Winter-hardy iri-iri don Central Rasha - pear "Space"

Pear yana daya daga cikin amfanin gona da yafi dacewa a cikin yanayin yanayi mai zafi na Rasha.

Masu lambu suna son yaduwar wannan itace, suna godiya da dandano mai kyau da dandano mai kyau kuma suna la'akari da kusan mafi kyawun amfanin gona wanda aka haɓaka a tsakiyar hanya tare da matsalolin yanayi.

Daya daga cikin na kowa iri-iri pears "Cosmic" - Bayani na iri-iri da hoto na 'ya'yan itace daga baya a cikin labarin. A halin yanzu, ana girma ne a yankunan kewayen birni, manyan gonaki da ƙananan lambuna.

Wani irin pears yana nufin?

A lokacin girbi, dukkanin pears sun kasu kashi uku - hunturu, kaka da kuma rani. Wanda aka yi la'akari da shi shine na pears. 'Ya'yan itatuwa na wannan rukuni sun cika kusan watan Agusta ko farkon watan Satumba. Saboda haka, ripening ya faru kafin girbi na kaka iri.

Haɗuwa don rani iri ya nuna cewa 'ya'yan itãcen "Cosmic" tare da dandano mai kyau ba za ta iya "alfahari" da ikon yin tanadi na dogon lokaci ba.

Sauran rani sun haɗa da: ga yara, Carmen, Limonka, Orlovskaya Belorita da Chizhovskaya.

An yi imani cewa baza'a iya adana iri iri ba bayan girbi fiye da makonni biyu.

Mutane da yawa masu lambu, wadanda suke da tsunduma a cikin "Cosmic" pear, suna jayayya cewa za'a iya adana wannan 'ya'yan itace ba tare da yin hadaya ba. kawai kwanaki 10.

Ee da tattara cikakke 'ya'yan itatuwa na wannan iri-iri ne mafi alhẽri ga 4-6 daysin ba haka ba, pears za su sake raira waƙa, lanƙwasawa da crumble.

Game da rarraba pears bisa ga amfani da su, "Space" yana daukar wuri mai dacewa a cikin babban nau'in nau'in nau'i. Saboda kwarewar da ake gani da kuma kayan dadi masu kyau, waɗannan 'ya'yan itace masu ban sha'awa suna da kyau don amfani da sabon amfani.

Amma wannan ba yana nufin cewa ba'a amfani da su ba don shirye-shiryen kayan samfurori daban-daban da kuma naman alade.

Tarihin kiwo da yankin kiwo

Yawan nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'in nau'i ne Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Ciyayi da Nursery ta Rasha. I.V. Michurin (Michurinsk, Tambov yankin). Masu marubuta sune G. A. Lobanov da Z. I. Ivanova.

Don samun sabon matasan, masana sun ketare nau'i biyu na pears. Ma'aurata biyu sun kasance "Rasha Malgorzatka"kuma"Yar Blancova".

An kirkiro iri-iri tare da ra'ayi don tsarawa da kuma rarraba rarraba a gonaki na gargajiya a Rasha, musamman a cikin Yankunan da ba Chernozem da tsakiyar Chernozem.

A cikin wadannan yankuna, irin waɗannan abubuwa kamar Gera, Lada, Farin Yakovleva, Rossoshanskaya Dessert, Lyra sun girma.

Domin a ci gaba da pear a cikin yanayin yanayin Rasha mai tsananin zafi, an karfafa shi a yayin da aka haife shi a kan kara ƙarfin juriya a tsayi mai yawa.

Bisa ga lura da masana da dama, kwarewar ya fito fili. Dukiyarsa suna da sha'awar wasu shayarwa wadanda suka kirkiro sababbin nau'o'in matasan.

Musamman ma, "Space" da aka yi amfani da shi a aikin da aka tsara irin su "Golden lokacin rani"kuma"Permyachka", wani mashahurin rukuni na {asar Rasha, na noman pear da apple, farfesa Leonid Kotov.

Pear "Cosmic": bayanin irin iri-iri da hotuna

Wannan inji yana da siffofi na bayyane da kuma siffofi-musamman:

• Tree Don girma girma. Zai iya kaiwa 5-6 m da karin. Don sarrafa yawan amfanin ƙasa da ake buƙata pruning.
• Krone, rassan. Ana yaduwa kullun kambi na itace mafi saurin yawa. Wani nau'in nau'i nau'i ne mai nau'i. Raƙuman raƙuman rassan sun kusan a kusurwar dama daga gangar jikin.
• Harbe. Yawancin madaidaiciya. Mafi girma kauri daga cikin harbe shi ne matsakaici, launin launi ne. Akwai kananan ƙananan lentils a kan harbe. Abincin, a matsayin mai mulkin, 'ya'yan itace' ya'yan itace ne.
• Bar. Yi launin kore. Yawanci matsakaici sized. Ta hanyar launinsa, leaf na "Cosmic" pear yayi kama da kwai. Yawancin lokaci da gefuna (wani lokacin ma'anar) suna da tasiri. Gilashin takarda mai banƙyama zuwa santsi.
• 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari. Su ne ƙananan ƙananan ko matsakaici a cikin girman. Matsayin tayi daya daga cikin 80 zuwa 110 g.

  Danna bishiya ta hanyar elongated da kuma karamin stalk. Tsarin fata mai launin rawaya mai launin kore, tare da ƙananan cututtuka masu duhu (a gefe na 'ya'yan itacen da ke fuskantar rana, bayyanar wani nau'i mai nau'in haɗari yana yiwuwa) yana rufe mai da nama mai laushi, wanda ake kira hatsi mai kyau da kuma dandano mai dadi.

  A cikin jiki shine matsakaicin matsakaici, launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa oblong, tare da nunawa, nuna. Seed chamber - rufe.

Don ƙarin bayani game da nau'in nau'in pear "Cosmic" zai iya zama a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa:

Halaye

Itacen itacen da aka ƙayyade zai fara cika kai 'ya'ya bayan shekaru 5-6 bayan an shuka shi a gonar.

Lokacin da ake shirin bunkasa irin wannan pear da tunani game da amfanin gona na gaba, dole ne a tuna cewa wannan shuka Yawanci yakan haifar da 'ya'ya a kowace shekara kawai a lokacin ƙuruciya. A cikin tsufa, akwai lokaci (tare da interruptions) fruiting.

Tun da iri-iri da aka bred tare da tsammanin yawan rarraba shi cikin lambun Tsakiya Rashainda akwai dogon lokaci mai yawa da kuma mummunan rauni kuma maimakon jin sanyi mai sanyi da kuma kaka-kakar, "Cosmic" yana nuna kanta a matsayin al'ada high mataki na sanyi juriya.

Good sanyi juriya ne daban-daban maki: Rogneda, Sverdlovchanka, Svetlyanka, Samara Beauty da Fairy Tale.

Musamman, bisa ga binciken da aka yi a cikin hunturu mai sanyi da 1978/1979 a kusa da birnin Oryol, itace da haushi a jikin jikin wannan pear sun daskarewa har zuwa fiye da maki 2.5.

A lokaci guda, duk da yanayin yanayin damuwa wanda wannan nau'in ya kasance, Yana bada cikakkiyar yawan amfanin 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kyau.

Bisa ga kididdigar, kulawa da kyau na shuka zai ba ka damar cimma yana samar da 150 kg ko fiye daga itace guda.

Bugu da kari, a cikin al'adun gargajiya, akwai wasu lokuta inda, saboda ragewa a kan nauyin a kan itacen, yana yiwuwa ya karu da yawa (yayin da yake ci gaba da ci gaba) 'ya'yan itace har zuwa 300-350 grams.

Wannan nauyi ya ba da damar lambu don girbi daga bishiyoyi har zuwa 190 kilogiram na pears, kuma game da 440 na tsakiya na samar da 'ya'yan itace a kowace hectare.

Amma ga rabon rabo na sunadaran da ke dauke da "Cosmic" pear, yana kama da wannan:

Cosmic pear "Cosmic" shine dadi mai dadi 'ya'yan itace dessert manufa. Ya mallaki mai kyau transportability da high marketability. Yi amfani da shi duka sabo ne kuma a cikin nau'in abinci mai sarrafawa: 'ya'yan itatuwa masu sassaka, haɓaka, marmalade, tsare, da dai sauransu.

Kwaro mai ban sha'awa yana da mahimmanci ga masu amfani ba kawai don dandano mai ban sha'awa ba, amma har ma da yawancin halaye masu cin abinci masu amfani wanda ke taimakawa mutum ya magance cututtukan koda.

Har ila yau yana da anti-mai kumburi da kuma protivoskleroznymi Properties, yana inganta da excretion na wuce haddi salts da danshi.

Ana nuna irin wadannan nau'o'in irin wannan nau'in nau'in pear: A cikin ƙwaƙwalwar Zhegalov, Moskvichka, Otradnenskaya, M Efimova da Marble.

Dasa da kulawa

Saplings of a grade "Space" ƙasar, a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin bazara. Za ku iya shuka pear kuma a cikin kaka, amma wannan ya faru a kalla wata daya kafin farkon sanyi.

Ya kamata a sami itace a cikin mafi haske da busassun wuri. Tun da wannan al'ada yana da matukar damuwa ga tsire-tsire, dole ne a shirya don gaskiyar cewa wannan wurin na itace zai kasance na har abada. Saboda haka, ya kamata a dauki inganci sosai.

Ba'a ba da shawarar shuka seedlings a wuraren da ba a kwance ba inda yawancin ruwa ya zo kusa da ƙasa. Idan ba ku kula da wannan yanayin ba, itace a cikin hunturu zai iya zama sanyi sosai kuma ya mutu.

Bugu da kari, wajibi ne a kula da abun da ke cikin sinadarai na kasar gona a wurin shuka. "Sarari", kamar kowane nau'in pear, an karbi shi kuma daga bisani ya ba da girbi mai kyau a kan ƙasa mai laushi.

Idan saboda wani dalili dole ka dasa itace a kan yumɓun ƙasa, an bada shawara don ƙara takin, peat da babban kogi yashi.

Haka kuma a kan yashi kasa za a buƙaci a kara humus, peat da takin.
Don dasa shuki da aka dasa seedling rami 100-120 cm zurfi da 70-80 cm a diamita An bada shawara a bar ramin ya tsaya don kwanaki da yawa kafin dasa, Bay a cikin shi 2 buckets na ruwa.

A wannan lokacin zai zama da amfani a yi wa tsararraki mai zurfi, musamman a waɗannan lokuta idan akwai tuhuma cewa ruwan karkashin kasa yana kusa da ita.

Gaba ɗaya, don tabbatar da kanka daga kowane irin "ruwa" abin mamaki, zai fi kyau shuka shuke-shuke a kan ƙananan elevations.

Kafin dasa shuki, kasar gona ta fita daga ramin, gauraye tare da wasu buckets na yashi, tare da taki (humus) (game da 2-3 buckets), ƙara zuwa gare ta gilashin superphosphate, 2-3 tablespoons na potassium sulfate.

An saka iri a cikin rami, asalinsu sun cika tare da cakudawar ƙasa da aka shirya, kuma, idan sun ci gaba da tasa ƙasa tare da ƙafafunsu, an zuba su da ruwa. Don hana yadu daga evaporating, ana zubar da shafin saukowa tare da takaddama mai nauyin humus.

Tsakanin layuka na pears, zaka iya shuka kayan lambu tare da tsarin tushen kananan (radishes, kabeji, wake, wake, da sauransu).

Yana da wuya a shuka a kusa da pear wani tsire mai tsayi (misali, sunflower ko masara), wanda zai dauki kayan abinci mai mahimmanci daga ƙwayoyin baya.

A gefe guda kuma, yana da kyawawa cewa iri-iri "Cosmic" na gefe mai kyau tare da bishiyoyi na sauran nau'in pear.

Standard pear kula ya hada da na yau da kullum watering, ciyar da aiki na shuka da kwari. A cikin Maris, pruning ta kawar da tsohon rassan da rassan tare da tsofaffi, kuma sauran ya rage ta.

A watan Afrilu an bada shawara don fesa itacen sau biyu daga kwari. - na farko, lokacin lokacin lokacin da furanni ya fara, na biyu lokacin da flower buds ya bayyana. Mayu - ciyar da lokaci, zai fi dacewa a cikin nau'in urea.

Yawan rani ya zama dole Ruwa da ruwa kullum. A cikin fall, shirya don hunturu, ya kamata ka kula da hade ƙasa (takin, superphosphate, ash, potassium, da sauransu).

Cututtuka da kwari

Gaba ɗaya, ƙwayoyin Cosmic suna da tsayayya sosai ga //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html da sauran cututtuka, irin su ƙurar kwayar cuta ko tsatsa.

A lokaci guda, wannan pear iya sha wahala daga wasu kwari kwari. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, rassan sarrafawa da haɓakar kambi.

Fresh, dadi da kuma lafiya pear na wannan iri-iri zai zama gaskiya na ado na karimci tebur. Amma don wannan lambu zai yi haƙuri kuma yayi ƙoƙari mai yawa.