Ya sami shahara a tsakanin masu noman ganyayyaki saboda ire-irensu da kwarjininsa.

Creeper

Epiphytic tsire-tsire suna jujjuya abubuwa masu tushe na bishiyoyi. Girman su yana dogara da tsawon lokacin tallafi, a matsakaita shi ne 5-9 m, matsakaita mai tsayi shine kusan cm 2-3. Bristle spines sune launin ruwan kasa ko fari. Bayan sun kai cm 3, saiwoyoyin zasu bace, akan lokaci, sababbi suna bayyana a inda suke. Akwai hakarkarin kafa 5-8. Wannan nau'in ana yaba shi sosai saboda furanninta na musamman. Misali, Selenicerius yana da haske mai launin rawaya mai haske da beige wanda idan aka bude, yayi kama da Rana.

Cacti na hamada

Don tsira cikin yanayi na fari ko ruwan sama mai wuya, cacti a cikin yanayin juyin halitta ya sami halaye masu yawa, gami da allura da kuma kara mai yawa. Tushen tsarin kowane nau'in jeji abu ne mai mahimmanci, amma ya bambanta da yawan salo da tsayi. Don haka, tushen wakilai da yawa sun sami damar mamaye manyan yankuna, suna yada ƙananan rassan bakin ciki don neman danshi. Sauran samfuran ana nuna su ta hanyar katako mai sanda wanda ya watsar da ƙasa ta bushe ta hanyar dubin santimita, saboda abin da ake tara danshi mai yawa. Wani abin sakawa shine tsefe. A lokacin damina, tare da daukar ruwa kai tsaye, ruwa ya tara a cikin akwakun, don haka dutsen yayi sama, ya zama sifa mai zagaye. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye danshi kuma yana hana fashewar fata. Tsarin jejin ya haɗu da waɗannan:

1. Astrophytums. Tsakanin tsattsage tsayi akwai ƙananan gashin gashi da yawa. Tana da sifa mai siffar zobe da furanni masu launuka.
2. Ariocarpus. Matakai sun lalace, ba su da matsala.
3. Gymnocalyciums. Yana iya samun ruwan hoda, lemo mai launi da ja, saboda ƙarancin ƙwayar chlorophyll.
4. Cleistocactus. M rufe da farin spines. Furanni masu haske, waɗanda ke saman.
5. Lofofora. Babu allurai; yayi kama da kabewa a sifa.
6. Cephalocereus. Sharp, dogaye, allurai mara nauyi wanda yayi kama da gashi.

Cacti daji

Tsarin wakilan wannan rukunin ya sha bamban. Yawancin su ne epiphytes, suna girma a kan bishiyoyi da duwatsu, waɗanda ke a matsayin goyon baya. Akwai nau'ikan halittar parasitic wanda ke ciyar da ragowar kwayoyin. Ana samun danshi na shuka ta amfani da tushen daskararre da yawa. A zahiri, babu ƙaya; maimakon su, villi yana bayyana akan dogo mai tsayi mai tsayi. Samfuran gandun daji na buƙatar haske mai sauƙi da keɓaɓɓu da zafi.

1. Ripsalis. The mai tushe ne santsi, kunkuntar, zagaye. A buds kama da karrarawa.
2. Epiphyllum. M furanni masu launuka daban-daban.
3. Aporocactus. Yana kaiwa 2 m, yana da launi mai laushi na azurfa.

Iri Cacti na cikin gida

Ba duk cacti bane ke girma a gida. Yawancin wakilai suna buƙatar abun da keɓaɓɓiyar ƙasa wanda ba za a iya sake karantawa da hannu ba. Bugu da kari, wasu sun sami damar isa girma masu girma dabam, don haka nadin aikinsu bashi da amfani.

Cincin cacti

Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan da yawa waɗanda zasu iya faranta wa masu mallakar kyawawan launuka masu haske.

Leaf cacti

Irin waɗannan cacti sun sami suna saboda canzawar mai tushe: suna da laushi da elongated, a cikin siffar kama kananan ganye. Babban fasalin shine unpretentiousness wajen barin, saboda haka waɗannan tsire-tsire masu mashahuri ne. Abubuwan da ke biye suna dauke su zama takardar:

1. Cactus Schlumberger ko ɓoyayyiyar iska. Eparancin epiphytes da suke hurawa a cikin hunturu.
2. Ripsalidopsis. Shanks tare da yawa notches, Symmetrical buds.
3. Pereskia. Yana da ganye na halitta da allura. Furanni masu girma, orange.

Cactus namo

Cacti suna da kyau don girma a gida. Su ne unpretentious da shekara-shekara m masu kyau tare da kyawawan buds. Koyaya, yan lambu marasa ƙwarewa da farko suna da wahalar cimma nasarar inflorescences. Tare da kulawar da ta dace, itaciyar tana haɓakawa sosai, yara suna haɓaka. Baya ga alamun waje: wani lokacin farin ciki mai tsiro mai kauri da sifar fata, cacti suna da kaddarorin masu amfani. Suna da farfaɗo wanda ke ɗaukar haske da hasken rana yana fitowa daga kayan lantarki.

Ilasa da kwantena don cacti

Cacti yana buƙatar samun damar kai tsaye zuwa ruwa, don haka cakuda ƙasa ta saba ba ta dace da su ba. Ya kamata substrate ɗin ya ƙunshi manyan barbashi dabam-dabam domin ruwa ya shiga tushen tushensa kyauta. Bugu da kari, madaidaicin ƙasa zai tabbatar da iskar oxygen, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga rayuwar shuka. Tare da babban abun ciki na nitrogen a cikin ƙasa, cacti ya mutu da sauri, saboda haka yana da kyau kar a kyale takin ma'adinai da ke ɗauke da wannan sinadarin shiga cikin ƙasa.

Tsarin takin gargajiya shima yana cutar da yanayin shuka, yana haifar da rauni da kuma rushe ayyukan halitta na rayuwa. An ba da shawarar mai karfi don ƙara humus ga substrate. Gawayi, dutsen da yashi, yashi da daskararren ƙasa cikakke ne.

Don zaɓar damar, kuna buƙatar kula da ƙarar tsarin tushen murtsunguwa. A cikin wasu nau'in, yana girma da ƙarfi a cikin ƙananan rassa. Dole tukunya ta dace da girman Tushen, in ba haka ba za a shuka ciyawar, kuma zata daina yin fure. A cikin manyan kwantena masu yawa, cacti baya girma. Kar a manta game da magudanar ruwan da aka sanya a kasan. Zai iya zama polystyrene, duwatsun dutse, dunƙule ko yumɓu da aka faɗaɗa. Bayan dasa, ya kamata a yayyafa saman Layer tare da pebbles, yashi. Dole ne a saki ƙasa a kai a kai domin iska ta shiga cikin asalin sa.

Saukowa

Wannan lamari ne mai sauƙin sauƙi, wanda ko ma ɗan wasan keɓaɓɓen sandar za ta iya aiwatarwa. Koyaya, ya kamata ku bi wani tsari na aikin:

1. Kafin dasawa, kuna buƙatar dakatar da shayarwa na kwanaki da yawa, saboda Tushen zai iya rarrabewa daga ƙasa.
2. Da farko kuna buƙatar shirya akwati kuma cika shi da ƙasa game da 1 3 na jimlar girma.
3. Sannan a hankali sanya kwalin a cikin karamin ɓacin rai wanda ya sa tsarin tushen gindin zama.
4. Yayyafa sauran sararin tare da yashi ko ash.

Kula da cacti na cikin gida

Karanta ƙari a cikin labarin yadda za a kula da cacti a gida.

Watse

Kodayake cacti ba dabi'a ba ne na bukatar hydration na yau da kullun, cikakken shayarwa baza a iya fitar da shi ba. Kamar kowane tsire-tsire, cacti yana buƙatar ruwa don rayuwa ta al'ada, amma a cikin ƙarancin adadi, in ba haka ba lalata zai fara. Tare da danshi, tushen tsarin yana ɗaukar abubuwa masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke tabbatar da fure da ciyayi na yau da kullun. Kowane nau'in halitta yana da alaƙa da adadin ruwanta, amma akwai ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya game da shayarwa:

1. Yi amfani da ruwa kawai.
2. An bada shawarar danshi danshi a ƙarƙashin tushe ko aiwatar da ƙananan shayarwa.
3. Tabbatar cewa babu matattakala na ruwa, shirya malalewa.
4. A cikin watanni masu dumi don ciyar da shi a maraice, a cikin sanyi - da rana.
5. Tsire-tsire, tushe wanda aka rufe da kakin zuma mai laushi, basa buƙatar spraying.

Manyan miya

Idan kayi amfani da manamfani na musamman don cacti, wanda ya riga ya kunshi dukkanin abubuwan da suka zama dole, zaku iya bazata takin. In ba haka ba, takin mai ma'adinai da ya danganta da potassium da phosphorus sun fi dacewa.

An bada shawara don amfani da riguna masu ruwa na ruwa, hada su da ruwa da aikace-aikace yayin shayarwa a lokacin ciyayi. Mafi yawa, shuka ba ya buƙatar hadi, musamman ma bayan fure, lokacin da fitowar ta zo. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da Guano (guntattun tsuntsayen dabbobi da dabbobi masu shayarwa) ta hanyar ƙarawa ga cakuda ƙasa lokacin dasawa, amma zuwa iyaka mai iyaka.

Cactus dashi

Yakamata a kwashe das hi sau 1 a kowace shekara a cikin bazara ko kuma a farkon kaka, wanda ya sa shuka ta kafe sosai kuma ta dace da hunturu. Sabuwar iya aiki ya kamata ya fi girma girma fiye da wanda ya gabata, in ba haka ba tsarin tushen ba zai sami ɗakin ci gaba ba. Kafin dasa, tukunya da abin da aka shirya da kayan abinci dole ne a gurbata su, kawar da yiwuwar kamuwa da cututtukan fungal. Ya kamata a jika kasar gona, ya kamata a binne murtsunguwa a cikin ƙasa, kamar yadda za a ci gaba da shayarwa, tushe a ƙarƙashin ƙasa zai lalace kuma ya mutu. Dole ne a aiwatar da hydration mai zuwa bayan kwanaki 3-4.

Wurin da tukunya ya fi kyau a zabi nan da nan, tsire-tsire ba sa son canje-canje na wuri.

Idan murtsunguwa ba ya fure

Abu ne mai sauki sosai don cimma nasarar bayyanar launuka masu haske, kawai kana bukatar bin wasu ka'idoji:

1. Karka kunna tsire a cikin daban-daban kwatance ga haske. A wannan yanayin, kara za ta zama mai mahimmanci sosai, amma murtsunguwa zai yi fure na dogon lokaci.
2. Yi aiki a hankali don kada ku lalata ƙayayuwa da tsarin tushen. Tsire-tsire suna ƙoƙari da yawa don mayar da su, don haka ƙila buds ba su bayyana ba.
3. Kada ku zagi watering, musamman ma a lokacin hunturu da damina.
4. Lokacin da buds suka fara nunawa, ba a amfani da takin mai magani ba, in ba haka ba murarrar zata zubar da ƙarancin ƙarancin halittar.

Mr. Mazaunin bazara: tukwici don girma murtsunguwa daga tsaba

Kiwo tare da tsaba shine tsari mai rikitarwa amma mai ban sha'awa wanda zai iya ɗaukar dogon lokaci.

1. Ilasa da akwati dole ne a bazu tare da tururi ko mafita na musamman.
2. Cika tukunya tare da shirya dan karamin daskararren ruwa, kwanciya matattarar magudanar ruwa a kasan.
3. An sanya tsaba a saman nesa daga nisa na 3-4 cm daga junan su.
4. Yayyafa da wata yashi ko ash.
5. Rufe kwantena tare da kunshin filastik ko gilashi, sanya shi a wuri mai cike da wuta.
6. Bayan makonni biyu, harbe na farko zai bayyana, to, ana bukatar a tsara matsuguni kaɗan, amma ba a cire shi ba, kuma ya kamata a sanyaya ƙasa tare da mai toka.
7. Tare da farkon allura ta farko, dole ne a cire fim ɗin kuma cacti da aka dasa a cikin tukwane na mutum.