Hoya - kulawa da haifuwa a gida, nau'in hoto

Hoya - wani tsiro mai ƙyalli na asali zuwa Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, yana girma a Indiya, tsibirin Polynesian, yankin Australiya. Na kowa sunan shi da kakin zuma ivy.

Hoya mai zafi na Hoya ta kasance ta Lastovny da ke cikin ƙasa (walaƙwalwa) Ya danganta da iri-iri, yakan faru ne a cikin yanayi a cikin nau'in kurangar ciyawa, epiphytes da ciyayi.

Halaye daban-daban na bishiyar hoya mai ruwan hoda sune ganye mai duhu mai duhu mai duhu (furen ƙasa, ganye mara ƙwaya) da kyawawan ƙarancin launuka masu ƙyalƙyali masu launi (ruwan hoda, fari, rawaya, maroon).

Itace dutsen can na iya kaiwa tsawon tsawon mita 2 zuwa 10, tsayin bushes bai wuce cm 60 ba.

Dukiya mai amfani

Itace magani:

• Taimakawa don kawar da rikicewar juyayi, ciwon kai, cututtukan fata na fata (furunlera, carbunlera).
• ƙanshi na inflorescences na shuka ana ɗaukarsa azhrodisiac.

Dangane da camfe-camfen, Noua tsohuwar garkuwar jiki ce, wata shuka ce da ke yin rajista a cikin gungun 'samari maza'. Masana furen, wadanda basu da son kai, suna ɗaukar hoya garantin zaman lafiyar iyali, kishin gidan daga hassada.

Siffofin girma a gida. A takaice

Hoya na tropical hoya a gida namo ne unpretentious. Amma ko da ƙananan ƙananan yara na gida suna buƙatar kulawa ta dace. Babban ka'idojin abubuwanda ke ciki sune kamar haka:

Hoya kula a gida. Daki-daki

Tropical unpretentious fure zai taimaka rayar da greenhouse, cika shi da m tabarau na greenery da lush fure, ƙawata ciki na gidan.

Da ke ƙasa akwai shawarwarin da za su taimaka wa masu lambu su shuka kyakkyawan shuka kuma su kirkiro yanayi mafi dacewa don ci gabanta, kusa da na halitta.

Gudun ruwa

Hoya yayi saurin daidaita a gida. Ba za a iya kira wannan fure da wuya a yi fure ba, akasin haka, ba skimp akan samuwar inflorescences. A cikin kakar, ɗayan shuka guda ɗaya na iya jefa daga guda ɗaya zuwa hamsin buds.

Ummi mai haske da launuka masu launuka iri-iri daga furanni biyar masu kama da juna mai kama da juna a cikin diamita na iya kaiwa zuwa 8-11 cm. budaya daga cikin toho yana iya samun fure 750, saboda haka ba abin mamaki bane cewa yana iya nauyin fiye da gram 200. Saboda samuwar manya da nauyi a diamita, ba a ba da shawarar sake dasa shuki a lokutan furanni.

A kan furanni hoyi Nectar ya tara adadi mai yawa, wanda ya rufe ganyen. Wannan yana haifar da sakamakon rufe furanni da kakin zuma, a cikin haske mai haske, fure mai fure suna haskakawa.

Fulawa yana ɗaukar watanni da yawa (3-4), yana da ƙarfi da ƙanshi. Amsar fure mai farantawa ido tsawon sati uku, bayan haka ta fadi kasa, kuma aka kirkiri wani sabo a wurin sa. Shahararren ƙanshin ƙanshin nectar yana da dandano mai ƙanshi, tare da adadi mai yawa na inflorescences ƙanshi na iya zama cloying da mai sa maye.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Hoya na gida zafi ne. Ba ya yarda da zayyana da canje-canje kwatsam a zazzabi a cikin ɗakin. Jin iska mai sanyi don ci gaban wannan fure + 24 ° C. A lokacin hutawa, wanda ya fadi a cikin lokutan hunturu, ya fi kyau a kiyaye hoya a wani wuri mai sanyi a zazzabi na + 10-16 ° С. Matsakaicin amplitude na tsarin zafin jiki shine +15 - 20 ° С.

Duk da asalin fure mai tsananin zafi da yanayinsa, amma bayajin zafi. Saboda haka, a cikin zafin rana mai tsayayya da zafi, yana da ma'ana don kare fure daga tsananin zafin rana, wani lokacin zuwa inuwa.

Watering da spraying

Aiki lokaci na girma da fure a cikin ganiya zazzabi ya kamata a tare da yawan watering na shuka.

• Tsarin danshi na ƙasa bai wuce sau ɗaya a mako ba.
• Ana buƙatar shayarwa ta gaba a zurfin bushe na 2-3 cm na babba yadudduka na dasa ƙasa.
• Ruwa da shuka tare da ingantaccen ruwan sha mai ɗumi a zazzabi.

Idan yawan zafin jiki a cikin dakin ya wuce + 24 ° C, furen yana buƙatar ƙarin recharge tare da danshi.

• Don cika kasawarta, ana amfani da magudanar ruwa, ana amfani da magunan wuta.
• Don taimaka wa shuka su jimre da rashin danshi, haka kuma zaka iya amfani da wankin ganye.

Lura: ɗan itacen masara na jure ruwa da kyau lokacin da aka fesa kuma a wanke, kuma inflorescences baƙar fata daga danshi, sabili da haka, waɗannan hanyoyin don kula da hoya dole ne a yi a hankali.

Haske

Haske mai yada hasken haske ya fi son yawan fure na hoya, shading yana taimakawa kare foliage daga konewa. Dangane da waɗannan halaye na shuka, ya kamata ka zaɓi tsakanin sha'awar jin daɗin samuwar buds ko m da manyan ganye.

Mafi kyawun wuri a cikin gidan shine gefen kudu maso gabas. Kuna iya shuka shuka ampel a cikin inuwa, amma yawan ci gaban wannan yanayin zai ragu sosai.

A lokacin bazara, zaku iya ƙirƙirar yanayin fure na fure don haɓaka - kai shi zuwa kan titi kuma sanya shi a cikin wurin da aka kiyaye shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye - kusa da shuki ko bishiyoyi tare da kambi mai yawa ba mai yawa ba.

Yadda ake shafa ƙura

Yawancin ganyen kakin zuma na hoya sune kyakkyawan ƙura masu tara ƙura. Lokaci na tsabtatawa na kyawawan ƙwayoyi na wurare masu zafi ana buƙata. Ana iya shafe ganyen fure tare da goge goge da aka yi da masana'anta na halitta ko a cikin shawa. Ana shawarar yin aikin sau ɗaya a wata.

Wiwi

Hoya na cikin gida flower ana horar da manyan tukwane na fure da aka yi da filastik ko yumbu tare da ramuka na magudanar ruwa.

• Idan babban maƙasudi lokacin girma fure yana da yalwataccen fure, kuna buƙatar zaɓi tukunya mai kusa. Capacityarancin ƙarfin girman girman yana hana haɓaka tsarin tushen, wanda ke ba da izinin shuka don ciyar da duk abubuwan gina jiki da aka karɓa akan samuwar buds, kuma ba kan ci gaban sababbin harbe ba.
• Idan hoya ya fi ban sha'awa azaman hawan itacen inabi na har abada, tukunyar filawa (kwantena) ita ce yanke shawara lokacin da aka dasa shuki da dasa shuki.

Kasar

Hoya yana karɓar baƙin abubuwa masu saurin canzawa. Don dasa shuki ko ɗanɗanar fure, zaka iya siyan cakudden da aka shirya ko dafa shi da kanka. Lokacin zabar, dan kadan acidic da tsaka-tsakin kasa ya kamata a fifita. Abun na iya zama daban:

• turf + ƙasar ganye + peat + yashi + humus (1/2/1/1/1);
• peat + perlite + haushi bishiyar + kayan kwakwa (1/1/1/1);
• lambun ƙasa + perlite + vermiculite + moss (2/1/1/1/1).

Taki da taki

Nutrientsarin abubuwan gina jiki suna buƙatar yanayin aiki na girma da fure kawai.

• Daidaitaccen takin ma'adinai (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium) ana amfani dasu ga kasar gona da daidaituwar ruwa.
• Ba shi yiwuwa a ba da ruwa tushen tsarin tare da abubuwan gina jiki. An zuba cakuda da aka shirya a cikin tukunya, yana bin gefen rim ɗin.
• Lokacin yin saman miya, ya zama dole a bi umarnin masana'antun takin gargajiya don tsirrai na cikin gida, masu noman fure sun ba da gudummawa rabin abin da aka ƙayyade.

Juyawa

Hoya ana dasa shi a cikin bazara sau daya a kowace shekara, idan yazo ga ingantaccen shuka. An dasa samfuran matasa a kowace shekara. Canjin gaggawa yana da mahimmanci ga shuka a lokuta na kamuwa da cuta tare da cututtukan ta kuma saboda dalilan da ba a san dalilin wilting ta ba.

Juyin halitta ya kunshi matakai da yawa:

• zaɓi na tukunyar fure;
• cika tanki da magudanar ruwa;
• cire itace daga tsohuwar tukunyar;
• dubawa daga cikin tushen tsarin;
• sanya shuka a cikin sabon tukunya;
• cika tanki da sabon ƙasa;
• Shayar da tsirrai.

Matsakaicin ƙasa da magudanar ruwa (3/1).

Yadda ake shuka amfanin gona

A cikin cirewa ko sarewa da harbe, shuka yana buƙatar:

• lokacin da cututtuka da kwari suka lalace;
• tare da wuce gona da iri.

Don gajarta da cire harbe, yi amfani da keɓaɓɓu. Yanka ana yin shi ne tsakanin nodules na kara. Otsan buɗe ido wanda aka ɗora alamun buds ba batun cirewa. A lokacin lokacin furanni na gaba, sababbin inflorescences zasu samar akan su.

Lokacin hutawa

Ingancin kula da Noua yayin lokacin sanyi yana tabbatar da wadataccen fure. A cikin hunturu, shuka ba ya takin, ba ya dasawa, rage mita ta ban ruwa, samar da tsarin zazzabi da bai wuce + 16 ° C ba.

Shin yana yiwuwa a bar hoya ba tare da kulawa ba

Idan an cika duk yanayin tsarewa, to za a iya barin tsiro na fure mai kyau a cikin wani wuri mai inuwa don makonni da yawa, bayan an shayar da shi, a haɗo shi kuma a ba shi daskararren danshi a cikin tukunya, a yayyafa saman Layer na ƙasa tare da yumɓu mai laushi.

Hoya kiwo

Ta yin amfani da yanke da yankewa, zaku iya samun ƙarin samfuran Noua a gida.

Hoya yaduwa ta hanyar yanke

Yanke suna da tasiri a tsakiyar bazara ko farkon faɗuwar rana. Lignified cuttings dole ne a kalla hudu ganye. Yankuna na kara an yi su da santimita biyu a ƙasan ganye.

Lokacin da aka shirya kayan itace, kuna buƙatar yin waɗannan matakai:

• ta da tushen kafa ta hanyar riƙe su aƙalla awanni 24 cikin tushen tushen;
• zabi tushen tushen (ruwa, yashi, canjin ƙasa);
• sanya gefuna a cikin akwati tare da tushe da murfi tare da fim;
• samar da tsarin zazzabi a cikin dakin ba kasa da + 20 ° С;
• bayan wata daya, dasa tushen da ya kafe a cikin tukunyar filawa tare da ƙasa mai gina jiki da aka shirya;
• tsunkule fiɗa na matasa harbe don ta da fure.

Yaduwa ta hanyar farawa

Hanyar mafi sauƙaƙa hanyar haifuwa ita ce samar da layering:

• harbe na fure mai santsi a cikin wani madaidaitan baka;
• tanƙwara saman kowane baka zuwa farkon fararen ƙasa kuma yayyafa da ƙasa;
• a tsakanin makonni biyu zuwa uku, ana kafa tushen a sassan yayyafa;
• wani ɓangare na tushe tare da tushen keɓance ta hanyar keɓewa kuma a canza shi zuwa tukunya daban tare da ƙasa mai gina jiki da aka shirya a baya.

Za'a iya yin farantin tare da taimakon ƙananan incisions akan mai tushe na fure. A lokacin da moistened wuraren incised (winding mai tushe tare da gansakuka), kuzarin tushen ci gaba faruwa.

Cutar da kwari

Duk yanayin cutarwa da cututtuka na iya shafar mahimmancin Hoya:

• rot Tushen da mai tushe - wuce haddi danshi, wuce gona da iri;
• ganye juya rawaya hoyi - yanayin ban ruwa ba'a lura dashi ba;
• petals da buds crumble - sake fasalin shuka zuwa wani sabon wuri, danshi lokacin da aka shayar da ruwa ko kuma ya fesa a kan inflorescences;
• jinkirin girma mai tushe - karancin ƙasa don abinci mai gina jiki, rashin kulawa da gwargwado yayin amfani da takin zamani.
• ganye juya kodadde kore - isasshen aikace-aikacen takin mai magani na nitrogen;
• launin ruwan kasa burbushi a cikin ganyayyaki - yawan wuce haddi ga radadi na ultraviolet (konewa);
• ganye hoyi curl da bushe - ƙarancin zafi, rashin ruwa, yawan zafin jiki a ɗakin;
• ba ya yin fure - rashin isasshen haske, yanayin hunturu ba a haɗuwa, an yanke filawar furanni;
• maras kyau ganye - rashin danshi;
• launin ruwan kasa ganye gefuna - kamuwa da cuta na fungal;
• dige masu duhu akan ganye matasa - tabin ƙwayar cuta;
• ganye an rufe su da farin kaya - Powdery mildew shan kashi.

Zasu iya shafar mealybug, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, kwari kwari, tushen nematodes.

Nau'in Hoya na gida tare da hotuna da sunaye

Yawancin hoya na wurare masu zafi suna da yawa. Da ke ƙasa akwai kwatancin mafi kyawun wakilan tsirrai na cikin gida na al'adun halittar Noua.

Meaty hoya, ko kakin zuma mai kauri

Hoya carnosa - liana, tsayin lignified mai tushe zai iya kaiwa mita 6. Ganyayyaki masu launin koren duhu masu duhu tare da cream ko launin rawaya, m, fleshy, waxy. Furanni masu launin tauraro (guda 20-30.) Ana tattara su a cikin laima inflorescences na launin ruwan hoda mai duhu. Dogon furanni (kaka-kaka).

Hoya kyakkyawa ce

Hoya bella shine karamin ciyayi mai tsami tare da gudana, mai tushe mai tushe. Tana da ƙananan ganyayyaki masu launi iri-iri na launin shuɗi (3 cm), fararen inflorescences tare da kambi mai launin shuɗi (7-9 inji.), An tattara a cikin wata tofa mai siffa. Fulawa mai tsayi, ya faɗi a lokacin rani.

Hoya yadin

Hoya lacunosa - fitsari. Yana da duhu mai duhu rhomboid mai tushe ya kai tsawon 6 cm. Furanni a cikin farin inflorescences (inji mai kwakwalwa 15-20) Kuma kambi mai rawaya a tsakiyar an rufe shi da tari, tattara daga laima na fure. Fusoshin tsire-tsire masu yawa ne, kar a datse kansu. Fulawa halayya ce daga ƙarshen bazara zuwa tsakiyar kaka.

Hoya mai dumbin yawa

Hoya multiflora - busasshiyar shuka tare da wavy waxy ganyen duhu kore launi, kai tsawon 10-12 cm. Thin lignified mai tushe ba su curl - madaidaiciya. Girma a matsayin amintaccen shuka, ya kai tsawo na 60 - 70 cm. Inflorescences su ne fari-fari (har zuwa 40 inji mai kwakwalwa.), Partashin ɓangaren furanni yana mai juyawa, budsan uran da aka kafa sune laima-mai siffa. Tana da ƙamshin lemon tsami lokacin fure. Samuwar buds yana faɗuwa a farkon bazara, tsakiyar kaka.

Hoya Kerra

Hoya Kerrii babban itacen inabi ne, mai tushe ya kai tsawon mil 2. Yana da ganyayyaki kore mai haske waɗanda suke da kamannin zuciya (12 cm tsayi, fadi 9 cm) kuma mai tushe mai kauri tare da tushen iska mai yawa. A inflorescences wasu ƙananan, suna kama da taurari masu lebur, tsakiyar suna duhu, ƙananan petals suna cikin ƙasa, a cikin toho akwai furanni 25. A lokacin furanni, yana fitar da kamshin chlorine. Ana ganin fure mai dumbin yawa a lokacin bazara.

Hoya mai girma

Hoya imperialis itacen inabi ne da curry na bakin ciki mai tsayi mai tsayi har tsawon m 8. Manyan ganye (20 cm tsayi) tsayi tare da launi mai duhu koren launi, mai sheki. Umbrella inflorescences ya ƙunshi manyan furanni goma na hute violet, da zuciyar fari. A lokacin furanni, suna haifar da ƙanshin itace. Ana kafa Buds a cikin bazara da bazara.

Hoya Ostiraliya ko Kudancin

Hoya australis liana ne mai tsawon mita 10 tare da babban ganye mai kauri mai tsawon gaske na tsawon cm 15 a tsawon launi mai launi yana iya zama haske ko kore mai duhu. A cikin wata laima guda, akwai furanni har zuwa goma na farin-ruwan hoda ko inuwa mai tsami, suna haifar da ƙanshin yaji. Yana blooms yafi daga marigayi bazara zuwa Nuwamba.

Hoya mai santsi

Hoya pubicalyx - wani itacen hawa mai hawa 7m tsawo, tare da manyan kakin zuma oblong ganye (tsawon 14 cm), koren launi tare da azurfa aibobi.An nuna shi ta fuskoki da dama na inflorescences - daga haske zuwa ruwan hoda zuwa maroon har ma da baki. Kwandon inflorescence ne ya samar da fure 30 wanda ke haifar da kamshin turare. Yana fure a lokacin rani.