Datura wata shuka ce da ke da halayya mai ma'ana. Kyawawan furanninta masu kyau a cikin nau'ikan bututu suna burge su da kyawun su. Koyaya, guba na shuka yana tsoratar da yawancin lambu. Tarihin Datura ya yi tsawo, ba shi yiwuwa kuma a tabbatar da ainihin inda mahaifarsa take. A cikin Tarihi da al'adun mutanen nahiyoyi daban-daban, an ambaci ciyawar datura, datura, kakakin mala'ika, henbane, wata na wata ko ciyawar shaidan. Plantungiyar ta yi amfani da shaman don tattaunawa tare da ruhohi da masu warkarwa don kawar da mummunan cututtuka. Zai iya zama furanni mai kyau kuma kyakkyawan kyakkyawan yanayin wuri. Ta bin matakan kariya, zaka iya shuka dope a lambun ka.
Bayanin Shuka
Datura yar ciyawa ce mai hatsi. Mafi yawanci ana samun su a yankuna masu zafi da ƙasa mai ban sha'awa, sun fi son rabe ko kuma yanayin ƙasa. A cikin yanayin dumin yanayi, Datura yana girma kamar amfanin gona shekara. Dankin yana da kafa ko masauki mai tushe. Tsawon lokacin harbi na iya zama cm 50-120. Ana ciyar da shi da doguwar rhizome, ana fentin farar fata ko launi mai tsami.
An rufe tubular, m tushe a waje tare da koren duhu mai santsi ko m haushi. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, an daidaita layi mai tushe kuma ya sami launi mai launin shuɗi. A kan akwati, ana kafa matakai a kaikaice tare da manyan jagged ko ganye masu ganye. Kowane yana tsiro akan tsayi petiole. Ruwan duhu mai duhu yana kusa da na gaba. Tsawon farantin takardar kusan 15 cm ne, kuma faɗin faɗin faɗin kamu 10 ne .. Gaban takarda mai laushi mai laushi mai laushi, daga ƙasa ana zana shi cikin launuka masu sauƙi. Tare da tsakiyar jijiya shine madaurin haske.
Daga Yuni zuwa farkon sanyi, Datura tana da daɗin kyawawan furanni. Single buds ana kafa su a cikin axils na ganye ko a kan forks na mai tushe. Tsawon mazugun, wanda ya ƙunshi sassa biyar, na iya isa 25 cm, amma mafi yawan lokuta sun yi daidai da cm cm 10. Furen ana fentin fari, launin rawaya, ruwan hoda, lilac ko shunayya. Zasu iya samun saukin yanayin kararrawa tare da furannin furanni, ko kuma wani yanayin da ke da rikitarwa mai rikitarwa na fure. Furanni na wasu nau'ikan suna da kamshi sosai, yayin da wasu suke jin ƙanshi mai daɗi. Datura fure ne na dare, ganyayensa suna buɗewa a faɗuwar rana da safiya. Ana iya lura da yawo a lokacin rana a cikin yanayi mai hadari.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna cikin manyan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar oblong. An rufe su da launin duhu mai duhu mai duhu tare da dogo mai tsayi. A ciki, raft ɗin ya kasu kashi 4, waɗanda ke ɗauke da gewaye mai launin shuɗi 3-3.5 mm. Fruiting fara a Yuli.
Nau'in Datura
Kwayar halittar Datura ana wakilta ta nau'ikan 13. A cikin al'ada, 3 daga cikinsu galibi ana amfani dasu.
Datura talakawa. Itatuwa mai rai, wanda a cikin ƙasashe da yawa ana ɗaukar ciyawa, ya girma zuwa tsawan 1.2 m. Wani ciyayi mai cike da ciyayi yana rufe da manyan ganye. Formsan daji yakan samar da flowersan furanni kaɗan. Daga ƙarshen watan Yuni, an rufe shi da kyawawan farin corollas har zuwa tsawon cm 10. Tatula na lambu iri-iri na ado na iya faranta wa mazauna lambu tare da rawaya mai haske.
Dattijan Amurka dan asalin Amurka. Shuka mai guba sosai tare da fure mai launin toka-kore. Furen furanni fari ne, mai sauki ne ko kuma tsawonsa, tsawon 10-12 cm.Mutanen mazaunan na Tsakiya da Arewacin Amurka sunyi amfani da nau'in hallucinogenic da lullative.
Datura indian. Ana daukar wannan nau'in mafi yawan ado. Ana samun mafi yawan lokuta a cikin al'ada. Tsire-tsire suna samar da bishiyoyi masu tsayi game da tsayi 1 m. Manyayen ganye a kan dogayen layuka suna da siffar launi kuma suna canza launin duhu. Popular iri:
- Ballerina - furanni masu ban sha'awa daga layuka da yawa na fuka-fukan furanni masu launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi;
- Medea - ta watsar da furanni masu-dusar ƙanƙara mai sauƙi 15-20 cm tsawo.
- Flore Pleno - furanni masu launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, an rufe su da fararen fata.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Datura, wanda aka girma a cikin nau'i na shekara-shekara, ana shuka shi ta hanyar tsaba. Don samun tsire-tsire na fure da wuri-wuri, an fara dasa shi akan tsire-tsire. Don yin wannan, tsaba da aka tattara a ƙarshen bazara sun bushe kuma a adana su a cikin wuri mai sanyi a cikin jakar takarda. A watan Fabrairu, an shuka tsaba a cikin kwanaki 1-2 a ruwa mai ɗumi, sannan a dasa a cikin kwantena tare da yashi da peat ƙasa zuwa zurfin 5 mm. A lokacin girbi, ana adana kwantena a cikin zazzabi na 15 ° C. Harbe yana bayyana bayan makonni 2-3. Lokacin da 2 ganye na ainihi na fure a kan tsire-tsire, ana rayuwa da su a cikin tukwane daban-daban ko kofuna waɗanda za'a iya jefawa. Lingsalingsan itace suna girma a cikin ɗaki mai haske, warwatse mai haske a zazzabi na + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Ya kamata a shayar da shi matsakaici, amma a kai a kai. Shuke-shuke daga tsayin 15 cm ana shuka su ne a cikin ƙasa buɗe.
A cikin yankuna na kudanci, zaku iya shuka dope nan da nan a cikin bude ƙasa. Suna yin haka a ƙarshen Mayu, lokacin da ƙasa ta yi zafi sosai kuma da yiwuwar sanyi ta koma gaba ɗaya. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin ramuka a nesa na 30-50 cm daga juna, zuwa zurfin 5 cm .. Entofar shiga suna bayyana a hankali. Itatuwan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu fitar da duhu, suna riƙe da nisan mil 1. Ana sa ran hurawa zai kasance makonni 3-4 bayan fitowar.
A cikin kaka, za a iya yanke itace daga daji dope adult. Ana yin harbe-harben da ke da kusan 10 cm tsawo kuma ana kafe a cikin gonar lambu tare da ƙari da gansakuka. Ana bada shawara don aiwatar da sare tare da Kornevin. Don hunturu, ana kawo seedlings a cikin ɗakin, kuma a cikin bazara ana dasa su a cikin ƙasa bude ko girma a cikin manyan tubs.
Kula da tsiro
Ana iya kiran Datura tsire-tsire marasa fassara, amma dole ne a kiyaye wasu ka'idojin kulawa. Ana shuka 'ya'yan itace a cikin ƙasa a ƙarshen Mayu ko farkon Yuni. Tsakanin tsire-tsire, nisa na 1 m wajibi ne, tunda a cikin maɓallin yanki datura yana haɓaka talauci. Lokacin dasawa, yana da mahimmanci don adana ƙamshin dunƙule, kamar yadda rhizome ke lalacewa cikin sauƙi.
Wurin saukar da wuri ya kamata ya kasance rana, bushe da kwantar da hankula (stubs sun karya sauƙi daga iska mai ƙarfi). Soilasar dole ne ta kasance mai gina jiki da sako-sako. Ilsasa tare da tsaka tsaki ko ɗan ƙaramin abu alkaline ya dace, an ƙara lemun tsami zuwa ƙasa na acidic kafin dasa shuki.
Datura yana son yin ruwa na yau da kullun. Manyan ganyenta suna bushe danshi da yawa. Tare da kasa isasshen ruwa, da sauri suka bushe da kuma rasa turgor. A lokacin zafi, ana shayar da shuka kowace rana ko aƙalla kowace rana. A wannan yanayin, yakamata ruwa ya kasance mai tsayayyen tushe. Don adana kwalliyar ganyayyaki, fesawa lokaci-lokaci tare da ruwa mai tsabta wajibi ne.
A lokacin girma da fure, Datura tana cikin tsananin buƙatar abinci mai gina jiki. Ana amfani da takin mai magani sau 2-4 a wata. Ciyar da wannan shuka mai saurin girma kusan ba zai yuwu ba. Ma'adinai da aka gurɓata ma'adinan da ke cikin ƙasa sun taimaka wa ƙasa. Don yin furanni yalwatacce, ana shayar da datti da ruwa mai tsauri. Wani lokaci, zaku iya ba da shi tare da madara daga lemun tsami. Rashin ruwa da taki zai iya haifar da ragewar fure ko cikakkiyar zubar da fure.
Saboda haka a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren harbe ba su fallasa ba kuma daji ya riƙe adorativeness, dole ne a yanke shi. Sakamakon cropping, an kafa ƙarin launuka. Ana aiwatar da hanyar a ƙarshen fure ko a farkon bazara. Idan tsire-tsire suna girma kamar perennials a filin budewa, a ƙarshen kaka duk an cire harbe har zuwa ƙasa. A cikin bazara, ana dasa shuki masu tsire-tsire sabo.
A tsakiyar Rasha, a cikin bude ƙasa, Datura ba ta hunturu. Don kyawawan bushes sha wahala frosts, su ya kamata a girma a cikin tubs. Ko kuma a shekara a cikin bazara don juyawa daga ƙasa buɗe zuwa cikin tukwane masu zurfi. Tsirrai basa iya jure yanayin zafin jiki zuwa + 6 ... + 8 ° C. A cikin hunturu, ya kamata a kiyaye Datura a + 10 ... + 12 ° C. A cikin dakin da ya fi zafi, mai tushe zai shimfiɗa kuma ya fi. Ana shayar da shi da wuya. Haske na iya zama matsakaici. A farkon bazara, ana dasa bishiyoyi kuma an ɗauke su zuwa wuta da ɗakuna masu wuta.
Datura yana da tsayayya wa cuta, amma launin toka na iya ci gaba a cikin tsiro mai yawa. Karin kwari sukan kamu dashi da wuya. Sai kawai a take hakkin fasahar aikin gona a kan kambi na iya jan gizo-gizo mite, weevils, whiteflies da kwari kwari shirya. Magungunan cututtukan fata suna taimaka wa cututtukan cututtukan fata.
Datura a gonar
Saboda doguwar fure mai dumbin yawa, da kuma manyan abubuwan da ba a saba gani ba, Datura bako ne maraba da kowane irin lambu. Ana amfani dashi a cikin wuraren murɗa abinci, gadajen fure da tsire-tsire iri. Varietiesa'idodi masu ƙanshi zasu zama ba kawai a matsayin ado na gani ba, har ma suna rufe wari mara dadi daga tarin takin. Tsarin gewaye ya faɗo ƙasa, yana samar da daji mai tsire-tsire. A wannan yanayin, wajibi ne don iyakance damar zuwa shuka ga yara da dabbobi.
Grass a magani
Datura shine mai guba, haɓakar hallucinogenic. Ruwan ruwan sa ya ƙunshi alkaloids, musamman atropine da Scopolamine, da tannins, fats, carotene da mai mai mahimmanci. Babban adadin abubuwanda aka gano sune ɓangare na tsaba. Karkashin tasirin abubuwan maye, mutum yana fuskantar abubuwan tunani, amnesia, tabin hankali kuma ya rasa daidaituwa. Aikin na iya wuce awoyi da yawa. Tare da yawan abin sama da ya kamata, hanyoyinda ba za'a iya juya su ba a cikin kwakwalwa suma zasu yiwu.
Don duk haɗarinsa, ana amfani da Datura ba kawai a cikin maganin gargajiya da al'adun addini ba, har ma a fannin magunguna. Kamar yadda kuka sani, yawancin gubobi a cikin ƙananan suna aiki a matsayin magani. Tare da taimakon kwayoyi masu ɗauke da bayanan cire bayanai, suna yakar cututtukan masu zuwa:
- rheumatism;
- tachycardia;
- farashi;
- cholecystitis;
- mashako;
- asma;
- neuralgia;
- motsi mara nauyi.
Magungunan gargajiyar yana amfani da kayan ƙyalli da tinctures tare da fiɗa don rage tashin hankali, jin daɗin tsokoki, rage yawan tari, fuka da rage tashin hankali. Dope kuma yana maganin cututtukan ciki, na huhun ciki kuma ana amfani dashi don hana thrombosis. Ana fitar da ganyaye a farkon farkon fure. Sun bushe a cikin iska mai tsayi a ƙarƙashin wani igiya. Dry raw kayan suna ƙasa cikin gari da kuma adana a cikin jakunkuna har shekara guda. Tushen za'a iya girbe shi duk shekara.
Amfani da aka sani a masana'antar kwaskwarima na depilatory oil daga ganyayyaki da tushen Datura. Tare da shafa kullun a cikin fata, gashi yana zama da bakin ciki kuma yayi girma a hankali, daga ƙarshe ya shuɗe gabaɗaya.
Hakanan ana amfani da Datura a cikin dabbobin dabbobi. Ana ƙara ganyayyaki masu kyau zuwa abincin ciyarwa don haɓaka samuwar mai. Shirye-shiryen ganye suna taimakawa wajen rage shan dabbobin.
Kariya da aminci
Duk da ingancin kaddarorin, Datura ta kasance ɗayan tsirrai masu guba a duniya. Alamomin yawan shan ruwa sama sune:
- pupilsan makaranta
- karuwar zuciya;
- jan launi na fata;
- ciwon kai;
- bushe mucous membranes.
Idan an samo irin waɗannan alamu, nan da nan kurum ciki, ɗauka magunguna masu shaye-shaye kuma tafi asibiti.
