Unpretentious a cikin kulawa kuma daidai yarda da Rasha iri-iri iri-iri na Pear bugu

Kyakkyawan mace mai suna Rogned mai suna labaran nau'in pears da ke da kyau a cikin gidajen lambun kusa da Moscow.

Mutane da yawa sun san yadda mummunar matsala ta matasa 'yar Polotsk Rogneda, wadda ta fadi a cikin maƙalar ƙirar siyasa. Ba wata hanya ba ne cewa mãkirci ya kasance tushen tushen da opera na wannan sunan da A. Serov ya yi.

Amma 'ya'yan itatuwa na nau'in nau'in ba suyi kama da wasan kwaikwayon tarihin wasan kwaikwayon ba - sun fito ne mai kyau, dadi da m, kamar yarinya a cikin launuka masu haske na rani.

Pear da aka yi - bayanin irin iri-iri, hotunan 'ya'yan itatuwa, sake dubawa da kuma shawarwarin masu aikin gona a baya a cikin labarin.

Tarihin kiwo

Kamar sauran sauran nau'in nau'in pear, an halicci matasan da kyau kamar yadda sanyi yake da shi Central, North-West da Volga-Vyatka yankin a Cibiyar Nazarin Noma ta Moscow. K.A. Timiryazeva.

Tunda 1987, an yi gwajin gwaje-gwajen, kuma a shekara ta 2001 an sami nasarar shiga shi a cikin Littafin Jihar da kuma bada shawara ga gidajen gida da gonaki na masana'antu, da kuma matsayin abin da ke da alamar kayan kiwon dabbobi.

M hukuma a tsakanin pomologov - Gennady Petrovich Rylov (wanda ya halicci na farko a kasarmu varietal gandun daji) ya cancanci wannan nau'in pears kamar yadda daya daga cikin mafi kyau ga tsakiyar Rasha a kan hadaddun nau'o'in halayen.

Kuma babban abu shine high winter hardiness, an gane shi a cikin ƙarni na uku daga cikin Ussuri pear da nau'ikan jinsin mutane waɗanda suka samo tushe a arewacin yankin Leningrad - launin rawaya na Finland.

Excellent hunturu hardiness kuma nuna: Orlovskaya Beauty, a ƙwaƙwalwar na Zhegalov, Lyubimitsa Yakovleva, Talgar kyakkyawa da Tyoma.

Dangane da yanayin hawan dutse inda aka horar da shi, maɗauran nau'ikan nauyin Rognedu suna sanya kansu a matsayin:

• karshen lokacin rani;
• farkon kaka;
• kaka.

An dandana dandalinta ga "Rognedu" don kayan abinci iri, da kuma dacewa da daidaituwa tare da quince (Ba-29) ya sa tsarin aiwatar da tsarin kayan gida na gida tare da aiki mai mahimmanci, har ma ga mazaunin bazara.

Mafi yawan abin dogara dangane da rayuwa shine seedlings har zuwa shekaru biyu: tushen su basu ji rauni ba lokacin da aka girbe su a cikin gidajen kurkuku kuma ya fi sauki don daidaitawa zuwa sabon wuri.

Abubuwan da suka shafi asali

Wadanne siffofi masu nauyin "Rogneda" sun dauki GPRylov a matsayin abũbuwan amfãni?

Da farko:

• sanyi juriya da invulnerability zuwa sanyi;
• hadaddun juriya ga babban iri cututtuka Rosaceae;
• farkon yanayin shiga shiga fruiting (na 3rd shekara);
• dandano na asali da bayanin kula na nutmeg;
• yawan amfanin ƙasa (50 kg kowace itace);
• kyawawan kayayyaki da kuma kiyaye ingancin 'ya'yan itatuwa (har zuwa watanni 2 a low zazzabi);
• low bukatar na aikin gona baya;
• halayen janyo hankalin.

Ƙwararraki na iya yin fariya: Bere Russkaya, Silent Don, Fairy Tale, Svarog da Larinskaya.

Daga iyayen Turai "Rogneda" Gidaran 'ya'yan itace a lokacin da suke cikakke. Kuma a yayin aiwatar da gwaje-gwaje na gwaje-gwaje ya nuna wani kyakkyawan haɗin: ya'ya masu rashin daidaituwa.

The pedigree na sabon matasan

Dabbobi iri iri, da bayanin da za su kasance ƙananan, an halicce shi ta hanyar tsallaka iri iri a cikin matakai da yawa ta hanyar pollination. Na farko, a farkon karni na 20, ya bayyana a kudancin Khabarovsk farkon kaka pear iri-iri - "Tyoma".

Ya sami nasara mai tsayi Ussuri pear da kuma Baltic matasan na zaɓi na ƙasa - "Finnish rawaya". Tare da shi, an samu karin halayyar yara fiye da 3 tare da irin waɗannan alamu: "Fields", "Olga" da "Lida".

Dukkan sababbin matasan suna da asalin (apple-like) zagaye na 'ya'yan itacebayan haka dukkanin nau'in pears da aka saba al'ada sun fara raba kashi biyu (a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa):

• zagaye ("lukashovki" - da sunan mai shuka);
• Buga (Tsohon Rasha sunan pears, aro daga harshen harshen Yaren mutanen Poland).

Saboda haka, daya daga cikin iyaye na Rogneda ya zama shaida a tsawon shekaru. "Lukashov"-" Tyoma ".

Ya mika shi ga sabon matasan:

• siffar 'ya'yan itacen;
• ikon yin girma da kuma haifar da 'ya'ya a arewacin yankunan Turai na ƙasar, Siberia da Gabas ta Tsakiya. A cikin yankin Amur yana ci gaba ne a matsayin nau'i, wanda ya dace sosai a lokacin hunturu mai sanyi;
• Tsarin rayuwa mai zurfi;
• high marketability 'ya'yan itatuwa;
• da damar da za a bayyana a lokacin flowering flowering na haihuwa (a matsayin wani zaɓi).

Uwargidan na biyu na Rogneda ita ce I.V. Michurin ta filayen kayan kiwo - iri iri na Belgium. "Kyawawan daji", wanda yana da fiye da 30 nau'i na siffofin da kuma kyakkyawan rating na iri-iri iri.

Wata Turai da aka tabbatar da ita ta ba da sabon matasan:

• yawan amfanin ƙasa na shekaru 15-20 na haihuwa;
• manyan halaye masu amfani;
• undemanding na ƙasa abun da ke ciki da kuma agrotechnical matakan;
• rashin haƙuri;
• hunturu hardiness;
• durability.

Sakamakon iri-iri iri-iri

1. Bisa ga fassarori guda uku na ci gaban 'ya'yan itace, iri-iri ya fi dacewa yana nufin matsakaitan karfii.e. girma shi ne cikin mita 10. Tsarin itace yana daidaitacce.

   Crohn tasowa, wani lokaci pyramidal, amma ba lokacin farin ciki, saboda da peculiarity na rage girma na matasa harbe. A ganga da kwarangwal rassan suna launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, m.

2. Matasa harbe suna da launin ruwan kasa-mai launin ruwan kasa, mai haske, dan kadan mai tsayi, dan kadan zuwa ga ƙarshen. Fruiting samar da matasa matasa.
3. Jinsin suna da siffar vegetative da kuma jan hankali tare da bambance-bambancen ra'ayi a siffar da girman. Na farko shine ya rufe murfin bishiya, na biyu - furanni mai banƙyama ko fure mai kama.
4. Bambancin "Rogneda" wanda aka bayyana a wasu kafofin kamar yadda ya dace da kuma yadda ake buƙatar ƙarin zabe. Furewar haihuwa na haihuwa ya dogara ne da tsayin daka da kuma iyawar pollinate. Harshen pollen da kuma lalacewa na ɓangarorin namiji na furen shine hanyar kaiwa ga mutum.

   Pears "A cikin ƙwaƙwalwar Anzin" da kuma "Chizhovskaya" suna da alaƙa da dama da ke shafar furancin Rogneda - an gane su da rikodin rikice-rikicen hunturu da ke da asalin asali daga dakunan gwaje-gwaje na Cibiyar aikin gona ta kasar ta Moscow. K.A. Timiryazeva.

   Ga wasu iri iri iri na "Rogned" mai kyau kuma yana da kanta mai amfani da pollinator.

   Yana da muhimmanci: Don tasiri na hade na ovary, pollinators ya kamata daidai lokaci na zamani flowering kamar yadda pollinated matasan. Lambu na bayar da shawarar don tabbatar da cikakken tabbacin da za su samu a kan shafin har zuwa nau'i uku na pears da suka bambanta a game da ripening.

• Pear ganye - arziki kore, m, matsakaici-sized, kwai-dimbin yawa; binne tare da tsakiyar; Ƙunƙwasa sun ƙaddara; ƙulla tare da kara na matsakaici kauri.
• 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne ƙananan, zagaye (har zuwa 120 gr.)Suna da fata mai laushi mai haske, ƙananan abu mai sauƙi, amma sauƙaƙƙun ciwo. Launi na 'ya'yan itace mai hadari ne: rawaya mai launin rawaya tare da mummunan launi da yake bayyana a lokacin balaga.

  Yawan ɗigon duhu mai duhu yana nunawa ta wurin murfin 'ya'yan itace. Kwayoyin dutsen ba su da matukar sananne lokacin da zazzagewa.

  Jiki yana da m, mai sauƙi, mai haske, yana dauke da fiber, sugars (7.5%) da kuma rashin adadin acid (0.1%), wanda ya sa 'ya'yan itace su dandana dandano mai ban sha'awa.

  Pears na wannan aji suna da muhimmanci bayanin haske na nutmegwannan ya ba su wani ƙanshi na kudancin kudancin. Datti Ana kiyasta dabi'un 'ya'yan itace a maki 4.1 a kan sikelin dandanawa.

• Itacen ya shiga lokacin haihuwa a kan shekaru 3 na rayuwa.
• Yaran har zuwa shekaru 20 ba tare da tsabta ba.
• Yawan aiki a kowace shekara yana canzawa, wani lokaci yakan kai iyakar - 100 kg kowane itace. Saboda haka, a cikin shekaru masu albarka ko da shawarar su cire har zuwa 50% na ovaries bayan faduwar yanayi.

Yawan nau'in pear kuma an bambanta da yawan amfanin ƙasa: Tonkovetka, Sverdlovchanka, Samara Beauty, Bere Bosk da Tatiana.

• Abincin ya fara faruwa zuwa farkon watan Agusta ko shekara ta uku (ainihin kwanakin sun dogara ne akan yankin noma, inda aka kirkiro iri-iri a ƙarshen lokacin rani, farkon kaka ko kaka).
• Yawan iri-iri yana da haɗin kai hali don fadaSabili da haka, girbi ya zama dole har sai cikakkiyar balagagge. Ana adana 'ya'yan itacen marmari na mako guda a karkashin yanayin al'ada 2 watanni - a cikin yanayin kwanciyar sanyi.
• Hanyoyin wannan nau'in sune marasa cututtuka sun kamu da cutar, nuna juriya ga scab da launin toka.
• Magunguna masu tsanani a lokacin gwajin ya tabbatar musamman hunturu hardiness "Rognedy".

Yana da muhimmanci: Pear yana da kyau, ko da yumɓu mai yumɓu mai yalwa ko sandstones zai iya dacewa da shi, babban abu shi ne don ciyar da tsirrai tare da kwayoyin halitta.

Hotuna

Fasali na girma

1. Pear ba ya jure wa transplants. Saboda haka, tana buƙatar samun sau ɗaya kuma duk wani wuri mai kyau a gonar. A yawancin yankunan kudancin yanada mai ƙarancin zafi sukan karɓa Kudancin kudu kusa da ganuwar gine-ginen.

   Da wuya "Rogned" yana da kyau kuma a arewa maso gabas ko gefen arewacin shafin, babban abu shi ne farkon dusar ƙanƙara wanda ya rufe bishiyar har sai bazara ba ta zama tudun wuri a lokacin narkewar (pear ba ta son dumi mai dadi).

   Sannuwar narkewa daga murfin dusar ƙanƙara zai adana pear daga kunar rana a jiki wanda yana barazanar bishiyoyi a karshen hunturu. Da kyau, zai yi mata. yankakken ɓangare na gonar, an kare shi daga iskõki mai iska.

2. Kayan fasaha na dasa shuki da pear yana kama da halaye na dasa itacen apple:
   
   • irin girman wannan rami (diamita 50cm, zurfin - 0.7m);
   • dasa shuki seedling a kan mound na ƙasa da humus;
   • Ƙarfafa a gefen arewa;
   • dasa shuki dacewa ta wurin matsayi na gwanin tushen (5 cm sama da gefen rami);
   • da kafawar da'irar daren;
   • watering;
   • mulching tare da peat.

   Tip: Kullum ciyar da seedlings fara daga lokacin da ta shiga cikin fruiting lokaci (bayan shekaru 2-3).

3. Ga pear, dukkan abubuwa hudu na agro-complexes na abubuwan da suka faru sune dole:
   • watering (har zuwa sau 5 a wata don guga da safe da maraice); na musamman mahimmanci shine watering a lokacin tsawon 'ya'yan itace da kuma shimfiɗa bishiyoyin girbi na gaba; yawan adadin ruwan da aka gyara ta yanayin yanayi, da kusanci da ruwa mai zurfi da kuma ci gaba da girma na kananan harbe;
   • yanki: lokacin saukowa - a kan 1/3; a kowace shekara kafin bude kodan; sanitary pruning na kwance rassan; thinning domin barin karfi harbe;

   Yana da muhimmanci: Tare da kowane pruning ba zai iya wuce ¼ da taro na dukan rassan!

   • saman miya (urea, ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, phosphate dutsen, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, itace ash, ammophos, nitroammofoska) maganin takardun magani a lokacin da shawarar da vegetative sake zagayowar na shuka;
   • spraying a matsayin hanyar yin amfani da sinadarai na parasites da kwari, ana aiwatar da shi tare da taimakon magungunan magungunan ƙwayoyi da magungunan ƙwayoyi, da magungunan gargajiya (misalai, mafita, da dai sauransu).
4. Kambi na pear yana ƙaruwa kowace shekara ta kusan 40 cm, sabili da haka, yana da muhimmanci a sami wuri ga rassansa a nan gaba lokacin da dasa shukar itace. Saboda haka, wajibi ne a sanya shi a matsayin wurin abinci na "Rogneda" mita 15 na lambun. Kuma idan kun shuka bishiyoyi a jere, to, Tsarin lokaci zuwa kusurwar makwabta ya zama mita 4-5.

Pear "Rogned" ba ta tilastawa, kamar yadda kake gani, rayuwarka, amma za ta yi ado da gonar kuma za ta faranta wa gidan. Daga cikin misalai iri-iri har ila yau suna da daraja ga iri iri: Krasnobakaya, Hera, Cathedral, Krasulia da Lada.