A Orlyk apple iri-iri ne yadu rarraba a Rasha, Belarus da kuma Ukraine.
Itacen yana da ƙananan ƙananan, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ya yi nasara sosai a rayuwa a cikin gonaki masu zaman kansu.
Har ila yau, amfani da iri-iri shine juriya mai sanyi da kuma adana 'ya'yan itatuwa mai kyau.
Wane irin ne?
Itacen itacen apple Orlik itace itace ne yana nufin hunturu irin maturation.
An dauki 'ya'yan itatuwa a shirye su girbi ta ƙarshen Satumba.
Bisa ga shawarwarin akan ajiya, girbi na iya wuce har zuwa karshen Fabrairu - farkon Maris.
Ana bada shawara don adana 'ya'yan itatuwa a cikin ginshiki ko cellar, yawan zazzabi da ake bukata: 7-5 ° C.
Yana da mahimmanci don kauce wa zafi ta saukowa.
Ajiye apples a filastik, katako, ko kwalaye. Idan ka adana a wuri mai sanyi, alal misali, a kan baranda, dumi ganga kadan.
Granny Smith, Golden Delicious, Idared, Altynai da Kuybyshevsky kuma suna cikin hunturu apple iri.
Ruwan jini
Ƙarar iri iri iri na Orlik shine nau'in nau'i mai ban sha'awa, don haka don cin nasara ya zama dole ya shuka iri iri-iri.
Mafi dace da kuma shawarar iri don pollination na apple Orlik: Kandil Orlovsky, Sunny, Stroyev.
Masu binciken pollinators: Aphrodite, Kurnakovskoe.
Description iri-iri "Orlik"
A apple itacen Orlik yana da matsakaici girma, da 'ya'yan itatuwa ne ƙanana, wani lokaci na matsakaici size. Apple itace sredneroslaya. Ƙawanin ba kullun ba ne, siffar zagaye mai kyau.
Rassan sun tashe iyakar kuma ana tura su daga gangar jikin a kusurwar 90%. Bark na itacen apple santsi tare da rawaya inuwa.
Farin yana da babban girma, da tsararru mai tsabta da kuma siffar da ba shi da kyau. Labaran yana da m, launi yana da haske.
Leaf dan kadan ya ragu zuwa tsakiyar tsakiya, ya lankwasa kuma ya nuna.
Matsayi mafi girma, samfurin mutum yana da darajar da ke ƙasa da matsakaicin. Nauyin kimanin: 120-100gr. Wannan siffar yana dan kadan ne, wanda ya kera.
Manyan jari basu kusan bayyana ba. Launi a lokacin karshe maturation na rawaya mai haske tare da ja-ja-blush. Naman yana da murya mai tsabta tare da murya mai laushi, tsarin yana da dadi, mai kyau, kuma mai kyau, tare da ƙanshi mai dadi.
Wadannan iri na apples za su iya fariya da dandano mai kyau: Orlovsky Pioneer, Ekranny, Big Folk, Orlinka da Aromatny.
Hotuna
Ana iya ganin bayyanar Orlik apples a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa:
Tarihin kiwo
An zabi nau'in iri iri na Orlik a shekarar 1959. An gudanar da zaɓin zaɓi a wurin Oryol zonal 'ya'yan itace da gwajin gwaji na Berry.
Don ƙirƙirar Orlik, an yi amfani da nau'i biyu: Bessemyanka Michurinskaya da Mekintosh sun riga sun shiga raya sababbin iri.
Masarauta sun zama masu kirkiro iri iri: E.N. Sedov da T.A. Trofimova. Orlik ba a gabatar da shi ba a cikin Jihar Register na nasarori - don kimanin shekaru 10 ya gudanar da gwaje-gwaje a kan precociousness da sanyi juriya, da iri-iri an inganta ƙwarai a tsawon shekaru.
Ƙasar girma
Rarraba a tsakiyar yankin Rasha, a cikin yanayi temperate. Saboda ƙananan girman bishiyoyi, gudun da kundin kayan lambu, Orlik ya shimfiɗa zuwa ƙasashen Ukraine da Belarus.
A yau, ana samun itatuwan apple Orlik a yawancin gonaki masu zaman kansu.
Yawo
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun kai maturation a karshen watan Satumba. Daban iri dabam-dabam Orlik yana samar da kundin kayan amfanin gona da yawa kuma ya bambanta ta hanyar precocity.
Farawa na 'ya'yan itace da yawa a kan shekaru 4-5 na rayuwar bishiyar bayan dasa. Girman girbi ya karu a kowace shekara.
Takardun da aka tsara tare da kulawa mai kyau:
- Shekaru 7-8 na rayuwa - 15-35 kilogiram na amfanin gona;
- Shekaru 10-13 na rayuwa - kg 55-80 na amfanin gona;
- 15-20 shekara na rayuwa - 80-120 kilogiram na amfanin gona.
Wadannan iri kamar yadda talakawa Antonovka, Marat Busurin, Kuibyshevsky, Tsoro da Winter Beauty sun iya karbar girbi.
Saukowa
Domin itacenka ya ci gaba da zama mai kyau kuma yana da 'ya'ya, dole ne ka bi wasu umarni kaɗan don dasawa da kulawa.
Orlyk apple itace za a iya dasa ko dai a spring ko kaka.
Idan ka dasa itacen apple a cikin fall, ka tabbata ba daga baya fiye da makonni biyu ba kafin farawar sanyi, kamar yadda seedling yana bukatar a yi amfani da sanyi.
Yanayin dasa shuki Orlik apple:
- Ƙananan ramin: nisa - 100 cm, zurfin - 50 cm.
- A yayin da kake jujju ramukan, raba rassan ƙasa a cikin ƙananan da babba, saka su a cikin batutuwan daban.
- Cook da taki.
- Ƙananan ramin digi dole ne a cika da ƙasa, wanda aka karɓa daga saman saman ƙasa, kamar yadda ya fi kyau.
- Alternate yadudduka na ƙasa tare da daban-daban na takin mai magani. Kar ka manta da su daidaita tushen sapling. In ba haka ba, kuna da hadarin samun wani itace tare da tsarin tushen rashin lafiya.
- Ruwa da ƙasa, yawancin ruwa da aka bada shawarar shine lita 15-20.
- Sanya tsarin tushen tsarin nutsuwa a cikin rami kuma ya rufe shi tare da sauran rassan ƙasa mai kyau, sannan kuma kara karamin taki. Tip: a lokacin da dasa shuki kadan shake da seedling, sa'an nan kuma ƙasa mafi yawan rarraba a tsakanin tushen. Bayan kammalawa tare da rami mai saukowa, tattake ƙasa a kusa da sapling, yi zagayi na kewaye da kewaye tare da diamita na har zuwa 1.2 m.
Kula
Kula da Orlyk apple itace yana buƙata don girbi mai girma da kuma dadi.
Taki
An fara yin ado na farko a kan wani apple a cikin bazara. Babban miya ya kunshi nitroammofosk da kuma nau'in ammonium nitrate. A lokacin 'ya'yan itace, ana kara gishiri fiye da kilogram 140, 50 grams na potassium chloride da guga man shanu.
Don ƙara yawan taro mai duhu, wajibi ne a kara karin takin mai magani na nitrogen sau uku a kan tsawon lokaci (kaza, kaza, da dai sauransu)
A lokacin kakar 'ya'yan itace, a kai a kai a hankali kuma a hankali ka saki ƙasa mai ƙwaya.. Saboda haka tushen zai iya zama cikakke tare da oxygen.
Pruning
A cikin bazara shi wajibi ne don tsabtace harbe na seedlings. Farawa yana faruwa a manyan sassa a cikin bishiyoyi.
Anyi haka domin itacen bishiya don ciyar da ƙarfinsa ba akan aikin lambu ba, amma a kan 'ya'yan itace.
Bugu da ƙari, yana da mahimmanci don cire tsofaffi, lalacewa da kuma ba dole ba.
Kafin hunturu, ka tsabtace ganye a ƙarƙashin Orlik. Tun da za a iya samun kwayoyin cuta masu cutar.
Yada bishiyoyi a ko'ina cikin kakar tare da jiko na wormwood, taba, ash, barkono mai zafi. Ta irin waɗannan ayyuka, ka rage haɗarin kwari.
Domin ingantaccen ƙwayar apple, a hankali cire weeds da suke girma a ƙarƙashin itacen.
Cututtuka da kwari
Babban abokan gaba na apple itacen Orlik ne cytosporosis, powdery mildew, scab.
Cytosporosis
Maganin da ke cutar da cutar ya zama naman gwari, wanda ke kan haushi na Orlik, wanda sakamakon abin da ke da alaƙa mai launin launin fata akan jikin.
Kwayar cutar ta kama da wuri, inda itace ya fara fadi. Haushi a kan shafin na ulcers ya fadi, rassan sun kashe.
Haka kuma cutar ta tasowa tare da rashin kulawa, ba zai iya haifuwa ta: ƙasa mara kyau, rashin kayan ado na ma'adinai, rare ko, akasin haka, yawancin watering.
Jiyya: Ana kula da ƙwayoyin cutar tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi "Hom", dole ne a gurɓata shi a cikin wannan rabo: 40 gr. goma lita na ruwa. Wannan splattering ne yake aikata kafin toho fashe.
Na biyu mataki - kafin flowering. Wajibi ne don fesa jan karfe sulfate, kashi: 50 g na lita goma. Ƙarshen ƙarshe: spraying bayan fall of furanni, an yi ta "Home".
Mealy dew
Abun da ke faruwa saboda wata naman gwari wanda zai iya lalata dukkanin sassa na Orlik a cikin fruiting.
Yana nuna kanta a farkon matakai na farin farin, wanda yake kama da hatsin gari, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa wasu lambu marasa amfani a wani lokaci sukan dauki ƙura.
Fiye da lokaci, launin ya juya launin ruwan kasa, an sanya siffofin baƙar fata. Ganye ya fara bushe kuma ya fadi, 'ya'yan itatuwa a lokacin wannan cuta ba a ɗaure ba.
Jiyya: A cikin bazara, don rigakafin, sun yada itacen apple tare da shirye-shirye na "Scorch", bayan karshen flowering, ana kula da itacen tare da jan karfe chlorine oxide.
Bayan girbi, tare da mafita daga ruwan sanyi ko ruwan inabi ko wani shiri na blue vitriol.
Scab
Cutar da fungal spores ta haɗu. Ya bayyana a cikin balagagge ganye a cikin irin launin ruwan kasa Bloom, da foliage da sauri ta kafe da dama. Idan scab yana rinjayar 'ya'yan itace, zaka iya lura da ƙananan ƙwayoyin da baƙi da launin toka.
Ba za a iya amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ciwo ba, ana ƙone su a waje da gonar.
Jiyya: A cikin bazara, a lokacin bayyanar ganye, aiwatar da itace bayani "Topaz". Na biyu jiyya yana faruwa bayan itace apple ya ɓace, saboda wannan dalili dole ne a yi amfani da shirye-shiryen "Sulfur colloid" ko "Hom".
Kada ka manta cewa kwari na iya barazana ga bishiyoyin apple. Dole ne a dauki matakai masu dacewa da ƙwayoyin codling, da hanta miki, haws, silkworms da 'ya'yan itace.
Idan kai ne mai mallakar wani lambu mai zaman kansa kuma yana son yin kanka itace itace, ba tare da wata shakka ba, igiya itacen Orlik zai zama zabi mai kyau a gare ka.
Tare da kulawa da kyau, za a yi farin ciki da yawan amfanin gona da kuma tsawon lokacin ajiyarta, 'ya'yan itatuwa zasu iya ba iyalin bitamin ga dukan lokacin hunturu. Apples suna da kyau don adanawa da cin abinci mai kyau.
